Chicory
is
a
unique
and
nutritious
vegetable
crop.
However,
the
molecular
mechanisms
underlying
anthocyanin
biosynthesis
in
chicory
remain
poorly
understood.
We
combined
transcriptomics
metabolomics
analyses
to
explore
basis
of
red-budded
(Z1)
yellow-budded
(Z7)
chicory.
Integrated
were
performed
investigate
A
total
26
key
structural
genes,
including
F3'H,
DFR,
CHS,
ANS,
identified
enriched
pathways
such
as
flavonoid
biosynthesis.
Additionally,
29
transcription
factors
identified,
11
MYB,
five
bHLH,
two
WD40
factors,
with
seven
MYB
genes
upregulated
four
downregulated,
indicating
their
roles
regulating
Notably,
factor,
CI35997,
which
homologous
RLL2A
lettuce,
was
predicted
positively
regulate
Other
AP2/ERF,
bZIP,
NAC,
Trihelix,
have
also
been
implicated.
Metabolomics
analysis
revealed
that
cyanidin
derivatives
main
contributors
red
coloration
buds,
cyanidin-3-O-(6-O-malonyl)-glucoside
being
most
abundant.
Furthermore,
competitive
relationship
between
lignin
observed,
wherein
downregulation
lignin-related
enhanced
accumulation.
This
study
offer
molecular-level
insights
into
These
findings
provide
valuable
guidance
for
genetic
improvement
other
crops
high
content.
Foods,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
14(2), С. 155 - 155
Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025
Flavonoids,
being
prevalent
in
fruits
and
vegetables,
are
essential
to
the
diverse
stages
of
plant
growth,
development,
storage.
Furthermore,
flavonoids
have
been
shown
exert
substantial
beneficial
effects
on
human
health,
prompting
heightened
scientific
interest
their
potential
advantages.
This
review
elucidates
functions
confirming
position
as
natural
sources
these
compounds,
despite
differences
type
concentration
among
various
species.
significance
growth
development
highlighting
roles
enhancing
pigmentation
providing
protection
against
both
biotic
abiotic
stresses.
In
relation
recognized
for
ability
combat
aging,
mitigate
inflammation,
safeguard
nervous
system,
promote
overall
well-being.
Additionally,
this
proposes
avenues
future
research
domain
flavonoids,
underscoring
necessity
ongoing
exploration
applications
benefits.
Molecules,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
27(10), С. 3291 - 3291
Опубликована: Май 20, 2022
(1)
Background:
Dyes
play
an
important
role
in
food,
medicine,
textile,
and
other
industries,
which
make
human
life
more
colorful.
With
the
increasing
demand
for
food
safety,
development
of
natural
dyes
becomes
attractive.
(2)
Methods:
The
literature
was
searched
using
electronic
databases
PubMed,
Web
Science,
SciFinder
this
scoping
review
carried
out
following
Preferred
Reporting
Items
Systematic
Reviews
Meta-Analyses
(PRISMA).
(3)
Results:
248
articles
were
included
review.
This
summarizes
research
progress
on
last
ten
years.
According
to
structural
features,
mainly
include
carotenoids,
polyphenols,
porphyrins,
alkaloids,
some
newest
are
summarized.
Some
pharmacological
activities
anthocyanin,
curcumin,
betalains
10
years
summarized,
biological
effects
regarding
illumination
conditions.
disadvantages
dyes,
including
sources,
cost,
stability,
poor
bioavailability,
limit
their
application.
Here,
feasible
strategies
(potential
resources,
biotechnology,
new
extraction
separation
strategies,
improving
stability)
described,
will
contribute
utilization
dyes.
(4)
Conclusion:
Natural
show
health
benefits
potential
additives.
However,
it
is
necessary
pass
toxicity
tests
quality
receive
many
regulatory
approvals
before
final
entry
into
market
as
colorants
or
drugs.
Frontiers in Plant Science,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2023
Purple
corn
(
Zea
mays
L.)
is
a
special
variety
of
corn,
rich
in
large
amount
anthocyanins
and
other
functional
phytochemicals,
has
always
ranked
high
the
economic
benefits
industry.
However,
most
studies
on
stability
agronomic
traits
interaction
between
genotype
environment
cereal
crops
focus
yield.
In
order
to
further
study
accumulation
growth
process
purple
this
review
starts
with
elucidation
biosynthesis
gene
regulation
mechanism
behind
them,
points
out
influence
anthocyanin
metabolism
metabolism,
introduces
environmental
factors
detail,
so
as
promote
multi-field
production
encourage
development
color
industry
provide
new
opportunities
for
breeders
growers.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
71(24), С. 9243 - 9254
Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2023
Pigments
are
involved
in
many
aspects
of
human
life,
including
food,
cosmetics,
and
textiles.
At
present,
the
pigment
market
is
mainly
occupied
by
synthetic
pigments.
