Biocultural diversity and crop improvement
Emerging Topics in Life Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
7(2), С. 151 - 196
Опубликована: Дек. 12, 2023
Biocultural
diversity
is
the
ever-evolving
and
irreplaceable
sum
total
of
all
living
organisms
inhabiting
Earth.
It
plays
a
significant
role
in
sustainable
productivity
ecosystem
services
that
benefit
humanity
closely
allied
with
human
cultural
diversity.
Despite
its
essentiality,
biodiversity
seriously
threatened
by
insatiable
inequitable
exploitation
Earth's
resources.
One
benefits
utilization
crop
improvement,
including
cropping
improvement
(agronomic
cultivation
practices)
genetic
(plant
breeding).
Crop
has
tended
to
decrease
agricultural
since
origins
agriculture,
but
awareness
this
situation
can
reverse
negative
trend.
Cropping
strive
use
more
diverse
cultivars
broader
complement
crops
on
farms
landscapes.
also
focus
underutilized
crops,
legumes.
Genetic
access
range
sources
and,
assistance
modern
breeding
tools
like
genomics,
facilitate
introduction
additional
characteristics
improve
yield,
mitigate
environmental
stresses,
restore,
at
least
partially,
lost
biodiversity.
The
current
legal
framework
covering
includes
national
intellectual
property
international
treaty
instruments,
which
have
limit
innovation
A
global
system
sharing,
encompassing
digital
sequence
information,
would
remains
an
elusive
goal.
Kunming-Montréal
Global
Biodiversity
Framework
sets
forth
ambitious
set
targets
goals
be
accomplished
2030
2050,
respectively,
protect
restore
biocultural
diversity,
agrobiodiversity.
Язык: Английский
Omic characterisation of multi‐component defences against the necrotrophic pathogen Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis in wheat
Plant Biology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2025
Tan
Spot
disease
is
caused
by
the
necrotrophic
pathogen
Pyrenophora
tritici-repentis
(Ptr)
and
poses
a
significant
threat
to
global
wheat
production.
Therefore,
novel
sources
of
resistance
need
be
identified,
coupled
with
fuller
mechanistic
understanding
host
responses
Ptr.
Herein,
we
characterise
interaction
between
ToxA-positive
Ptr
strain
parental
lines
from
multiparent
advanced
generation
intercross
(MAGIC)
population.
Genotypes
displaying
moderate
('Robigus')
or
susceptibility
('Hereward')
challenge
were
identified
characterised
through
histological,
metabolomic,
transcriptomic
approaches.
Histological
investigations
indicated
prominence
papilla-based
defences
in
Robigus.
Transcriptomic
analyses
could
link
this
expression
barrier-related
genes
i.e.
actin
polymerisation,
callose
deposition,
vesicle
trafficking,
cellulose
synthesis.
Inhibiting
polymerisation
cytochalasin
E
increased
lesion
numbers
but
did
not
augment
growth,
suggesting
deployment
other
defence
mechanisms.
These
may
influenced
auxin,
as
its
exogenous
application
exacerbated
symptom
development.
metabolomic
Hereward
following
suggested
shifts
primary
metabolism,
affecting
glycolysis,
TCA
cycle,
γ-aminobutyric
acid
(GABA)
shunt.
Activation
salicylic
(SA)-associated
genes,
including
NPR1
WRKY33,
was
specific
Hereward,
SA
both
genotypes.
This
study
suggests
barrier
effective
against
well
lack
factors
like
appropriate
processing
IAA.
findings
offer
potential
avenues
for
enhancing
Язык: Английский
High‐Throughput Robotic Phenotyping for Quantifying Tomato Disease Severity Enabled by Synthetic Data and Domain‐Adaptive Semantic Segmentation
Journal of Field Robotics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2024
ABSTRACT
Plant
diseases
cause
an
annual
global
crop
loss
of
20%–40%,
leading
to
estimated
economic
losses
30–50
billion
dollars.
Tomatoes
are
susceptible
more
than
200
diseases.
Breeding
disease‐resistant
cultivars
is
cost‐effective
and
environmentally
sustainable
the
frequent
use
pesticides.
Traditional
breeding
methods
for
disease
resistance,
relying
on
direct
visual
observation
measure
disease‐related
traits,
time‐consuming,
inaccurate,
expensive,
require
specific
knowledge
tomato
High‐throughput
phenotyping
essential
reduce
labor
costs,
improve
measurement
accuracy,
expedite
release
new
varieties,
thereby
effectively
identifying
crops.
Precision
agriculture
efforts
have
primarily
focused
detecting
individual
leaves
under
controlled
laboratory
conditions,
neglecting
assessment
severity
entire
plant
in
field.
To
address
this,
we
created
a
synthetic
data
set
using
existing
field
leaf
sets,
leveraging
game
engine
minimize
additional
labeling.
Consequently,
developed
customized
unsupervised
domain‐adaptive
segmentation
algorithm
that
monitors
determines
based
proportion
affected
areas.
The
system‐derived
percentages
show
high
correlation
with
manually
labeled
data,
evidenced
by
coefficient
0.91.
Our
research
demonstrates
feasibility
ground
robots
equipped
deep‐learning
algorithms
monitor
potentially
accelerating
automation
standardization
whole‐plant
monitoring
tomatoes.
This
high‐throughput
system
can
also
be
adapted
analyze
other
crops
similar
foliar
diseases,
such
as
maize,
soybeans,
cotton.
Язык: Английский
Plant Mutagenomics: Genomics Tools for Mutant-Based Studies
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Язык: Английский
Evidence of scientific research on organic plant breeding: A bibliometric study
Plant Breeding,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
142(4), С. 407 - 417
Опубликована: Май 30, 2023
Abstract
Use
of
varieties
bred
under
organic
conditions
is
essential
in
order
to
minimize
the
yield
gap
between
and
conventional
agriculture.
The
aim
this
study
was
analyse
research
publications
related
topic
‘organic
plant
breeding’
from
Web
Science
database
using
bibliometric
science
mapping
visualization
tools.
number
analysed
documents
bibliographic
dataset
204
53
sources.
overall
trend
breeding
literature
showed
that
increased
during
observed
time‐span.
We
found
total,
65
countries
337
institutions
are
active
field
with
a
high
degree
international
collaboration.
top
five
according
were
United
States,
Italy,
Germany,
France,
Canada,
while
most
Wageningen
University,
Iowa
State
University
Alberta,
Copenhagen,
Hohenheim.
All
keywords
agronomy
category
separated
into
seven
clusters
for
different
topics.
Although
there
evident
progress
viewed
through
publications,
needs
further
expansion
development.
This
especially
implementation
novel
techniques
methods
aiming
improve
traits
highly
specific
conditions.
Язык: Английский