Sulfamethoxazole Transformation by Heat-Activated Persulfate: Linking Transformation Products Patterns with Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Fractionation DOI
Xiao Liu, Jimmy Köpke, Caglar Akay

и другие.

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 10, 2025

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a frequently detected antibiotic in groundwater, raising environmental concerns. Persulfate oxidation used for micropollutant removal. To investigate SMX transformation by persulfate, experiments were conducted using heat-activated persulfate at pH 3, 7, and 10. TP269a (SMX-hydroxylamine) TP178 identified as the dominant TPs across levels. The exclusive formation of 4-nitroso-SMX, 4-nitro-SMX, TP518 3 highlighted role SO4•- attacking NH2. At 7 10, 3A5MI emerged TP. Carbon isotopic fractionation (εC = -1.3 ± 0.5‰, -1.1 0.4‰, 0.3‰ 10) remained consistent levels, caused involving C-S bond cleavage. An inverse nitrogen isotope (εN +0.68 0.11‰) was associated with SO4•--induced single-electron transfer. Conversely, normal 10 -0.27 0.04‰) N-H cleavage H abstraction through HO• N-S indicated that pathway involved reactions, accounting 74%. Overall, results highlight potential CSIA to elucidate pathways.

Язык: Английский

Sulfamethoxazole Transformation by Heat-Activated Persulfate: Linking Transformation Products Patterns with Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Fractionation DOI
Xiao Liu, Jimmy Köpke, Caglar Akay

и другие.

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 10, 2025

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a frequently detected antibiotic in groundwater, raising environmental concerns. Persulfate oxidation used for micropollutant removal. To investigate SMX transformation by persulfate, experiments were conducted using heat-activated persulfate at pH 3, 7, and 10. TP269a (SMX-hydroxylamine) TP178 identified as the dominant TPs across levels. The exclusive formation of 4-nitroso-SMX, 4-nitro-SMX, TP518 3 highlighted role SO4•- attacking NH2. At 7 10, 3A5MI emerged TP. Carbon isotopic fractionation (εC = -1.3 ± 0.5‰, -1.1 0.4‰, 0.3‰ 10) remained consistent levels, caused involving C-S bond cleavage. An inverse nitrogen isotope (εN +0.68 0.11‰) was associated with SO4•--induced single-electron transfer. Conversely, normal 10 -0.27 0.04‰) N-H cleavage H abstraction through HO• N-S indicated that pathway involved reactions, accounting 74%. Overall, results highlight potential CSIA to elucidate pathways.

Язык: Английский

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