Ecological Dynamics of Volatile Organic Compound–Mediated Interactions in Aristolochia Contorta With Parasitoids and Herbivores

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

In the evolutionary arms race between plants and herbivores, sophisticated mechanisms of indirect plant defense play a pivotal role. This study investigated role volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in attracting parasitoid Ooencyrtus spp. to Aristolochia contorta, while also providing insights into interactions among A. herbivore Sericinus montela, tritrophic context. utilized field surveys, olfactometer experiments, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis investigate VOCs. Field surveys showed 54.6% egg parasitism rate, with quadrats containing contorta larvae more than those alone. bioassays, preferred leaves damaged by pattern wheel simulating damage, 46.8% choosing these over undamaged controls. Leaves treated larval saliva were similarly attractive, drawing 48.7% spp.; however, difference attraction saliva-treated untreated was not statistically significant, suggesting may be central attraction. GC-MS identified VOCs leaves, including hexyl acetate, cyclohexene, δ-cadinene, α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, minimal amounts exo-isocitral β-pinene. Despite complex responses, our suggests saliva-induced do significantly boost finding implies that VOC response damage application is multifaceted, serving multiple defensive functions, amount insufficient substantially influence behavior toward leaves. Our results emphasize contorta's contribute understanding ecological dynamics within plant-parasitoid-herbivore interactions. Moreover, findings suggest new avenues for exploring roles chemical signals, highlighting facilitated cues defenses.

Язык: Английский

Uncovering the Mechanisms: The Role of Biotrophic Fungi in Activating or Suppressing Plant Defense Responses

Journal of Fungi, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(9), С. 635 - 635

Опубликована: Сен. 5, 2024

This paper discusses the mechanisms by which fungi manipulate plant physiology and suppress defense responses producing effectors that can target various host proteins. Effector-triggered immunity effector-triggered susceptibility are pivotal elements in complex molecular dialogue underlying plant-pathogen interactions. Pathogen-produced effector molecules possess ability to mimic pathogen-associated patterns or hinder binding of pattern recognition receptors. Effectors directly nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat receptors, downstream signaling components defense. Interactions between these receptor-like kinases plants critical this process. Biotrophic adeptly exploit networks key hormones, including salicylic acid, jasmonic abscisic ethylene, establish a compatible interaction with their hosts. Overall, highlights importance understanding interplay fungal develop effective strategies for disease management.

Язык: Английский