Gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, and systemic inflammation: a narrative review

Internal and Emergency Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 19(2), С. 275 - 293

Опубликована: Июль 28, 2023

Abstract The intestine is the largest interface between internal body and external environment. intestinal barrier a dynamic system influenced by composition of microbiome activity intercellular connections, regulated hormones, dietary components, inflammatory mediators, enteric nervous (ENS). Over years, it has become increasingly evident that maintaining stable crucial to prevent various potentially harmful substances pathogens from entering Disruption referred as 'leaky gut' or leaky gut wall syndrome seems be characterized release bacterial metabolites endotoxins, such lipopolysaccharide (LPS), into circulation. This condition, mainly caused infections, oxidative stress, high-fat diet, exposure alcohol chronic allergens, dysbiosis, appear highly connected with development and/or progression several metabolic autoimmune systemic diseases, including obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, bowel type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). In this review, starting description mechanisms enable homeostasis analyzing relationship complex ecosystem pathological conditions, we explore role in driving inflammation, also shedding light on current future therapeutic interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Layered defense: how mucus and tight junctions seal the intestinal barrier

Journal of Molecular Medicine, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 95(9), С. 927 - 934

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2017

The colonic mucosa provides a vital defensive barrier separating the body from microbial populations residing in intestinal lumen. Indeed, growing evidence shows that loss of this may cause disease or exacerbate progression. integrity increases translocation bacterial antigens and stimulates inflammation mucosa, which is central pathological feature inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). This review focuses on how mucus intercellular tight junctions (TJs) act together to maintain dysregulated IBD.

Язык: Английский

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The impacts of natural polysaccharides on intestinal microbiota and immune responses – a review

Food & Function, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10(5), С. 2290 - 2312

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2019

In recent years, natural polysaccharides have received increasing attention and become one type of popular dietary nutrient because their various biological functions. this paper, the sources, extraction, purification structural characterization methods are introduced. Natural favorable for proliferation short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, presence which can improve intestinal microenvironment. not only enhance immunity, but also suppress excessive immune responses caused by stimuli. particular, regulate immunity acting directly on cells targeting gut microbiota. promoting beneficial microorganisms strengthening function cells. However, inflammatory improving microbiota composition, barrier function, enhancing antioxidant activities, SCFA production reducing pro-inflammatory mediators. Therefore, a comprehensive review is presented impacts responses, as well interactions.

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbial diversity is associated with lower arterial stiffness in women

European Heart Journal, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 39(25), С. 2390 - 2397

Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2018

The gut microbiome influences metabolic syndrome (MetS) and inflammation is therapeutically modifiable. Arterial stiffness poorly correlated with most traditional risk factors. Our aim was to examine whether microbial composition associated arterial stiffness. We assessed the correlation between carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), a measure of stiffness, in 617 middle-aged women from TwinsUK cohort concurrent serum metabolomics data. Pulse negatively alpha diversity (Shannon index, Beta(SE)= −0.25(0.07), P = 1 × 10−4) after adjustment for covariates. identified seven operational taxonomic units PWV adjusting covariates multiple testing—two belonging Ruminococcaceae family. Associations microbe abundances, diversity, remained significant levels gut-derived metabolites (indolepropionate, trimethylamine oxide, phenylacetylglutamine). linearly combined PWV-associated microbiome-derived variables found that factors explained 8.3% (95% confidence interval 4.3–12.4%) variance PWV. A formal mediation analysis revealed only small proportion (5.51%) total effect on mediated by insulin resistance visceral fat, c-reactive protein, cardiovascular age, body mass mean pressure. Gut inversely women. minimally MetS. This first human observation linking suggests targeting may be way treat ageing.

Язык: Английский

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A step ahead: Exploring the gut microbiota in inpatients with bipolar disorder during a depressive episode

Bipolar Disorders, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 21(1), С. 40 - 49

Опубликована: Июль 26, 2018

There is evidence that the gut microbiota plays a major role in pathogenesis of diseases central nervous system through gut-brain axis. The aim present study was to analyze composition bipolar disorder (BD) and its relation inflammation, serum lipids, oxidative stress, tryptophan (TRP)/kynurenine (KYN) levels, anthropometric measurements parameters metabolic syndrome. Further, microbial community differences individuals with BD compared healthy controls (HC) were explored.In this cross-sectional study, we performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing stool samples from 32 10 HC. Laboratory included inflammatory markers, KYN, stress measures. Microbial analysis correlation clinical QIIME, differential abundance taxa encompassed linear discriminant effect size (LEfSe).We found negative between alpha-diversity illness duration (R = -0.408, P 0.021). Furthermore, identified bacterial clades associated status, TRP, depressive symptoms, anthropometrics syndrome BD. LEfSe phylum Actinobacteria (LDA= 4.82, 0.007) class Coriobacteria 4.75, 0.010) as significantly more abundant when HC, Ruminococcaceae 4.59, 0.018) Faecalibacterium 4.09, 0.039) HC BD.The findings suggest causes and/or consequences may also lie outside brain. Exploratory research affective disorders like identify previously unknown underlying causes, offer new therapeutic approaches mood disorders.

