Update of the risk assessment of brominated phenols and their derivatives in food

EFSA Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 22(10)

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2024

Abstract The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2012 risk assessment on brominated phenols and their derivatives in food, focusing five bromophenols one derivative: 2,4,6‐tribromophenol (2,4,6‐TBP), 2,4‐dibromophenol (2,4‐DBP), 4‐bromophenol (4‐BP), 2,6‐dibromophenol (2,6‐DBP), tetrabrominated bisphenol S (TBBPS), tetrabromobisphenol bismethyl ether (TBBPS‐BME). Based the overall evidence, CONTAM Panel considered vivo genotoxicity of 2,4,6‐TBP be unlikely. Effects liver kidney were as critical effects (2,4,6‐TBP) studies rats. A BMDL10 353 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day for papillary necrosis male rats was identified selected reference point characterisation. derivation a health‐based guidance value not appropriate due major limitations toxicological database. Instead, margin exposure (MOE) approach applied assess possible health concerns. Around 78,200 analytical results food used estimate dietary population. Considering resulting MOE values, all far above an 6000 that does raise concern, accounting uncertainties affecting hazard assessments, concluded with at least 95% probability current concern. Due lack occurrence data, no could performed breastfed or formula‐fed infants. No characterisation any other included assessment, data both toxicity occurrence.

Язык: Английский

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Biosynthetically Intriguing Chlorinated Lipophilic Metabolites from Geographically Distant Tropical Marine Cyanobacteria

The Journal of Organic Chemistry, Год журнала: 2012, Номер 77(9), С. 4198 - 4208

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2012

Five new vinylchlorine-containing metabolites, the lipoamides janthielamide A and kimbeamides A-C ketide-extended pyranone kimbelactone A, have been isolated from collections of marine cyanobacteria made in Curaçao Papua New Guinea. Both kimbeamide exhibited moderate sodium channel blocking activity murine Neuro-2a cells. Consistent with this activity, was also found to antagonize veratridine-induced influx cerebrocortical neurons. These represent newest additions a relatively rare family cyanobacterial-derived structural class compounds exhibiting neuromodulatory activities cyanobacteria.

Язык: Английский

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Toward Catalytic, Enantioselective Chlorolactonization of 1,2-Disubstituted Styrenyl Carboxylic Acids

The Journal of Organic Chemistry, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 81(21), С. 10411 - 10423

Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2016

An investigation into the use of Lewis base catalysis for enantioselective chlorolactonization 1,2-disubstituted alkenoic acids is described. Two mechanistically distinct reaction pathways catalytic have been identified. Mechanistic revealed that tertiary amines predominately operate as Brønsted rather than bases. potential modes activation identified involve donation electron density carboxylate to C═C bond well hydrogen bonding chlorinating agent. Sulfur- and selenium-based additives under catalysis; however, due instability intermediate benzylic chloriranium ion, suffers from low chemo-, diastereo-, enantioselectivities. Independent generation ion shows it in equilibrium with an open cation, which leads specificities nucleophilic capture intermediate.

Язык: Английский

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Steroids Bearing Heteroatom as Potential Drugs for Medicine

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(10), С. 2698 - 2698

Опубликована: Окт. 3, 2023

Heteroatom steroids, a diverse class of organic compounds, have attracted significant attention in the field medicinal chemistry and drug discovery. The biological profiles heteroatom steroids are considerable interest to chemists, biologists, pharmacologists, pharmaceutical industry. These compounds shown promise as potential therapeutic agents treatment various diseases, such cancer, infectious cardiovascular disorders, neurodegenerative conditions. Moreover, incorporation heteroatoms has led development targeted delivery systems, prodrugs, other innovative approaches. represent fascinating area research, bridging fields chemistry, pharmacology. exploration their chemical diversity activities holds for discovery novel candidates more effective treatments.

Язык: Английский

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Informatics and Computational Approaches for the Discovery and Optimization of Natural Product-Inspired Inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 2′-O-Methyltransferase

Journal of Natural Products, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 87(2), С. 217 - 227

Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2024

The urgent need for new classes of orally available, safe, and effective antivirals─covering a breadth emerging viruses─is evidenced by the loss life economic challenges created HIV-1 SARS-CoV-2 pandemics. As frontline interventions, small-molecule antivirals can be deployed prophylactically or postinfection to control initial spread outbreaks reducing transmissibility symptom severity. Natural products have an impressive track record success as prototypic continue provide drugs through synthesis, medicinal chemistry, optimization decades after discovery. Here, we demonstrate approach using computational analysis typically used rational drug design identify develop natural product-inspired antivirals. This was done with goal identifying product prototypes aid effort progressing toward effective, affordable broad-spectrum inhibitors Betacoronavirus replication targeting highly conserved RNA 2′-O-methyltransferase (2′-O-MTase). Machaeriols RS-1 (7) RS-2 (8) were identified previously outlined informatics first screen prototypes, followed in silico-guided synthesis. Both molecules are based on rare group. machaeriols (3–6), isolated from genus Machaerium, endemic Amazonia, inhibited 2′-O-MTase more potently than positive control, Sinefungin (2), silico modeling suggests distinct molecular interactions. report highlights potential computationally driven screening leverage libraries improve efficiency isolation synthetic analog development.

