A fishy gut feeling – current knowledge on gut microbiota in teleosts

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025

The importance of the gastrointestinal microbiota (GM) in health and disease is widely recognized. Although less known fish than mammals, advances molecular techniques, such as 16S rRNA sequencing, have facilitated characterization GM, comprising resident autochthonous transient allochthonous bacteria. microbial diversity composition are strongly influenced by diet. High-protein diets, including alternative ingredients like plant insect proteins, modify impacting beneficial bacteria e.g. Cetobacterium . Lipids affect metabolism short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, while excessive carbohydrates can disrupt GM balance, causing enteritis. Dietary additives, probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, effectively modulate GM. Probiotics enhance immunity growth, prebiotics support bacteria, though effective against pathogens, may promote antibiotic resistance. Environmental factors, temperature, salinity, pollution, significantly influence Elevated temperatures salinity shifts alter composition, pollutants introduce toxins that compromise intestinal function diversity. Stress pathogen infections further destabilize often favoring pathogenic communicates with host via metabolites SCFAs, bile acids, neurotransmitters, regulating appetite, energy metabolism, immunity, neural functions. Additionally, influences immune system interacting epithelial cells stimulating responses. Despite recent advances, research needed to elucidate species-specific mechanisms underlying GM-host interactions, ecological implications diversity, its applications aquaculture optimize performance.

Язык: Английский

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Comparison of growth performance, oxidative stress, and intestinal microbiota of rockfish (Sebastiscus marmoratus) in different culture modes

Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 51(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Intestinal Microbiota and Gene Expression Alterations in Leopard Coral Grouper (Plectropomus leopardus) under Enteritis

Fish & Shellfish Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 150, С. 109644 - 109644

Опубликована: Май 20, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Intestinal Flatulence in Pampus argenteus: Changes in Gut Microbiota

Journal of Ocean University of China, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 24(1), С. 182 - 194

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Effect of Moringa oleifera, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Their Combination on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Immunity, and Microbiota in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Aquaculture Nutrition, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 2024(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

To exploit aquatic animals’ feed resources and functional ingredients additives, this experiment investigated the effects (a 2 × factorial trial) mechanism of woody plants probiotics on Nile tilapia. Each treatment group was randomly assigned triplicate nets 40 fish (initial body weight 35.04 ± 0.01 g) in 12 tanks for 56 days. Fish were fed four diets, including a CON–CON diet (with no supplementation) CON–Ba (basal + 1 10 7 CFU/g B. amyloliquefaciens ), MO‐CON 10% Moringa oleifera ) MO‐Ba until apparent satiation (2 meals/day). The results showed that MO had lower conversion ratio than non‐MO diets ( P < 0.05). gain Ba significantly higher those groups without Both improved morphological indices when applied individually supplementation activities digestive enzymes upregulated gene expression TNF-α , IL-6 IL-10 C3 spleen tilapia 0.05), while IL ‐6 microbiological analyses abundances beneficial bacteria increased, relative pathogenic decreased fish‐fed MO. In conclusion, dietary can effectively improve immunity tilapia, enhance enzymes. synergistic effect intestinal microbiota promotes growth, thus showing promising application prospects.

Язык: Английский

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Comparison of the effects of host-associated (autochthonous) and commercial probiotics on immune responses, growth parameters and intestinal microbiota of Caspian whitefish (Rutilus frisii kutum) fry

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11

Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2024

Probiotics are helpful bacteria that safeguard host animals from harmful pathogens. In fish farming, the primary aim of using probiotics is to preserve or reestablish a balance between pathogenic microorganisms and native constitute intestinal skin microbial communities fish. This study investigates effects host-associated probiotic (HAP) vs commercial (CP) on growth performance, antioxidant defense immunity Caspian whitefish fry. Three hundred fry (1.15 ± 0.03 g) were randomly divided into five treatments in triplicate. Treatments included feeding with control group (zero), P. acidilactici as at 6 × 10 8 CFU g -1 , HA Pediococcus pentosaceus 7 for eight weeks. Dietary HAP CP did not have significant indices compared ( P &gt; 0.05). However, significantly increased protein carcasses &lt; Different levels had effect whole-body extract (WBE) lysozyme (LZM) activity treatment WBE ACH50 bactericidal Also, case mucosal immune response, different could increase LZM, total immunoglobulin (Ig), agglutination titer, protease alkaline phosphatase Whitefish fed showed parameters (SOD, CAT GPx) autochthonous LAB 0.05); while count heterotrophic was affected Overall, present can be considered beneficial feed additive whitefish.

Язык: Английский

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Ethyl caffeate modulates systemic and mucosal immune responses, growth performance, and disease resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂)

Fish & Shellfish Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 110163 - 110163

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Editorial: Chrono-immunonutrition in aquaculture towards robust and resilient fish

