E3S Web of Conferences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
585, С. 05002 - 05002
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
The
growing
demand
for
edible
oils
food
and
fuel
has
increased
interest
in
non-
like
waste
cooking
(WCOs)
biodiesel
production.
However,
faces
challenges,
such
as
low
oxidative
stability
poor
cold
flow
properties.
These
properties
are
influenced
by
the
composition
of
fatty
acid
methyl
esters
(FAMEs),
particularly
their
degree
unsaturation.
While
compression
ignition
(CI)
engines
can
accommodate
up
to
30%
blends
with
diesel
without
modification,
higher
content
requires
engine
upgrades.
This
study
explores
upgrading
WCO
sample
via
partial
hydrogenation
its
polyunsaturated
FAMEs
catalyzed
in-situ
synthesized
water-soluble
Ru/TPPTS.
methodology
includes
EN
ISO
standard
methods
gas
chromatography-mass
spectrometry
(GC-MS)
analysis
characterization
before
after
upgrading.
results
demonstrate
that
Ru/TPPTS
catalytic
system
effectively
altered
biodiesel.
Specifically,
significantly
reduced
percentage
unsaturated
linoleic
(C18:2)
ester
while
concurrently
increasing
saturated
stearic
(C18:0)
ester.
compositional
change
led
an
increase
hydrogenated
sample.
Nevertheless,
further
research
is
needed
meet
limit
outlined
standard.
Natural Resources Forum,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2024
Abstract
Incompatible
with
the
pioneering
role
of
transportation
sector
in
greenhouse
gas
(GHG)
emissions,
this
research
mainly
deals
GHG
emissions
from
transport
sector.
In
context,
study
looks
at
four
leading
European
Union
(EU)
countries
(i.e.,
Germany,
France,
Italy,
and
Spain),
investigates
their
sub‐types
aviation,
rail,
road),
uses
environmental
taxes
(ETAX)
as
main
explanatory
variable
bivariate
modeling,
considers
biofuel
consumption
(BIO)
a
control
factor
multivariate
modeling.
The
monthly
data
between
2004
2022,
quantile‐on‐quantile
regression
well,
Granger
causality‐in‐quantiles
approaches.
results
demonstrate
that
(i)
ETAX
is
completely
inefficient
on
aviation
road
emissions;
(ii)
curbs
rail
France
only
middle
quantiles;
(iii)
moderating
impact
BIO,
becomes
effective
declining
(iv)
BIO
has
certainly
reversing
nexus
emissions.
Overall,
highlights
stand‐alone
ineffective
curbing
but
certain
contribution
manner.
Thus,
strongly
recommends
taking
further
actions,
such
more
use
case
study,
to
support
practices
combating
for
EU
countries.
E3S Web of Conferences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
585, С. 05002 - 05002
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
The
growing
demand
for
edible
oils
food
and
fuel
has
increased
interest
in
non-
like
waste
cooking
(WCOs)
biodiesel
production.
However,
faces
challenges,
such
as
low
oxidative
stability
poor
cold
flow
properties.
These
properties
are
influenced
by
the
composition
of
fatty
acid
methyl
esters
(FAMEs),
particularly
their
degree
unsaturation.
While
compression
ignition
(CI)
engines
can
accommodate
up
to
30%
blends
with
diesel
without
modification,
higher
content
requires
engine
upgrades.
This
study
explores
upgrading
WCO
sample
via
partial
hydrogenation
its
polyunsaturated
FAMEs
catalyzed
in-situ
synthesized
water-soluble
Ru/TPPTS.
methodology
includes
EN
ISO
standard
methods
gas
chromatography-mass
spectrometry
(GC-MS)
analysis
characterization
before
after
upgrading.
results
demonstrate
that
Ru/TPPTS
catalytic
system
effectively
altered
biodiesel.
Specifically,
significantly
reduced
percentage
unsaturated
linoleic
(C18:2)
ester
while
concurrently
increasing
saturated
stearic
(C18:0)
ester.
compositional
change
led
an
increase
hydrogenated
sample.
Nevertheless,
further
research
is
needed
meet
limit
outlined
standard.