However,
pigments
have
gradually
presented
safety
environmental
problems.
Therefore,
humans
begun
to
focus
on
use
natural
In
contrast
extraction
from
plants
animals,
production
microbial
fermentation
not
affected
season
region.
This
review
highlights
recent
advances
synthesis
pigments,
classifying
them
into
various
groups,
flavonoids,
isoprenoids,
porphyrins,
N-heterocyclics,
polyketides,
others.
The
biosynthetic
pathways
for
each
group
elucidated
along
with
latest
progress
made
enhancing
efficiency
both
non-natural
microorganisms.
Additionally,
challenges
associated
economically
producing
using
microorganisms
also
discussed.
provides
a
reference
researchers
replace
The
basic
helix-loop-helix
(bHLH)
transcription
factors
play
important
physiological
functions
in
the
processes
of
plant
growth,
development,
and
response
to
abiotic
stresses.
However,
a
comprehensive
genome-scale
study
ginger
bHLH
gene
family
has
not
been
documented.
In
this
study,
142
ZobHLH
genes
were
identified
genome.
Using
Arabidopsis
proteins
as
reference,
classified
into
15
subfamilies
unevenly
distributed
on
11
chromosomes
ginger.
Sequence
characterization,
multiple
sequence
alignment,
phylogenetic
analysis,
conserved
protein
motifs
exon-intron
distribution
patterns
conducted
further
analyze
evolutionary
relationships
among
these
proteins.
results
duplicated
event
analysis
demonstrated
that
pivotal
role
segment
duplication
promoting
expansion
family.
Additionally,
cis-regulatory
elements
well
interaction
networks
indicated
potential
involvement
growth
adversity
stress.
RNA-seq
RT-qPCR
showed
ZobHLH083
ZobHLH108
key
roles
salt
stress
waterlogging
stress,
respectively.
we
systematically
analyzed
characteristics
ginger,
discovering
critical
rhizome
present
provides
theoretical
foundation
for
research
ZobHLHs
will
help
explore
functional
properties
genes.
Fermentation,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
8(9), С. 460 - 460
Опубликована: Сен. 14, 2022
Pigments
from
bacteria,
fungi,
yeast,
cyanobacteria,
and
microalgae
have
been
gaining
more
demand
in
the
food,
leather,
textile
industries
due
to
their
natural
origin
effective
bioactive
functions.
Mass
production
of
microbial
pigments
using
inexpensive
ecofriendly
agro-industrial
residues
is
current
research
low
cost,
origin,
waste
utilization,
high
pigment
stimulating
characteristics.
A
wide
range
substrates
has
employed
submerged
fermentation
as
carbon
nitrogen
sources
enhance
these
microorganisms
obtain
required
quantity
pigments.
Submerged
proven
yield
when
added
with
agro-waste
residues.
Hence,
this
review,
aspects
potential
pigmented
microbes
such
diversity,
that
stimulate
a
few
under
culture
conditions,
identification,
ecological
functions
are
detailed
for
benefit
industrial
personnel,
researchers,
other
entrepreneurs
explore
multifaceted
applications.
In
addition,
some
important
covered
herein
disseminate
knowledge.
Plants,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(8), С. 1077 - 1077
Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2024
Flower
color
is
an
important
trait
that
affects
the
economic
value
of
Prunus
mume,
a
famous
ornamental
plant
in
Rosaceae
family.
P.
mume
with
purple–red
flowers
uniquely
charming
and
highly
favored
landscape
applications.
However,
little
known
about
its
flower
coloring
mechanism,
which
stands
as
critical
obstacle
on
path
to
innovative
breeding
for
color.
In
this
study,
transcriptomic
targeted
metabolomic
analyses
white
were
performed
elucidate
mechanism
formation.
addition,
expression
patterns
key
genes
analyzed
using
RT-qPCR
experiment.
The
results
showed
differential
metabolites
significantly
enriched
flavonoid
synthesis
pathway.
A
total
14
anthocyanins
emerged
pivotal
responsible
differences
between
two
cultivars,
comprising
seven
cyanidin
derivatives,
five
pelargonium
paeoniflorin
derivatives.
Moreover,
clarified
metabolic
pathway
determining
encompasses
distinct
branches:
pelargonidin,
excluding
delphinidin
branch.
Additionally,
through
integrated
analysis
data,
we
identified
18
anthocyanin
regulation,
thereby
constructing
gene
regulatory
network
synthesis.
Among
them,
ten
(PmCHI,
PmGT2,
PmGT5,
PmGST3,
PmMYB17,
PmMYB22,
PmMYB23,
PmbHLH4,
PmbHLH10,
PmbHLH20)
related
positively
correlated
contents,
indicating
they
may
be
contributors
accumulation.
Our
investigation
contributes
novel
perspective
understanding
mechanisms
formation
mume.
findings
study
introduce
strategies
molecular
design
aimed
at
manipulating
