Four priority areas to advance invasion science in the face of rapid environmental change

Environmental Reviews, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 29(2), С. 119 - 141

Опубликована: Дек. 7, 2020

Unprecedented rates of introduction and spread non-native species pose burgeoning challenges to biodiversity, natural resource management, regional economies, human health. Current biosecurity efforts are failing keep pace with globalization, revealing critical gaps in our understanding response invasions. Here, we identify four priority areas advance invasion science the face rapid global environmental change. First, should strive develop a more comprehensive framework for predicting how behavior, abundance, interspecific interactions vary relation conditions receiving environments these factors govern ecological impacts invasion. A second is understand potential synergistic effects multiple co-occurring stressors— particularly involving climate change—on establishment impact species. Climate adaptation mitigation strategies will need consider possible consequences promoting species, appropriate management responses be developed. The third address taxonomic impediment. ability detect evaluate risks compromised by growing deficit expertise, which cannot adequately compensated new molecular technologies alone. Management become increasingly challenging unless academia, industry, governments train employ personnel taxonomy systematics. Fourth, recommend that internationally cooperative bridgehead dispersal networks, organisms tend invade regions from locations where they have already established. Cooperation among countries eradicate or control established yield greater benefit than independent attempts individual exclude arriving establishing.

Язык: Английский

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Global guidelines for the sustainable use of non-native trees to prevent tree invasions and mitigate their negative impacts

NeoBiota, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 61, С. 65 - 116

Опубликована: Окт. 8, 2020

Sustainably managed non-native trees deliver economic and societal benefits with limited risk of spread to adjoining areas. However, some plantations have launched invasions that cause substantial damage biodiversity ecosystem services, while others pose threats causing such impacts. The challenge is maximise the trees, minimising negative impacts preserving future options. A workshop was held in 2019 develop global guidelines for sustainable use using Council Europe – Bern Convention Code Conduct on Invasive Alien Trees as a starting point. consist eight recommendations: 1) Use native or non-invasive preference invasive trees; 2) Be aware comply international, national, regional regulations concerning 3) invasion consider change trends; 4) Design adopt tailored practices plantation site selection silvicultural management; 5) Promote implement early detection rapid response programmes; 6) tree control, habitat restoration, dealing highly modified ecosystems; 7) Engage stakeholders risks posed by caused, options 8) Develop support networks, collaborative research, information sharing trees. are first step towards building consensus precautions should be taken when introducing planting They voluntary intended complement statutory requirements under international national legislation. application achievement their goals will help conserve forest biodiversity, ensure forestry, contribute several Sustainable Development Goals United Nations linked biodiversity.

Язык: Английский

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Towards estimating the economic cost of invasive alien species to African crop and livestock production

CABI Agriculture and Bioscience, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 2(1)

Опубликована: Май 20, 2021

Abstract Background Invasive alien species (IAS) cause significant economic losses in all parts of the world. Although IAS are widespread Africa and serious negative impacts on livelihoods as a result yield increased labour costs associated with management, few data available literature magnitude extent largely unknown. We estimated cost to agriculture, most important sector Africa. Methods Data monetary mainland well information about presence abundance were collected through review an online survey among wide variety stakeholders. Using this additional from publicly sources we management due agriculture for individual countries entire continent. Where allowed, selected or crops separately. The estimates extrapolated using production distribution and/or matching agro-ecological zones. Results total annual is USD 65.58 Bn. Management (comprising mainly weeding), crop reductions livestock derived income constitute majority (55.42, 44.31 0.26 percent, respectively). causing highest was Spodoptera frugiperda (USD 9.4 Bn). Conclusions This study reveals scale agricultural one least studied continents. estimate presented here significant, also major other sectors which could not be assessed deficit. results highlight need pre-emptive options, such prevention early detection rapid response reduce huge potential future costs, measures that contribute large-scale control widely established at little farmers affected land users, improve livelihoods.

Язык: Английский

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The economic costs of biological invasions in Africa: a growing but neglected threat?

NeoBiota, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 67, С. 11 - 51

Опубликована: Июль 29, 2021

Biological invasions can dramatically impact natural ecosystems and human societies. However, although knowledge of the economic impacts biological provides crucial insights for efficient management policy, reliable syntheses are still lacking. This is particularly true low income countries where resources insufficient to control effects invasions. In this study, we relied on recently developed "InvaCost" database – most comprehensive repository monetised invasive alien species worldwide produce first synthesis costs African continent. We found that reported ranged between US$ 18.2 billion 78.9 1970 2020. represents a massive, yet highly underestimated burden countries. More alarmingly, these exponentially increasing over time, without any signs abatement in near future. The were mostly driven by damage caused invaders rather than expenses incurred management. trend was skewed towards few regions (i.e. Southern Eastern Africa) activity sectors agriculture) small number taxa mainly three insect pests: Chilo partellus , Tuta absoluta Spodoptera frugiperda ). also highlight crucial, large gaps current need be bridged with more widespread research effort actions across Finally, our study support developing implementing preventive measures as well integrated post-invasion at both national regional levels. Considering complex societal realities countries, currently neglected problem should become priority sustainable development.

