Influence of global environmental Change on plankton

Journal of Plankton Research, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 43(6), С. 779 - 800

Опубликована: Окт. 11, 2021

Abstract Much has been published on the effects of ocean acidification plankton since original Royal Society 2005 report. In addition to direct primary production, it is clear that also profound consequences for biogeochemistry. Furthermore, although can have grazers such as copepods, induces changes in nutritional value phytoplankton which be passed up food chain. There recognition complexity interactions between elevated CO2 and other environmental factors this seen an upsurge climate change research involving multifactorial experiments. particular, interaction with global warming resulting from increasing greenhouse effect investigated. inland water plankton. These, combined novel experimental techniques long term studies genetic adaptation, are providing better insights biology communities a future world.

Язык: Английский

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Effect of climate change on marine ecosystems

Elsevier eBooks, Год журнала: 2021, Номер unknown, С. 115 - 176

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Laboratory Observation of the Buffering Effect of Aragonite Dissolution at the Seafloor

Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 129(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

Abstract Carbon dioxide entering and acidifying the ocean can be neutralized by dissolution of calcium carbonate, which is mainly found in two mineral forms. Calcite more stable form often deep‐sea sediments, whilst aragonite soluble therefore rarely preserved. Recent research shows may account for a much larger portion marine carbonate export to interior via biological pump than previously thought, that does reach deep sea seafloor despite being buried. If present dissolving at it will raise local pH concentrations, potentially enough inhibit calcite dissolution, representing deep‐sea, version galvanization. Here, we test this hypothesis simulating sediment‐water interface laboratory measuring its effects on using microsensors. We show addition sediment, overlain seawater undersaturated with respect both minerals, results an unchanged alkalinity flux out suggesting decrease net rate calcite. In combination diagenetic model, suppress top millimeters seabed, locally leading precipitation within 1 day. Future efforts should quantify galvanization effect situ, as process represent important component carbon cycle, assigning key role producers controlling preserving climatic archives.

Язык: Английский

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Threatened species drive the strength of the carbonate pump in the northern Scotia Sea

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 29, 2018

Abstract The efficiency of deep-ocean CO 2 sequestration is regulated by the relative balance between inorganic and organic carbon export respectively acting through biological pump (BCP) carbonate counter (CCP). composition abundance calcifying species in prevailing oceanic plankton community plays a major role driving CCP. Here we assess these organisms regulating strength CCP Southern Ocean region (northern Scotia Sea) known to be hotspot for drawdown atmospheric . We show that, when shelled pteropods dominate community, total annual reduction transferred deep ocean doubles (17%) compared other calcifiers (3–9%). Furthermore, predation enhances their contribution removal soft tissue. Pteropods are threatened polar regions warming acidification. determine that potential decline would have implications comparative strengths BCP

Язык: Английский

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Changes in Genome-Wide Methylation and Gene Expression in Response to Future pCO2 Extremes in the Antarctic Pteropod Limacina helicina antarctica

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 6

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2020

Epigenetic processes such as variation in DNA methylation may promote phenotypic plasticity and the rapid acclimatization of species to environmental change. The extent which an organism mount epigenetic response current future climate extremes influence its capacity acclimatize or adapt global change on ecological rather than evolutionary time scales. thecosome pteropod Limacina helicina antarctica is abundant macrozooplankton endemic Southern Ocean considered a bellwether ocean acidification it highly sensitive carbonate chemistry. In this study, we quantified gene expression over across different regimes. We exposed L. pCO2 levels mimicking present-day norms coastal 255 atm pCO2, 530 projected 918 for up 7 days before measuring sequencing transcriptomes animals from each treatment time. significantly reduced by 29–56% after 1 day exposure returned control 6 days. addition, exhibited drastically more differential compared cultures replicating extremes. Differentially expressed transcripts were predominantly downregulated. Furthermore, downregulated genes enriched with signatures body methylation. These findings support potential role regulating transcriptomic responses situ experienced seasonally during vertical migration. More broadly, was capable mounting substantial despite little evidence metabolic recovery transcriptional homeostasis at levels.

