The Effects of Fishing on Marine Ecosystems

Advances in marine biology, Год журнала: 1998, Номер unknown, С. 201 - 352

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 1998

Язык: Английский

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Climate change and coral reef bleaching: An ecological assessment of long-term impacts, recovery trends and future outlook

Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, Год журнала: 2008, Номер 80(4), С. 435 - 471

Опубликована: Сен. 18, 2008

Язык: Английский

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Taphonomy and Time-Averaging of Marine Shelly Faunas

Topics in geobiology, Год журнала: 1991, Номер unknown, С. 115 - 209

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 1991

Язык: Английский

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Limited functional redundancy in high diversity systems: resilience and ecosystem function on coral reefs

Ecology Letters, Год журнала: 2003, Номер 6(4), С. 281 - 285

Опубликована: Март 13, 2003

Abstract Biodiversity is frequently associated with functional redundancy. Indo‐Pacific coral reefs incorporate some of the most diverse ecosystems on globe over 3000 species fishes recorded from region. Despite this diversity, we document changes in ecosystem function at regional biogeographical scales as a result overfishing just one species, giant humphead parrotfish ( Bolbometopon muricatum ). Each ingests 5 tonnes structural reef carbonates per year, almost half being living corals. On relatively unexploited oceanic reefs, total ingestion rates m 2 balance estimated growth. However, human activity and disruption are strongly correlated, regardless local fish biodiversity. The results emphasize need to consider role when formulating management strategies potential weakness link between biodiversity resilience.

Язык: Английский

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Coral-associated invertebrates

Oceanography and Marine Biology/Oceanography and marine biology - an annual review, Год журнала: 2011, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 22, 2011

Global warming and increased atmospheric co2 are causing the oceans to warm, decrease in pH become hypercapnic. These stressors have deleterious impacts on marine inver - tebrates. Increasing temperature has a pervasive stimulatory effect metabolism until lethal levels reached, whereas hypercapnia narcotic effect. ocean acidification is major threat cal cifying larvae because it decreases availability of carbonate ions required for skeletogenesis also exerts direct physiology. Marine invertebrate propagules live multistressor world climate change adding mix. pH, pco2 caco3 covary will simultaneously with temperature, challenging our ability predict future outcomes biota. To address questions vulnerabilities, data thermo- pH/ tolerance fertilization development invertebrates reviewed context that forecast occur over next 100-200 years. Gametes many exhibit broad beyond stressor values projected 2100. Available show all stages highly sensitive warming. may be particularly acidification/hypercapnia. Embryos develop through bottleneck mortality due succumb as acidification. Early juveniles vulnerable skeletal dissolution, although diminish negative impact acidifi cation calcification. The effects their interaction differ among life history species. Multistressor experiments if thermal thresholds breached, embryos not reach calcifying stage. If species persistence embryonic thermotolerance, then question compromised calicification relevant. limited knowledge interactive gap. Although range invertebrates, some regional faunas more resilient than others. This implica- tions persistence, faunal shifts, invasions community function changing ocean.

Язык: Английский

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Effects Of Climate-Induced Coral Bleaching On Coral-Reef Fishes — Ecological And Economic Consequences

Oceanography and Marine Biology/Oceanography and marine biology - an annual review, Год журнала: 2008, Номер unknown, С. 251 - 296

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2008

Global climate change is having devastating effects on habitat structure in coral-reef ecosystems owing to extreme environmental sensitivities and consequent bleaching of reef-building scleractinian corals. Coral frequently causes immediate loss live coral may lead longer-term declines topographic complexity. This review identifies cover complexity as critical distinct components habitats that shape communities fishes. has the greatest most effect fishes depend corals for food or shelter, many such face considerable risk extinction with increasing frequency severity bleaching. also have consequences require at settlement, which are compounded by declining Topographic moderates major biotic factors, predation competition, contributing high diversity reefs. Many do not nonetheless dependent provided healthy growth. Ecological economic likely be substantial compared selective but both must recognised a component managed accordingly. Urgent action fundamental appropriate management elements (coral complexity) key ensuring long-term persistence

Язык: Английский

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A functional analysis of grazing in parrotfishes (family Scaridae): the ecological implications

Environmental Biology of Fishes, Год журнала: 1990, Номер 28(1-4), С. 189 - 214

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 1990

Язык: Английский

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The Impact Of Exploiting Grazers (Scaridae) On The Dynamics Of Caribbean Coral Reefs

Ecological Applications, Год журнала: 2006, Номер 16(2), С. 747 - 769

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2006

Coral reefs provide a number of ecosystem services including coastal defense from storms, the generation building materials, and fisheries. It is increasingly clear that management reef resources requires an approach in which extractive activities are weighed against needs its functions rather than solely those fishery. Here, I use spatially explicit simulation model Caribbean coral to examine requirements for grazing primarily conducted by parrotfishes (Scaridae). The allows impact fishing grazers be assessed wider context other processes coral–algal competition, hurricanes, mass extinction herbivorous urchin Diadema antillarum. Using new analytical scarid grazing, it estimated can only maintain between 10% 30% structurally complex forereef grazed state. Predictions this were then incorporated into broader ecosystem. Simulations predict unable high levels cover (≥30%) when severe hurricanes occur on decadal basis, such as occurs parts northern Caribbean. However, withstand intense disturbance undertaken both scarids Diadema. Scarid predicted allow recovery their incidence falls 20 years or less (e.g., most Central South America). Sensitivity analyses revealed had acute behavior, depletion led emergence stable, algal-dominated community Under conditions heavy grazer depletion, was decline rapidly initial level 1% within 40 years, even hurricane frequency low at 60 years. Depleted caused population bottleneck juvenile corals algal overgrowth elevated postsettlement mortality resulted bimodal distribution sizes. Several hypotheses generated region-wide change spatial heterogeneity following usually approached implicitly through no-take marine reserves. predicts nonreserve areas severely limit accretion. Other studies have shown accretion reduce structural complexity therefore quality habitat many organisms. A speculative yet rational inference failure manage populations outside reserves will profoundly negative functioning reserve system status non-reserve reefs.

Язык: Английский

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Coral reef bleaching in the 1980s and possible connections with global warming

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 1991, Номер 6(6), С. 175 - 179

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 1991

Scleractinian corals and their symbiotic dinoflagellate algae build massive, wave-resistant coral reefs that are pre-eminent in shallow tropical seas. This mutualism is especially sensitive to numerous environmental stresses, has been disrupted frequently during the past decade. Increased seawater temperatures have proposed as most likely cause of reef bleaching, it suggested recent large-scale disturbances first biological indication global warming. article describes bleaching events possible link with sea warming other offers some speculation on fate if Earth enters a sustained period

Язык: Английский

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Causes and consequences of sea urchin abundance and diversity in Kenyan coral reef lagoons

Oecologia, Год журнала: 1990, Номер 83(3), С. 362 - 370

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 1990

Язык: Английский

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