Obstetric Medicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
17(3), С. 179 - 183
Опубликована: Июль 25, 2024
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
small,
nonreplicating,
lipid-encapsulated
nanoparticles
that
carry
protein
and
nucleic
acid
cargo
derived
from
their
tissue
of
origin.
Due
to
capacity
provide
comparable
insights
solid
organ
biopsy
through
a
minimally
invasive
collection
procedure,
EVs
an
attractive
biomarker
source.
This
review
will
insight,
how
in
circulation
may
novel
way
assess
cholestasis
address
the
possibility
getting
better
understanding
mechanisms
pregnancy
use
serial
hepatic-specific
as
window.
Biomolecules,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(3), С. 277 - 277
Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2024
In
recent
years,
EVs
have
emerged
as
promising
vehicles
for
coding
and
non-coding
RNAs
(ncRNAs),
which
demonstrated
remarkable
potential
biomarkers
various
diseases,
including
chronic
liver
diseases
(CLDs).
are
small,
membrane-bound
particles
released
by
cells,
carrying
an
arsenal
of
ncRNAs,
microRNAs
(miRNAs),
long
(lncRNAs),
other
ncRNA
species,
such
piRNAs,
circRNAs,
tsRNAs.
These
ncRNAs
act
key
regulators
gene
expression,
splicing,
translation,
providing
a
comprehensive
molecular
snapshot
the
cells
origin.
The
non-invasive
nature
EV
sampling,
typically
via
blood
or
serum
collection,
makes
them
highly
attractive
candidates
clinical
biomarker
applications.
Moreover,
EV-encapsulated
offer
unique
advantages
over
traditional
cell-free
due
to
their
enhanced
stability
within
EVs,
hence
allowing
detection
in
circulation
extended
periods
enabling
more
sensitive
reliable
measurements.
Numerous
studies
investigated
EV-enclosed
CLD.
MiRNAs,
particular,
gained
significant
attention
ability
rapidly
respond
changes
cellular
stress
inflammation,
hallmarks
CLD
pathogenesis.
Elevated
levels
specific
miRNAs
been
consistently
associated
with
subtypes,
metabolic
dysfunction-associated
steatotic
disease
(MASLD),
steatohepatitis
(MASH),
hepatitis
B
C.
LncRNAs
also
transcripts
involved
wide
range
processes,
regeneration,
fibrosis,
cancer
progression.
Studies
shown
that
lncRNA
expression
profiles
can
distinguish
between
different
valuable
insights
into
progression
therapeutic
response.
Promising
included
miR-122
(elevated
MASLD
fibrosis),
miR-21
(increased
is
linked
inflammation
fibrosis
patients),
miR-192
advanced
stages
CLD,
cirrhosis
HCC),
LncRNA
HOTAIR
MASH
development),
H19
(dysregulation
HCC
progression).
present
review,
we
focus
on
tools
diagnosis
monitoring
etiologies.
Artificial Cells Nanomedicine and Biotechnology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
52(1), С. 355 - 369
Опубликована: Июнь 4, 2024
The
global
epidemic
of
metabolic
diseases
has
led
to
the
emergence
dysfunction-associated
steatotic
liver
disease
(MASLD)
and
steatohepatitis
(MASH),
which
pose
a
significant
threat
human
health.
Despite
recent
advances
in
research
on
pathogenesis
treatment
MASLD/MASH,
there
is
still
lack
more
effective
targeted
therapies.
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
discovered
wide
range
tissues
body
fluids
encapsulate
different
activated
biomolecules
mediate
intercellular
communication.
Recent
studies
have
shown
that
EVs
derived
from
adipose
tissue
(AT)
play
vital
roles
MASLD/MASH
therapeutics,
depending
their
sources
intervention
types.
Besides,
adipose-derived
stem
cell
(ADSC)-derived
appear
be
mitigating
MASLD/MASH.
This
review
presents
an
overview
definition,
extraction
strategies,
characterisation
EVs,
with
particular
focus
biogenesis
release
exosomes.
It
also
reviews
effects
potential
molecular
mechanisms
liver-
AT-derived
emphasises
contribution
clinical
therapeutic
ADSC-derived
EVs.
Furthermore,
future
perspective
EV
therapy
setting
discussed.
Drug Metabolism and Disposition,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
51(10), С. 1238 - 1253
Опубликована: Июль 7, 2023
Interindividual
variability
in
drug
metabolism
can
significantly
affect
concentrations
the
body
and
subsequent
response.
Understanding
an
individual9s
capacity
is
important
for
predicting
exposure
developing
precision
medicine
strategies.
The
goal
of
to
individualize
treatment
patients
maximize
efficacy
minimize
toxicity.
While
advances
pharmacogenomics
have
improved
our
understanding
how
genetic
variations
drug-metabolizing
enzymes
(DMEs)
response,
non-genetic
factors
are
also
known
influence
phenotypes.
This
minireview
will
discuss
approaches
beyond
pharmacogenetic
testing
phenotype
DMEs-
particularly
cytochrome
P450
enzymes-
clinical
settings.
Several
phenotyping
been
proposed:
traditional
include
with
exogenous
probe
substrates
use
endogenous
biomarkers;
newer
evaluating
circulating
non-coding
RNAs
(ncRNAs)
liquid
biopsy-derived
markers
relevant
DME
expression
function.
goals
this
to:
1)
provide
a
high-level
overview
novel
individual
capacity;
2)
describe
these
being
applied
or
be
pharmacokinetic
studies;
3)
perspectives
on
future
opportunities
advance
diverse
populations.
