The sugar-responsive enteroendocrine neuropeptide F regulates lipid metabolism through glucagon-like and insulin-like hormones in Drosophila melanogaster

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 10, 2021

Abstract The enteroendocrine cell (EEC)-derived incretins play a pivotal role in regulating the secretion of glucagon and insulins mammals. Although glucagon-like insulin-like hormones have been found across animal phyla, incretin-like EEC-derived not yet characterised invertebrates. Here, we show that midgut-derived hormone, neuropeptide F (NPF), acts as sugar-responsive, hormone fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster . Secreted NPF is received by receptor corpora cardiaca insulin-producing cells. NPF-NPFR signalling resulted suppression production enhancement peptide secretion, eventually promoting lipid anabolism. Similar to loss incretin function mammals, midgut led significant metabolic dysfunction, accompanied lipodystrophy, hyperphagia, hypoglycaemia. These results suggest regulate sugar-dependent metabolism through only mammals but also insects.

Язык: Английский

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Polygenic and major‐locus contributions to sexual maturation timing in Atlantic salmon

Molecular Ecology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 30(18), С. 4505 - 4519

Опубликована: Июль 6, 2021

Abstract Sexual maturation timing is a life‐history trait central to the balance between mortality and reproduction. Maturation may be triggered when an underlying compound trait, called liability, exceeds threshold. In many different species especially fishes, this liability approximated by growth body condition. However, environmental vs. genetic contributions either directly or via condition remain unclear. Uncertainty exists also because process can reverse causality itself affect addition, disentangling of polygenic major loci important. males mature before females, enabling study associations male maturation‐unbiased female traits. Using 40 Atlantic salmon families, longitudinal common‐garden experimentation, quantitative analyses, we disentangled from locus ( vgll3 ) effects on maturation, sex‐specific We detected heritabilities for growth, condition, but not growth. Longitudinal patterns phenotypic variances correlations sexes suggested that early indeed positively affected initiation. towards spawning time, appeared reversed whereby negatively both effects. Altogether, results indicate are useful traits initiation, only until alters their expression, contributes initiation

Язык: Английский

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A gut-derived hormone suppresses sugar appetite and regulates food choice in Drosophila

Nature Metabolism, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 4(11), С. 1532 - 1550

Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2022

Abstract Animals must adapt their dietary choices to meet nutritional needs. How these needs are detected and translated into nutrient-specific appetites that drive food-choice behaviours is poorly understood. Here we show enteroendocrine cells of the adult female Drosophila midgut sense nutrients in response release neuropeptide F (NPF), which an ortholog mammalian Y-family gut-brain hormones. Gut-derived NPF acts on glucagon-like adipokinetic hormone (AKH) signalling induce sugar satiety increase consumption protein-rich food, adipose tissue promote storage ingested nutrients. Suppression NPF-mediated gut leads overconsumption while simultaneously decreasing intake yeast. Furthermore, gut-derived has a female-specific function promoting protein-containing food mated females. Together, our findings suggest NPF-to-AKH modulates specific regulates choice ensure homeostatic nutrients, providing insight hormonal mechanisms underlie hungers.

Язык: Английский

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Signaling Pathways That Regulate the Crustacean Molting Gland

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2021

A pair of Y-organs (YOs) are the molting glands decapod crustaceans. They synthesize and secrete steroid hormones (ecdysteroids) their activity is controlled by external internal signals. The YO transitions through four physiological states over molt cycle, which mediated molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH; basal state), mechanistic Target Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1; activated Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGFβ)/Activin (committed ecdysteroid (repressed state) signaling pathways. MIH, produced in eyestalk X-organ/sinus gland complex, inhibits synthesis ecdysteroids. model for MIH organized into a cAMP/Ca

Язык: Английский

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Kr-h1 maintains distinct caste-specific neurotranscriptomes in response to socially regulated hormones

Cell, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 184(23), С. 5807 - 5823.e14

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2021

Язык: Английский

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The gut hormone Allatostatin C/Somatostatin regulates food intake and metabolic homeostasis under nutrient stress

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2022

Abstract The intestine is a central regulator of metabolic homeostasis. Dietary inputs are absorbed through the gut, which senses their nutritional value and relays hormonal information to other organs coordinate systemic energy balance. However, gut-derived hormones affecting behavioral responses poorly defined. Here we show that endocrine cells Drosophila gut sense nutrient stress mechanism involves TOR pathway in response secrete peptide hormone allatostatin C, somatostatin homolog. Gut-derived C induces secretion glucagon-like adipokinetic food intake mobilization. Loss Allatostatin or its receptor adipokinetic-hormone-producing impairs lipid sugar mobilization during fasting, leading hypoglycemia. Our findings illustrate nutrient-responsive maintains homeostasis under nutrient-stress conditions, function essential health whose failure can lead disorders.

