Oxford University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 332 - 334
Опубликована: Июль 22, 2024
Abstract This chapter offers brief concluding remarks, calling on society to prepare for the (perhaps imminent) arrival of artificial sentience candidates by engaging more closely with that already surround us in animal kingdom.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0The Mind-Body Problem
Oxford University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 45 - 76
Опубликована: Июль 22, 2024
Abstract Reasonable disagreement about sentience requires responsiveness to evidence and argument. It excludes baseless recommendations, dogmatic adherence refuted theories, morally abhorrent (e.g. sadistic) positions. However, the uncertainty in this area is such that many very different positions can be held by reasonable people. This chapter examines sources of have their origins philosophy mind. Major metaphysical pictures including materialism, epiphenomenalism, interactionism, Russellian monism, biopsychism, ‘integrated information theory’ are introduced major strengths weaknesses considered. The then turns other axes disagreement. One concerns importance agency embodiment, real or virtual. Another scale functional organization matters. A third whether edge sharp blurred.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0Personal Acknowledgements
Опубликована: Июль 22, 2024
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0Ethics and Religion
Oxford University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 77 - 89
Опубликована: Июль 22, 2024
Abstract ‘Sentientist’ ethical outlooks regard sentience as necessary and sufficient for having interests that matter morally in their own right. Sentientism finds expression at least three major secular theories (classical utilitarianism the of Korsgaard Nussbaum), well idea ahimsa Indian thought. can be contrasted with various ways denying necessity and/or sufficiency moral status. The possibility Vulcan-like beings who have consciousness aspect without valence suggests a qualification to pure sentientism may needed. A more serious challenge comes from agency-centric rationality-centric positions. One example is orthodox Kantianism, which allows only indirect duties (formally owed ourselves) concerning non-rational beings. Another Abrahamic religions, give very limited standing non-human sentient We can, however, find all them support stewardship, including duty avoid causing gratuitous suffering.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0The Concept of Sentience
Oxford University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 23 - 42
Опубликована: Июль 22, 2024
Abstract Sentience has broader and narrower senses. In a broad sense, it refers to any capacity for conscious experience. Conscious experience here ‘phenomenal consciousness’, the idea that there is ‘something it’s like’ be you. have valenced experiences: experiences feel bad or good subject, such as of pain pleasure. A definition sentience can common ground, despite continuing disagreement about nature valence. We hope current definitions consciousness’ will superseded by more informative successors, but this must await much theoretical consensus than currently exists. Valence, meanwhile, one two major dimensions, along with arousal, structure our affective experiences, matters most from an ethical point view.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0Involving the Public
Oxford University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 138 - 153
Опубликована: Июль 22, 2024
Abstract How should proportionality be assessed in practice? A ‘tyranny of expert values’ occurs when the values advisers determine a policy decision without those being properly scrutinized by democratic process. Citizens’ assemblies or panels can an attractive way to avoid this problem. Moreover, they have advantages over elected and referendums. These are especially clear issue generates deep value conflicts, requires sustained attention regular revisiting, consideration interests beings who cannot vote, there reasons departisanize issue. Questions at edge sentience all these properties. Since citizens do not generally scientific training, careful thought needs given structure deliberation, so that forced into position arbitrating disagreement. Their focus on whether proposed response publicly justified as proportionate, is candidate.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0List of Illustrations
Опубликована: Июль 22, 2024
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0Publisher Acknowledgements
Опубликована: Июль 22, 2024
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0Neural Organoids
Oxford University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 216 - 230
Опубликована: Июль 22, 2024
Abstract Human neural organoids are showing great promise as models of the human brain. It would be hasty to dismiss possibility they could develop sentience. However, scepticism about this idea is appropriate when considering current (at time writing). This not because their size, but organization: lack a functioning brainstem or anything equivalent one. There nonetheless troubling early warning signs suggesting that organoid research may create forms sentient being in future. Researchers with very different views basis sentience can unite behind ‘brainstem rule’: if develops innervates registers and prioritizes its needs, regulates arousal, leads sleep-wake cycles, then it candidate. Artificial substitutes also enough. If creation candidates, moratorium (time-limited ban) indefinite ban on particular type appropriate. An alternative approach, consistent existing approaches animal research, require ethical review harm-benefit analysis whenever
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0Converging on Precautions
Oxford University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 113 - 137
Опубликована: Июль 22, 2024
Abstract This chapter looks for points of consensus across the zone reasonable disagreement. To do this, it introduces two bridging concepts: sentience candidates and investigation priorities. Crucially, relatively inclusive theories Panksepp, Damasio, Merker, which link to evolutionarily ancient mechanisms in midbrain, describe realistic possibilities, so a system with these is candidate. When evidence falls short showing that candidate, but there are still welfare risks may call precautionary response, should be classed as an priority. There ethical around duty avoid causing gratuitous suffering sentient beings. Suffering not if occurs course defensible activity. activity indefensible or precautions taken fall what proportionate. These ideas lead principle proportionate whenever being
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
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