Язык: Английский

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Plant-derived bioactive compounds in colon cancer treatment: An updated review

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 153, С. 113384 - 113384

Опубликована: Июль 9, 2022

Colon cancer is the third most predominant caused by genetic, environmental and nutritional factors. Plant-based compounds are very well known to regress colon in many ways, like delaying tumor growth, managing chemotherapy radiation therapy side-effects, working at molecular levels. Medicinal plants contain bioactive phytochemicals such as flavonoids, polyphenol compounds, caffeic acid, catechins, saponins, polysaccharides, triterpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides, phenols, quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol luteolin carnosic oleanolic rosmarinic emodin, eugenol anthricin. These can reduce cell proliferation via several mechanisms, blocking cycle checkpoints promoting apoptosis through activating initiator executioner caspase. Traditional medicines have been used globally treat cancers because of their anti-cancer effects, antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory anti-mutagenic anti-angiogenic effects. In addition, these effectively suppress early intermediate stages carcinogenesis when administered active pure form. However, traditional medicine not popular due some critical challenges. include poor solubility absorption intellectual property-related issues, involvement drug synergism, absence drug-likeness, unsure protocols for extraction from plant source. Using has equal advantages limitations. This review highlights benefits challenges using derived cancer. We also discussed target stem self-renewal, its effects on metabolism, safety parameters, easy modulation, bioavailability.

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota composition is associated with polypharmacy in elderly hospitalized patients

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 5, 2017

Abstract Reduced biodiversity and increased representation of opportunistic pathogens are typical features gut microbiota composition in aging. Few studies have investigated their correlation with polypharmacy, multimorbidity frailty. To assess it, we analyzed the fecal from 76 inpatients, aged 83 ± 8. Microbiome (Chao1 index) relative abundance individual bacterial taxa were determined by next-generation 16S rRNA microbial profiling. Their number drugs, indexes frailty verified using multivariate linear regression models. The impact on mortality, rehospitalizations incident sepsis was also assessed after a 2-year follow-up, Cox analysis. We found significant negative between drugs Chao1 Index at associated average 15 taxa. drug classes exhibiting strongest association single proton pump inhibitors, antidepressants antipsychotics. Conversely, not significantly biodiversity. Very low index predictor but sepsis, follow-up. In aging, polypharmacy may thus represent determinant composition, detrimental clinical consequences.

Язык: Английский

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The Potential Role of Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Diagnosis to Treatment

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(3), С. 668 - 668

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2022

Gut microbiota is emerging as a key regulator of many disease conditions and its dysregulation implicated in the pathogenesis several gastrointestinal extraintestinal disorders. More recently, gut microbiome alterations have been linked to neurodegeneration through increasingly defined brain axis, opening possibility for new microbiota-based therapeutic options. Although studies conducted unravel possible relationship between Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) progression, diagnostic potential approaches aiming at restoring eubiosis remain be fully addressed. In this narrative review, we briefly summarize role homeostasis health disease, present evidence AD patients. Based on these observations, then discuss how dysbiosis might exploited tool early advanced stages, examine prebiotics, probiotics, fecal transplantation, diets complementary interventions thus offering insights into diagnosis treatment devastating progressive disease.

Язык: Английский

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Role of Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Regulating Dopaminergic Signaling

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(2), С. 436 - 436

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2022

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays critical role both peripherally and centrally in vital functions such as cognition, reward, satiety, voluntary motor movements, pleasure, motivation. Optimal dopamine bioavailability essential for normal brain functioning protection against the development of neurological diseases. Emerging evidence shows gut microbiota have significant roles maintaining adequate concentrations via intricate, bidirectional communication known microbiota-gut-brain axis. The vagus nerve, immune system, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, microbial metabolites serve important mediators reciprocal signaling. Furthermore, contain intrinsic enzymatic activity highly involved metabolism, facilitating synthesis well its metabolite breakdown. This review examines relationship between key genera Prevotella, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium,Enterococcus, Ruminococcus their effects on dopamine. dysbiosis subsequent impact dopamine-related pathological conditions Parkinson's disease are also discussed. Understanding modulating periphery central nervous system can help identify new therapeutic targets optimize available methods to prevent, delay, or restore dopaminergic deficits neurologic metabolic disorders.

Язык: Английский

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Short-chain fatty acids as modulators of redox signaling in health and disease

Redox Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 47, С. 102165 - 102165

Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2021

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced by colonic bacteria and obtained from the diet, have been linked to beneficial effects on human health associated with their metabolic signaling properties. Their physiological functions are related aliphatic tail length dependent activation of specific membrane receptors. In this review, we focus mechanisms underlying SCFAs mediated protection against oxidative mitochondrial stress role in regulating pathways tissues. We critically evaluate evidence for cytoprotective roles suppressing inflammation carcinogenesis consequences aging. The ability these natural compounds induce pathways, involving nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), contributes maintenance redox homeostasis under conditions. may thus serve as nutritional therapeutic agents healthy aging vascular other diseases such diabetes, neuropathologies cancer.

Язык: Английский

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