Язык: Английский

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Halogenated DOPA in a Marine Adhesive Protein

The Journal of Adhesion, Год журнала: 2009, Номер 85(2-3), С. 126 - 138

Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2009

The sandcastle worm Phragmatopoma californica, a marine polychaete, constructs tube-like shelter by cementing together sand grains using glue secreted from the building organ in its thorax. is mixture of post-translationally modified proteins, notably cement proteins Pc-1 and Pc-2 with amino acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine (DOPA). Significant amounts halogenated derivative DOPA were isolated following partial acid hydrolysis capture catecholic acids phenylboronate affinity chromatography. Analysis tandem mass spectrometry (1)H NMR indicates to be 2-chloro-4, 5-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine. potential roles 2-chloro-DOPA chemical defense underwater adhesion are considered.

Язык: Английский

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Biogeochemical cycling of halogenated organic compounds in the ocean: Current progress and future directions

Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 205, С. 104237 - 104237

Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Burning question: Rethinking organohalide degradation strategy for bioremediation applications

Microbial Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(8)

Опубликована: Июль 29, 2024

Abstract Organohalides are widespread pollutants that pose significant environmental hazards due to their high degree of halogenation and elevated redox potentials, making them resistant natural attenuation. Traditional bioremediation approaches, primarily relying on bioaugmentation biostimulation, often fall short achieving complete detoxification. Furthermore, the emergence complex halogenated pollutants, such as per‐ polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), further complicates remediation efforts. Therefore, there is a pressing need reconsider novel approaches for more efficient these recalcitrant pollutants. This review proposes redox‐potential‐mediated hybrid bioprocesses, tailored physicochemical properties contexts, achieve detoxification organohalides. The possible scenarios proposed discussed. In anaerobic environments, sediment groundwater, microbial reductive dehalogenation coupled with fermentation methanogenesis can convert organohalides into carbon dioxide methane. environments anaerobic‐aerobic alternation, paddy soil wetlands, synergistic process involving reduction oxidation facilitate mineralization highly organic compounds. Future research should focus in‐depth exploration consortia, application ecological principles‐guided strategies, development bioinspired‐designed techniques. paper contributes academic discourse by proposing innovative strategies complexities organohalide pollution.

Язык: Английский

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Rare Chlorinated C₁₉ Steroids Hocarnoids A and B from Hoya carnosa: Isolation, Semisynthesis, and Anti-inflammation

The Journal of Organic Chemistry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 20, 2025

Steroids have consistently drawn scientific attention due to their diverse structures and exceptional pharmacological activities. However, halogenated natural steroids remain relatively rare, especially for those derived from plants. In this study, two chlorinated C19 hocarnoids A (1) B (2) were identified the folk medicinal plant Hoya carnosa, representing first examples of C-16 steroids. Semisynthesis compounds 1 2 was completed in 4 5 linear steps with 28.2% 25.3% overall yields through a modified approach, corroborating further structures. total collection 11 steroids, including intermediates obtained during synthesis, evaluated anti-inflammatory activity against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation-related RAW 264.7 macrophages. Among them, product hocarnoid displayed strongest an IC50 value 3.62 ± 0.08 μM, which also attenuated mRNA levels proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α.

Язык: Английский

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Unveiling organohalide respiration potential in River Nile sediments via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of endogenous bacterial communities

BMC Microbiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 25(1)

Опубликована: Март 31, 2025

Abstract Background Industrial waste, agricultural runoff and untreated sewage contaminate the Nile, leaving a toxic legacy in its sediments. Organohalides-polluted sediment particular poses serious public health risks detrimental effects on aquatic life. Sediment microbiomes may harbor bacterial strains that could be utilized bioremediation of such pollutants. Material methods Two from polluted River Nile sediments were analyzed by using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. In addition, PICRUSt analysis based data was used to explore organohalide respiring bacteria (OHRB) genera their corresponding respiration (OHR) activity. Microcosm studies performed validate potential for dechlorination activity sediment. Dechlorination parent chloroethenes into daughter end product detected gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection analysis. Results Analysis sequences EZ-biocloud server identified Proteobacteria as dominant phylum both microbiomes, Bacteroidetes Chloroflexi prevalent RNS1 Chlorobi RNS2 PCR analyses several OHRB genera, including Dehalococcoides , Dehalogenimonas Desulfomonile Desulfovibrio Geobacter suggesting OHR Further evidence provided functional prediction analysis, which suggested presence reductive dehalogenases biomarkers associated samples. Specifically, predicted genes tetrachloroethene dehalogenase 3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylacetate dehalogenase, previously linked OHR. confirmed dichloroethene. Conclusion This study demonstrates industrialized area harbors distinct enclosing various providing substantial It also provides

Язык: Английский

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