Significance
Statement
provides
recent
characterize
phenotypes
Herein,
we
highlight
integration
existing
biomarkers
approaches;
discussed
current
challenges
knowledge
gaps.
article
concludes
deployment
biopsy-informed
physiologically
based
(PBPK)
strategy
patient
characterization
dosing.
Abstract
Glaucoma
is
a
leading
cause
of
irreversible
blindness
worldwide
and
characterized
by
progressive
retinal
ganglion
cell
(RGC)
degeneration
vision
loss.
Since
neurodegeneration
occurs
before
diagnosable,
early
diagnosis
effective
neuroprotection
are
critical
for
glaucoma
management.
Small
extracellular
vesicles
(sEVs)
demonstrated
to
be
potential
novel
biomarkers
therapeutics
variety
diseases.
In
this
study,
it
found
that
intravitreal
injection
circulating
plasma‐derived
sEVs
(PDEV)
from
patients
ameliorated
in
chronic
ocular
hypertension
(COH)
mice.
Moreover,
PDEV‐miR‐29s
significantly
upregulated
associated
with
visual
field
defects
progressed
glaucoma.
Subsequently,
vivo
vitro
experiments
conducted
investigate
the
possible
function
miR‐29s
RGC
pathophysiology.
It
showed
overexpression
miR‐29b‐3p
effectively
prevents
COH
mice
promotes
neuronal
differentiation
human
induced
pluripotent
stem
cells
(hiPSCs).
Interestingly,
engineered
sufficient
delivery
exhibit
more
protection
efficiency.
Thus,
elevated
may
imply
systemic
regulation
prevent
patients.
This
study
provides
new
insights
into
PDEV‐based
therapeutic
strategies
neurodegenerative
Journal of Diabetes Research,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
2025(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Introduction:
The
aim
of
present
study
was
to
evaluate
the
impact
perimenopause
on
insulin
resistance.
Specifically,
sensitivity
assessed
in
a
perimenopausal
mouse
model
treated
with
4-vinylcyclohexene
diepoxide
(VCD),
together
changes
exosomal
miRNA
and
hepatic
mRNA
expression
profiles.
Methods:
Homeostasis
assessment
resistance
(HOMA-IR)
utilized
assess
status
resistance,
action
evaluated
during
menopausal
transition.
RNA
sequencing
(RNA-seq)
analysis
used
identify
altered
profiles
miRNAs
mRNAs.
Differentially
expressed
(DEM)-differentially
gene
(DEG)
network
analyses
were
also
conducted.
Furthermore,
levels
these
genes
validated
plasma
exosomes
liver
tissue
mice.
Results:
HOMA-IR
VCD-treated
mice
significantly
increased,
glycogen
decreased.
Key
(miR-17-3p,
miR-134-5p,
miR-700-5p,
miR-6899-3p)
(G6pdx,
Ptpn2,
Lepr,
Kras,
Braf)
may
be
associated
impaired
signaling
perimenopause.
Conclusion:
period
acts
as
potential
factor
introducing
evidenced
by
genes.
contributes
understanding
that
abnormal
cargos
carried
exosomes,
such
miRNAs,
related
corresponding
response.
Journal of Translational Medicine,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
23(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2025
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
represent
a
sophisticated
mechanism
of
intercellular
communication
that
is
implicated
in
health
and
disease.
Specifically,
the
role
EVs
metabolic
regulation
their
implications
pathologies,
such
as
obesity
its
comorbidities,
remain
unclear.
were
isolated
through
serial
ultracentrifugation
from
murine
adipocytes
treated
with
palmitate
or
oleic
acid,
whole
visceral
subcutaneous
adipose
tissue
(obesesomes)
bariatric
surgery
obese
donors,
human
hepatocytes
under
steatosis
(steatosomes)
for
functional
vitro
experiments.
Functional
effects
on
inflammation
glucose
lipid
metabolism
target
cells
(human
macrophages
hepatocytes)
assessed
using
ELISA,
RT-PCR,
immunodetection.
Isolated
steatotic
control
(hepatosomes)
characterized
quantity,
size,
tetraspanin
profile
by
NTA
Single
Particle
Interferometric
Reflectance
Imaging
Sensor
(SP-IRIS),
protein
cargo
analyzed
qualitative
(DDA)
quantitative
(DIA-SWATH)
proteomics
LC-MS/MS.
Proteins
identified
validated
capturing
functionalized
chips
SP-IRIS.
In
this
study,
we
investigated
local
between
immune
within
tissue,
interaction
healthy
context
fatty
liver
disease
progression.
Furthermore,
tissue-to-liver
interactions
EV-obesesomes
to
elucidate
obesity-associated
hepatic
dysregulation.
Our
findings
reveal
obesesomes
promote
secretion
pro-inflammatory
cytokines
upon
macrophages,
exerting
significant
impact
reducing
insulin
resistance
altering
hepatocytes;
both
cases,
palmitate-loaded
depots
demonstrated
most
deleterious
effect.
Additionally,
secreted
induced
altered
hepatocytes,
suggesting
involvement
MASLD
development.
Proteomic
analysis
steatosomes
revealed
these
contain
disease-associated
proteins,
rendering
them
repositories
real-time
biomarkers
early
stages
progression
MASLD.
