Dendritic Spines: Synaptogenesis and Synaptic Pruning for the Developmental Organization of Brain Circuits
Advances in neurobiology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
unknown, С. 143 - 221
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023
Язык: Английский
Cognitive synaptopathy: synaptic and dendritic spine dysfunction in age-related cognitive disorders
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16
Опубликована: Окт. 3, 2024
Cognitive
impairment
is
a
leading
component
of
several
neurodegenerative
and
neurodevelopmental
diseases,
profoundly
impacting
on
the
individual,
family,
society
at
large.
pathologies
are
driven
by
multiplicity
factors,
from
genetic
mutations
risk
neurotransmitter-associated
dysfunction,
abnormal
connectomics
level
local
neuronal
circuits
broader
brain
networks,
to
environmental
influences
able
modulate
some
endogenous
factors.
Otherwise
healthy
older
adults
can
be
expected
experience
degree
mild
cognitive
impairment,
which
fall
into
category
subjective
deficits
in
clinical
practice,
while
many
diseases
course
with
more
profound
alterations
cognition,
particularly
within
spectrum
dementias.
Our
knowledge
underlying
neuropathological
mechanisms
root
this
ample
palette
entities
far
complete.
This
review
looks
current
synaptic
modifications
context
function
along
ageing
dysfunction
disease,
providing
insight
differential
diagnostic
elements
wide
range
synapse
alterations,
those
associated
changes
physiological
senescence
abnormalities
occurring
advanced
stages
dementia.
I
propose
term
"cognitive
synaptopathy"
encompass
higher
disorders.
Язык: Английский
Poria cocos Ethanol Extract Restores MK-801-Induced Cytoskeleton Regulation in Neuro2A and IMR-32 Cells and Locomotor Hyperactivity in C57BL/6 Mice by Modulating the Rho Signaling Pathway
Current Issues in Molecular Biology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
47(5), С. 312 - 312
Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2025
Poria
cocos
extract
attenuates
MK-801-induced
hyperactivity
via
RhoA/ROCK1
pathway
modulation
in
mice.
Background/Objectives:
(P.
cocos),
a
traditional
East
Asian
medicinal
mushroom,
serves
as
medicine
and
nutritional
supplement,
has
been
used
to
improve
sleep
mood.
Its
bioactive
compounds
may
regulate
calcium
signaling
Rho
family
proteins,
which
are
linked
cytoskeletal
remodeling
psychiatric
symptoms.
This
study
investigated
the
effects
of
P.
ethanol
(PCEE)
on
signaling,
cytoskeleton
dynamics,
behavior
MK-801-treated
cells
Methods:
PCEE
components
were
analyzed
using
HPLC.
IMR-32
Neuro2A
treated
with
MK-801
assess
changes
F-actin
(via
fluorescence
staining),
cell
migration
(wound
healing
Transwell
assays),
proteins
(by
immunoblotting).
In
vivo,
C57BL/6
mice
received
induce
hyperactivity,
followed
by
treatment.
protein
levels
prefrontal
cortex
analyzed.
Results:
reversed
inhibition
migration,
disruption,
dysregulation
Rho-related
(RhoGDI1,
RhoA,
CDC42,
Rac1,
ROCK1,
MLC2,
PFN1).
mice,
significantly
reduced
normalized
brain.
Conclusion:
modulates
dynamics
regulating
behavioral
molecular
changes,
suggesting
its
therapeutic
potential
for
psychosis
fewer
adverse
effects.
Язык: Английский
Spot Spine, a freely available ImageJ plugin for 3D detection and morphological analysis of dendritic spines
F1000Research,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13, С. 176 - 176
Опубликована: Март 11, 2024
Background
Dendritic
spines
are
tiny
protrusions
found
along
the
dendrites
of
neurons,
and
their
number
is
a
measure
density
synaptic
connections.
Altered
morphology
observed
in
several
pathologies,
spine
formation
as
well
morphological
changes
correlate
with
learning
memory.
The
detection
microscopy
images
analysis
therefore
prerequisite
for
many
studies.
We
have
developed
new
open-source,
freely
available,
plugin
ImageJ/FIJI,
called
Spot
Spine,
that
allows
measurements
three
dimensional
images.
Method
Local
maxima
detected
heads,
intensity
distribution
around
local
maximum
computed
to
perform
segmentation
each
head.
Spine
necks
then
traced
from
head
dendrite.
Several
parameters
can
be
set
optimize
segmentation,
manual
correction
gives
further
control
over
result
process.
Results
obtained
various
labeling
imaging
methods.
Quantitative
retrieved
including
volume
surface,
neck
length.
Conclusion
instructions
use
available
at
https://imagej.net/plugins/spot-spine.
Язык: Английский
Overabundant endocannabinoids in neurons are detrimental to cognitive function
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Сен. 17, 2024
Abstract
2-Arachidonoylglycerol
(2-AG)
is
the
most
prevalent
endocannabinoid
involved
in
maintaining
brain
homeostasis.
Previous
studies
have
demonstrated
that
inactivating
monoacylglycerol
lipase
(MAGL),
primary
enzyme
responsible
for
degrading
2-AG
brain,
alleviates
neuropathology
and
prevents
synaptic
cognitive
decline
animal
models
of
neurodegenerative
diseases.
However,
we
show
selectively
inhibiting
metabolism
neurons
impairs
function
mice.
This
impairment
appears
to
result
from
decreased
expression
proteins
synapse
numbers,
impaired
long-term
plasticity
cortical
circuit
functional
connectivity,
diminished
neurogenesis.
Interestingly,
deficits
induced
by
neuronal
MAGL
inactivation
can
be
counterbalanced
astrocytic
metabolism.
Transcriptomic
analyses
reveal
degradation
leads
widespread
changes
genes
associated
with
function.
These
findings
suggest
crosstalk
signaling
between
astrocytes
crucial
functions
excessive
alone
detrimental
Язык: Английский
Spot Spine, a freely available ImageJ plugin for 3D detection and morphological analysis of dendritic spines
F1000Research,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13, С. 176 - 176
Опубликована: Сен. 5, 2024
Background
Dendritic
spines
are
tiny
protrusions
found
along
the
dendrites
of
neurons,
and
their
number
is
a
measure
density
synaptic
connections.
Altered
morphology
observed
in
several
pathologies,
spine
formation
as
well
morphological
changes
correlate
with
learning
memory.
The
detection
microscopy
images
analysis
therefore
prerequisite
for
many
studies.
We
have
developed
new
open-source,
freely
available,
plugin
ImageJ/FIJI,
called
Spot
Spine,
that
allows
measurements
three
dimensional
images.
Method
Local
maxima
detected
heads,
intensity
distribution
around
local
maximum
computed
to
perform
segmentation
each
head.
Spine
necks
then
traced
from
head
dendrite.
Several
parameters
can
be
set
optimize
segmentation,
manual
correction
gives
further
control
over
result
process.
Results
obtained
various
labeling
imaging
methods.
Quantitative
retrieved
including
volume
surface,
neck
length.
Conclusion
instructions
use
available
at
https://imagej.net/plugins/spot-spine.
Язык: Английский
GDNF facilitates cognitive function recovery following neonatal surgical-induced learning and memory impairment via activation of the RET pathway and modulation of downstream effectors PKMζ and Kalirin in rats
Brain Research Bulletin,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
217, С. 111078 - 111078
Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2024
Язык: Английский