Язык: Английский

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Economic costs of invasive rodents worldwide: the tip of the iceberg

PeerJ, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11, С. e14935 - e14935

Опубликована: Март 24, 2023

Background Rodents are among the most notorious invasive alien species worldwide. These invaders have substantially impacted native ecosystems, food production and storage, local infrastructures, human health well-being. However, lack of standardized understandable estimation their impacts is a serious barrier to raising societal awareness, hampers effective management interventions at relevant scales. Methods Here, we assessed economic costs rodents globally in order help overcome these obstacles. For this purpose, combined analysed cost data from InvaCost database—the up-to-date comprehensive synthesis reported invasion costs—and specific complementary searches within beyond published literature. Results Our conservative analysis showed that rodent invasions reached total US$ 3.6 billion between 1930 2022 (annually 87.5 million 1980 2022), were significantly increasing through time. The highest was for muskrat Ondatra zibethicus (US$ 377.5 million), then unspecified Rattus spp. 327.8 followed by norvegicus specifically 156.6 million) Castor canadensis 150.4 million). Of costs, 87% damage-related, principally impacting agriculture predominantly Asia (60%), Europe (19%) North America (9%). study evidenced obvious underreporting with only 99 documents gathered globally, clear taxonomic gaps, reliability issues assessment, skewed breakdowns regions, sectors contexts. As consequence, represent very small fraction expected true ( e.g. , using less analytic approach would led global amount more than 80-times higher estimated here). Conclusions findings strongly suggest available information represents substantial underestimation incurred. We offer recommendations improving estimates fill knowledge gaps including: systematic distinction rodents’ impacts; monetizing indirect on health; greater integrative concerted research effort scientists stakeholders. Finally, discuss why how will stimulate provide support proactive sustainable strategies context invasions, which biosecurity measures should be amplified globally.

Язык: Английский

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The Biogeography of South African Terrestrial Plant Invasions

Springer eBooks, Год журнала: 2020, Номер unknown, С. 67 - 96

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2020

Язык: Английский

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A review of the impacts of biological invasions in South Africa

Biological Invasions, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 24(1), С. 27 - 50

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Tracing the origin of the crayfish plague pathogen, Aphanomyces astaci, to the Southeastern United States

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2021

Abstract The oomycete Aphanomyces astaci is an emerging infectious pathogen affecting freshwater crayfish worldwide and responsible for one of the most severe wildlife pandemics ever reported. has caused mass mortalities species in Europe Asia, threatens other susceptible Madagascar, Oceania South America. naturally coexists with some North American that are its chronic carriers. Presumptions A. originated America based on disease outbreaks followed translocations identification mainly Europe. We studied southeastern US, a center diversity. In order to decipher origin pathogen, we investigated (1) distribution haplotype diversity , (2) whether there species-specificities and/or geographical restrictions haplotypes. A total 132 individuals, corresponding 19 shrimp from 23 locations, tested positive . Mitochondrial rnnS rnnL sequences indicated US exhibited highest genetic so far described (eight haplotypes, six which newly describe). Our findings widely distributed genetically diverse region supports hypothesis US. contrast previous assumptions, however, no clear species-specificity or patterns.

Язык: Английский

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Surprisingly high economic costs of biological invasions in protected areas

Biological Invasions, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 24(7), С. 1995 - 2016

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2022

Abstract Biological invasions are one of the main threats to biodiversity within protected areas (PAs) worldwide. Meanwhile, resilience PAs remains largely unknown. Consequently, providing a better understanding how they impacted by is critical for informing policy responses and optimally allocating resources prevention control strategies. Here we use InvaCost database address this gap from three perspectives: (i) characterizing total reported costs invasive alien species (IAS) in PAs; (ii) comparing mean observed IAS non-PAs; (iii) evaluating factors affecting PAs. Our results first show that, overall, economic amounted US$ 22.24 billion between 1975 2020, which 930.61 million were (already incurred) 21.31 potential (extrapolated or predicted). Expectedly, most management (73%) but damages still much higher than expected (24%); addition, vast majority reactive, post-invasion actions (84% costs, focused on eradication control). Second, differences non-PAs varied among continents environments. We found significantly terrestrial PA environments compared non-PAs, while regionally, Europe incurred Africa Temperate Asia non-PAs. Third, characterization drivers showed an effect (higher environments), South America), taxa invertebrates vertebrates plants) Human Development Index more developed countries). Globally, our findings indicate counterintuitively, subject very high biological invasions. This highlights need be invested achieve role ensuring long term conservation nature. Accordingly, spatially-balanced integrative studies involving both scientists stakeholders required.

Язык: Английский

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The regulation of alien species in South Africa

South African Journal of Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 120(5/6)

Опубликована: Май 27, 2024

A key global change challenge is to significantly reduce the risks of alien taxa causing harmful impacts without compromising rights citizens. As part efforts address this challenge, South Africa promulgated comprehensive regulations and lists in 2014. In paper, we review how developed, changed over time, they have been implemented. March 2021, 560 were listed under four broad regulatory categories, between 2014 2020, almost 3000 permits issued regulate continued use taxa. The full regulated taxa, issued, corresponding are available Supplementary material. proposed standardised, transparent, science-informed process revise also presented – as 30 April 2024, risk analyses developed for 140 using Risk Analysis Alien Taxa (RAAT) framework reviewed by an independent scientific body [the Species Review Panel (ASRARP)] with input from taxon-specific experts. These recommendations being considered interdepartmental governmental decision-making established 2023 Committee (RARC)]. Finally, issues listing that remain be resolved presented. Africa’s continues develop, regulating will, believe, become more consistent, acceptable stakeholders, ultimately facilitate

Язык: Английский

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