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2025

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) from United Nations, aquaculture fish production surpasses fisheries it will continue grow globally in coming decades [1], contributing high quality food for increasing human population. Thus, farming is an important actor achieve UN-Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) such as SDG 2 (Zero hunger), 12 (Responsible consumption production) 14 (Life below water) [2]. However, this industry faces several challenges that negatively impact its sustainability. For instance, sub-optimal nutrition, infectious diseases (caused by parasites, bacteria virus) environmental problems (e.g., increased seawater temperature, algal blooms) can decrease performance overall health, well increase mortality, leading economic losses sector [3][4][5]. Therefore, a resilient capable of coping with stressful conditions strengthen meet protein demands global population, essential deepen understanding metabolism, immune responses against pathogens hostmicrobiota interaction.In mammals, "immunonutrition" concept has been described nutritional interventions produce health-related effects, reducing risk pathogen infection improving healing process [6,7]. To contribute knowledge on topic importance (i.e., Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar; rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss; European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax), scientific articles special issue "Chrono-Immunonutrition Aquaculture towards Robust Resilient fish" focused alternative feed ingredients, growth performance, modulation, health exposure microbe-associated molecular patterns suboptimal nutrition), microbiota characterization interaction host.Furthermore, analysis based different abstracts comprising revealed words "fish response", "diet effects", "feed", "microbiota", "gene expression", "stimulus" "meal" were most used concepts authors (Figure 1). This proposes immunonutrition experimental approach modulate physiology overcome needs industry.The gut mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) contains cells granulocytes, macrophages, antigen-presenting lymphocytes) components cytokines polarizing, pro-and anti-inflammatory) effector molecules enzymes, antimicrobial peptides, immunoglobulins) [8,9], which coordinate innate adaptive mechanisms locally distal intestine at systemic level [8,9] linked immune-related organs head kidney [10], spleen [11], liver [12,13]). primary target strategies seek improve welfare, without compromising their performance.Recently, Vicente-Gil et al. [14] reported extracellular vesicles (EVs) Bacillus subtilis induced differential gene expression trout intestinal (RTgutGC). detected upregulation pro-inflammatory (il-1β, il-8), peptides (hepcidin, cathelicidin 2) biomarkers involved barrier integrity homeostasis (claudin 3, ZO-1), mucin (imuc). In addition, cultures splenic leukocytes stimulated EVs B. showed higher number IgM-secreting cells. Also, IgM + B MHC II surface levels antigen-processing capacities. Interestingly, antigen presentation bridge between response [15] these vitro results suggest immunomodulatory potential adjuvants or immunostimulants aquaculture.Linked nutrient absorption utilization, Martin [16], investigated properties L-methionine trout. Following characterization, they evaluated effects dietary supplementation amino acid during one-month experiment followed anal immunization 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl hapten conjugated lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS). Their data fed MET1 (diet containing 44% more than commercial control diet) had significantly blood after immunization, titers TNPspecific IgMs. demonstrates positive methionine could strengthening effect immunological vaccines) currently prevent and/or biological agents.To promote sustainable animal programming be part solution. Nutritional influenced source functional compounds (ingredients additives), inclusion level, feeding period, season, stage development [17]. Tawfik [18] programming, using plant-based diets two weeks early life stages, physiological when are exposed similar feeds 20 later. example, challenge plant salmon changes transcriptome, including regulatory epigenetic lipid metabolism up-regulated, while genes down-regulated. These relevant, considering shift made marine ingredients over past years. carnivorous use limited due documented negative associated presence antinutrients saponins, phytic acid, enzyme inhibitors lectins), reduce cause inflammation [19,20].In another species, seabass months novel 10% Salicornia ramosissima (a halotolerant succulent) no differences growth, modulated mcsf1r1 cd8β) [21] was detected. Then, intraperitoneal bacterial Photobacterium damselae piscicida, S. peritoneal leucocytes mcsf1r1, il-1β gpx [21]. supports idea bioactive additives address performance. Regarding modulation (trough 16S rRNA sequencing), Monteiro [22] have proven juvenile diet 40% fishmeal replaced polychaete-based meal (from Alitta virens) lower relative abundance Mycobacterium, Taeseokella Clostridium both mucosa digesta samples. predictive communities mucosa, phenylalanine sulfur relay system, whereas valine, leucine, thyroid hormone signaling, isoleucine degradation secretion system pathways varied type since key organ host-microbiota interactions, related secretion-related secondary metabolites. Moreover, interactions link host [23,24].In industrial aquafeed production, incorporating derived bioconversion underutilized biomass side-streams help footprint [25]. particularly largest contributor carbon [26]. still low [27] evaluation field trials limited. Nevertheless, Radhakrishnan [28] studied black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) 5% 13 open seacages, replicating real farm conditions. BSFL did significant effected general welfare survival, mucosal tissues, hematological profiles salmon. skin gills, along mm-9 mucin18 gills detected, decreased cortisol response, mucus secretions, erythrocytes. findings under depending restrictions, ingredient sustainability immunonutritional approaches, applied through gaining interest. approaches aim cellular humoral MALTs organs), composition function, support growth. resistance welfare. intensive cycles. comparative research lacking elucidate if species-specific whether depend specific stages development. efforts should crucial giving emerging climate change frequent outbreaks emergence new diseases), raw material crisis (driven e.g. climatic change, growing issues political instabilities disturbing supply chains) public demand aquacultural production. Finally, one major bottlenecks remains availability largely volume cost, access upscaling, processing costs.

Язык: Английский

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Dietary lysine deficiency causes intestinal immune dysfunction partially via Janus kinases (JAKs)/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) signalling pathways of on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Animal Feed Science and Technology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 116258 - 116258

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Impact of Probiotics on Enzyme Activities, Intestinal Microbial Remodeling, and Metabolic Pathways in American Shad (Alosa sapidissima) at High Temperatures

Marine Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 27(2)

Опубликована: Март 3, 2025

Язык: Английский

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