Reliability and validity of four cognitive interpretation bias measures in the context of social anxiety

Behavior Research Methods, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 57(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025

Abstract People with social anxiety disorder tend to interpret ambiguous information in a negative rather than positive manner. Such interpretation biases may cause and maintain symptoms. However, there is considerable variability the observed effects across studies, some not finding relationship between anxiety. Poor psychometric properties of bias measures explain such inconsistent findings. We evaluated internal consistency, test–retest reliability, convergent validity, concurrent validity four measures, ranging from more implicit automatic explicit reflective: probe scenario task, recognition scrambled sentences judgmental questionnaire. Young adults ( N = 94) completed two sessions separated by one week. Psychometric were poor for acceptable task. The reliability task questionnaire was good, they correlated highly each other, supporting their validity. are methodological challenges that should be considered when measuring biases, even if indices suggest high measurement also discuss likely reasons tasks potential solutions improve assessment future research.

Язык: Английский

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Chronic Stress May Amplify Gender/Sex Differences in Amygdala Reactivity to Ambiguous Emotional Stimuli

Stress and Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 41(2)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Heightened reactivity to ambiguous emotional stimuli, such as surprized faces, is a transdiagnostic psychopathology risk factor. Women show elevated amygdala activation stimuli relative men, which may underlie their significantly higher for mood disorders. Moreover, there are sex/gender differences in the effects of stress on both emotion processing and regulation, with greater impact negative emotionality females. We predicted that chronic would be associated stronger these amplified girls/women. tested interactions gender/sex activity sample 297 healthy participants (59% girls/women, age range 6-75 years) who provided saliva viewed face while undergoing functional neuroimaging. Saliva samples were assayed two markers stress: Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) expression diversity Lactobacilli species. Among was images than lower exposure, although this effect not statistically significant. Counter predictions, reverse found among boys/men (i.e., exposure activation). Results similar across left right amygdalae, measures. Although our findings preliminary should replicated, they align gender valence bias, broadly support hypothesis neural ambiguity, particularly areas brain sensitive regulation. Possibly, does universally increase negativity, but instead amplifies default biases-which boys/men, result less reactivity.

Язык: Английский

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Temperament as a Moderator of Threat Interpretation Bias in Chinese Adolescents With High Test Anxiety

Psychology in the Schools, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 28, 2025

ABSTRACT This study examined whether Chinese adolescents with test anxiety exhibit threat interpretation bias, and how temperament moderates in this relation. A sample of ( n = 1210, mean 12.27 years age) were recruited to complete online questionnaires assessing anxiety, temperament. Correlation MANCOVA analyses assessed the relations between temperament, interpretation, demographic variables controlled. Results showed that compared their low counterparts, high demonstrated a significant tendency towards bias both test‐related unrelated situations, accompanied by higher level negative emotions lower perceived control. Effortful control moderated link F 2.24, Wilks's λ 0.99, partial η 2 0.02). These results is associated influences relation, indicating interventions for should address these biases consider individual differences.

Язык: Английский

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Reliability and validity of four cognitive interpretation bias measures in the context of social anxiety

Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2024

People with social anxiety disorder tend to interpret ambiguous information in a negative rather than positive manner. Such interpretation biases may cause and maintain symptoms. However, there is considerable variability the observed effects across studies, some not finding relationship between anxiety. Poor psychometric properties of bias measures explain such inconsistent findings. We evaluated internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, concurrent validity four measures, ranging from more implicit automatic explicit reflective: Probe Scenario Task, Recognition Scrambled Sentences Interpretation Judgmental Bias Questionnaire. Young adults (N = 94) completed two sessions separated by one week. Psychometric Task were acceptable. The reliability Judgemental Questionnaire was good, they correlated highly each other supporting their validity. discuss likely reasons for poor tasks suggest potential solutions improve assessment future research.

Язык: Английский

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Do markers of daily affect mediate associations between interpretation bias and depressive symptoms? A longitudinal study of early adolescents

Journal of Adolescence, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 95(8), С. 1628 - 1640

Опубликована: Авг. 11, 2023

Abstract Introduction Early adolescence represents a time of heightened vulnerability for depression. Negative interpretation biases have been associated with increases in depressive symptoms during this developmental period; however, the mechanisms underlying association between and depression remain poorly understood. Cognitive theories posit that give rise to by modulating daily affect, particularly context stress. However, has not yet directly examined. The present study tested affect intensity instability as linking negative change adolescent symptoms. Methods Ninety‐four adolescents (aged 11–13 years; 51% boys) from Vancouver, Canada, were recruited longitudinal study. At baseline (Time 1), participants self‐reported completed Scrambled Sentences Task assess biases. Next, diaries positive (PA) (NA) naturalistic stressor—the first 2 weeks high school 2). Finally, 3 months later 3). Path models conducted test whether PA NA mediated prospective associations symptom changes. Results Although intensity, instability, predicted symptoms, only Neither nor these associations. Conclusions Elevated specific mechanism through which stronger predict adolescence.

Язык: Английский

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Interpretation Biases in Anxiety – A Three-Level Meta-Analysis

Опубликована: Дек. 3, 2023

Interpretation biases (IBs) play a central role in cognitive models of anxiety disorders and are considered transdiagnostic feature operating across disorder categories lev-els severity. Despite decades research, the magnitude this bias as well factors modulating its largely unknown. This article presents three-level meta-analysis investigating strength association between IBs symptoms anxiety. Databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, ProQuest Dissertations) were searched resulting inclusion 295 samples with 1450 contrasts. An overall medium effect size (g = 0.48, 95% CI [0.43, 0.52]) was found. Equivalent sizes found for minors adults different (Generalized Anxiety, Panic/Agoraphobia/Anxiety Sen-sitivity, Specific Phobia, Separation Multiple Symptom Clusters) clinical sta-tuses (clinical, sub-clinical). Moreover, larger studies using direct measures, verbal disorder-specific stimuli. Interestingly, stronger negative than positive To conclude, present results consistent view that is associated operate severity levels. These findings have implications theories interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Evaluating the Reliability of the Word-Sentence Association Paradigm (WSAP) as an Interpretation bias Assessment across Ethnoracial Groups

Cognitive Therapy and Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2024

Язык: Английский

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