Язык: Английский

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Severe biological effects under present-day estuarine acidification in the seasonally variable Salish Sea

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 765, С. 142689 - 142689

Опубликована: Окт. 6, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Strong time dependence of ocean acidification mitigation by atmospheric carbon dioxide removal

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 6, 2019

Abstract In Paris in 2015, the global community agreed to limit warming well below 2 $${}^{\circ }$$ ∘ C, aiming at even 1.5 C. It is still uncertain whether these targets are sufficient preserve marine ecosystems and prevent a severe alteration of biogeochemical cycles. Here, we show that stringent mitigation strategies consistent with C scenario could, indeed, provoke critical difference for ocean’s carbon cycle calcium carbonate saturation states. Favorable conditions calcifying organisms like tropical corals polar pteropods, both major importance large ecosystems, can only be maintained if CO $${}_{2}$$ 2 emissions fall rapidly between 2025 2050, potentially requiring an early deployment removal techniques addition drastic reduction. Furthermore, this outcome achieved terrestrial biosphere remains sink during entire 21st century.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of Ocean Acidification on Calcification of the Sub-Antarctic Pteropod Limacina retroversa

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 8

Опубликована: Март 2, 2021

Ocean acidification is expected to impact the high latitude oceans first, as CO 2 dissolves more easily in colder waters. At current rate of anthropogenic emissions, sub-Antarctic Zone will start experience undersaturated conditions with respect aragonite within next few decades, which affect marine calcifying organisms. Shelled pteropods, a group zooplankton, are considered be especially sensitive changes carbonate chemistry because their thin shells. Limacina retroversa most abundant pteropod waters, and plays an important role pump. However, not much known about its response ocean acidification. In this study, we investigated differences calcification between L. individuals exposed past (pH 8.19; mid-1880s), present 8.06), near-future 7.93; predicted for 2050) sub-Antarctic. After 3 days exposure, responses were quantified by calcein staining, shell weighing, Micro-CT scanning. pteropods conditions, occurred over entire leading edge last whorl, whilst incubated under mostly invested extending shells, rather than shell. Moreover, formed larger volumes compared future suggesting that already decreased today’s Shells did increase weight during incubation, had lower density further compromised future. This demonstrates sensitivity relatively small short-term chemistry. A reduction rapidly acidifying waters have major on aragonite-CaCO export from oceanic surface deep sea.

Язык: Английский

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Contrasting life cycles of Southern Ocean pteropods alter their vulnerability to climate change

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10

Опубликована: Май 11, 2023

Pteropods are a key part of biogeochemical cycling and epipelagic food webs in the Southern Ocean. However, shelled pteropods vulnerable to climate change, due their aragonite shells being particularly sensitive ocean acidification. Currently our understanding pteropod responses environmental change is hindered by uncertainties surrounding life cycles population dynamics. In this study, we describe polar diversity north-eastern Scotia Sea, inferring history structures dominant species, Limacina rangii (formerly helicina antarctica ) retroversa . An annual timeseries shell morphometrics was derived from individuals collected moored sediment trap at 400 m depth. We found that L. have contrasting strategies. has continuous spawning recruitment period November March can overwinter as juveniles adults. discrete events May, producing non–overlapping cohorts Their development adult stage takes between two five months, upon which they Our findings suggest different vulnerabilities changing ocean. For example, since all stages co-exist, vulnerability one cohort not detrimental stability overall whereas, if fails recruit, entire threatened. Changes populations could cascading ramifications Antarctic ecosystems carbon cycling.

Язык: Английский

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Under pressure: Nanoplastics as a further stressor for sub-Antarctic pteropods already tackling ocean acidification

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 174, С. 113176 - 113176

Опубликована: Дек. 7, 2021

In the Southern Ocean (SO), plastic debris has already been found in waters and sediments. Nanoplastics (<1 μm) are expected to be as pervasive their larger counterparts, but more harmful biological systems, being able enter cells provoke toxicity. SO, (nano)plastic pollution occurs concomitantly with other environmental threats such ocean acidification (OA), potential cumulative impact of these two challenges on SO marine ecosystems is still overlooked. Here single combined effects nanoplastics OA sub-Antarctic pteropod Limacina retroversa investigated under laboratory conditions, using surface charged polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs) a proxy for nanoplastics. Sub-Antarctic pteropods threatened by due sensitivity shells changes seawater carbonate chemistry. Short-term exposure (48 h) PS NPs compromised ability counteract stress, resulting negative effect survival. Our results highlights importance addressing context climate change identify realistic critical thresholds pteropods.

Язык: Английский

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