Язык: Английский

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The steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone induces lipophagy via the brain-adipose tissue axis by promoting the adipokinetic hormone pathway

Journal of Biological Chemistry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 108179 - 108179

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Highlights:•The fat body undergoes lipophagy during insect metamorphosis.•The steroid hormone 20E upregulates Akh and Akhr expression.•The AKH pathway increases hemolymph glucose levels by promoting gluconeogenesis.•High promote FOXO acetylation nuclear localization to induce gene expression of lipophagy.AbstractLipophagy is a way degrade lipids; however, the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Using holometabolous lepidopteran Helicoverpa armigera, cotton bollworm, as model, we revealed that larval metamorphosis, essential for metamorphosis. The 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) induced peptide adipokinetic (AKH, analog glucagon) receptor (AKHR). was highly expressed in brain various tissues. upregulated its EcR AKHR increased via gluconeogenesis promoted lipophagy. high level lipases autophagy genes. Thus, brain-adipose tissue axis pathway, which presented nutrients energy pupal adult development metamorphosis after feeding stops.

Язык: Английский

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A nutrient-responsive hormonal circuit mediates an inter-tissue program regulating metabolic homeostasis in adult Drosophila

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2021

Abstract Animals maintain metabolic homeostasis by modulating the activity of specialized organs that adjust internal metabolism to external conditions. However, hormonal signals coordinating these functions are incompletely characterized. Here we show six neurosecretory cells in Drosophila central nervous system respond circulating nutrient levels releasing Capa hormones, homologs mammalian neuromedin U, which activate receptor (CapaR) peripheral tissues control energy homeostasis. Loss Capa/CapaR signaling causes intestinal hypomotility and impaired absorption, gradually deplete stores reduce organismal lifespan. Conversely, increased increases fluid waste excretion. Furthermore, inhibits release glucagon-like adipokinetic hormone from corpora cardiaca, restricts mobilization adipose tissue avoid harmful hyperglycemia. Our results suggest circuit occupies a node homeostatic program facilitates digestion absorption nutrients regulates systemic balance.

Язык: Английский

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Drosophila melanogaster as a Model Organism for Obesity and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus by Applying High-Sugar and High-Fat Diets

Biomolecules, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(2), С. 307 - 307

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2022

Several studies have been published introducing Drosophila melanogaster as a research model to investigate the effects of high-calorie diets on metabolic dysfunctions. However, differences between use high-sugar (HSD) and high-fat (HFD) affect fly physiology, well influence sex age, seldom described. Thus, aim present work was compare HSD (30% sucrose) HFD (15% coconut oil) symptoms dysfunction related obesity type-2 diabetes mellitus, including weight gain, survival, climbing ability, glucose triglycerides accumulation expression levels insulin-like peptides (dIlps). Female male flies were subjected for 10, 20 30 days. The obtained results showed clear in both triglyceride dIlps expression, being gender age determinant. study also suggested that gain does not seem be an appropriate parameter define obesity, since other characteristics appear more meaningful development phenotypes. Taken together, demonstrate key role diets, HFD, induce obese phenotype with associated diseases. further are needed elucidate underlying molecular mechanisms how differently metabolism.

Язык: Английский

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How did antibiotic growth promoters increase growth and feed efficiency in poultry?

Poultry Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 103(2), С. 103278 - 103278

Опубликована: Ноя. 17, 2023

It has been hypothesized that reducing the bioenergetic costs of gut inflammation as an explanation for effect antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) on animal efficiency, framing some observations but not explaining increase in rate or prevention infectious diseases. The host's ability to adapt alterations environmental conditions and maintain health involves managing all physiological interactions regulate homeostasis. Thus, metabolic pathways are vital regulating energetic demands host guides most biological functions. Mitochondria only heart cell because their role energy metabolism oxidative phosphorylation, also a central hub signal transduction receive messages about nutritional states cells tissues. In response, mitochondria direct cellular tissue throughout host. endosymbiotic theory suggests evolved from prokaryotes, emphasizing idea these organelles can be affected by antibiotics. Indeed, therapeutic levels several antibiotics toxic mitochondria, subtherapeutic may improve mitochondrial function defense mechanisms inducing adaptive response cell, resulting mitokine production which coordinates array responses stressor(s). This stress is observed bacteria species, suggesting this protective mechanism preserved during evolution. Concordantly, microbiome modulation sub-inhibitory concentration AGPs could result stimulation rather than inhibition determined microbial species. eukaryotes, internal external conditions, promote organism evolutionary strategy overcome potential negative conditions. We hypothesize indirect AGP regulation functional output homeostatic control manner similar those involved with disease tolerance.

Язык: Английский

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