Microbiota and neurodevelopmental windows: implications for brain disorders

Trends in Molecular Medicine, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 20(9), С. 509 - 518

Опубликована: Июнь 20, 2014

Язык: Английский

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Breaking down the barriers: the gut microbiome, intestinal permeability and stress-related psychiatric disorders

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 9

Опубликована: Окт. 14, 2015

The emerging links between our gut microbiome and the central nervous system (CNS) are regarded as a paradigm shift in neuroscience with possible implications for not only understanding pathophysiology of stress-related psychiatric disorders, but also their treatment. Thus its influence on host barrier function is positioned to be critical node within brain-gut axis. Mounting preclinical evidence broadly suggests that microbiota can modulate brain development, behavior by immune, endocrine neural pathways brain-gut-microbiota Detailed mechanistic insights explaining these specific interactions currently underdeveloped. However, concept "leaky gut" may facilitate communication key signaling has gained traction. Deficits intestinal permeability underpin chronic low-grade inflammation observed disorders such depression plays role regulating permeability. In this review we will discuss played maintaining CNS consequences when it becomes disrupted. We draw both clinical support well features which necessary normal function.

Язык: Английский

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Gut Microbes and the Brain: Paradigm Shift in Neuroscience

Journal of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 34(46), С. 15490 - 15496

Опубликована: Ноя. 12, 2014

The discovery of the size and complexity human microbiome has resulted in an ongoing reevaluation many concepts health disease, including diseases affecting CNS. A growing body preclinical literature demonstrated bidirectional signaling between brain gut microbiome, involving multiple neurocrine endocrine mechanisms. While psychological physical stressors can affect composition metabolic activity microbiota, experimental changes to emotional behavior related systems. These findings have speculation that alterations may play a pathophysiological role diseases, autism spectrum disorder, anxiety, depression, chronic pain. Ongoing large-scale population-based studies imaging looking at effect modulation on responses emotion-related stimuli are seeking validate these speculations. This article is summary emerging topics covered symposium not meant be comprehensive review subject.

Язык: Английский

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The Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis in Health and Disease

Gastroenterology Clinics of North America, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 46(1), С. 77 - 89

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Targeting the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Prebiotics Have Anxiolytic and Antidepressant-like Effects and Reverse the Impact of Chronic Stress in Mice

Biological Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 82(7), С. 472 - 487

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Gut instincts: microbiota as a key regulator of brain development, ageing and neurodegeneration

The Journal of Physiology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 595(2), С. 489 - 503

Опубликована: Сен. 19, 2016

There is a growing realisation that the gut-brain axis and its regulation by microbiota may play key role in biological physiological basis of neurodevelopmental, age-related neurodegenerative disorders. The routes communication between brain are being unravelled include vagus nerve, gut hormone signalling, immune system, tryptophan metabolism or way microbial metabolites such as short chain fatty acids. importance early life shaping future health outcomes also emerging. Disturbances this composition antibiotic exposure, lack breastfeeding, infection, stress environmental influences coupled with influence host genetics can result long-term effects on physiology behaviour, at least animal models. It worth noting mode delivery birth those born Caesarean section having distinctly different to per vaginum. At other extreme life, ageing associated narrowing diversity healthy correlates diverse microbiome. Recently, has been implicated variety conditions including depression, autism, schizophrenia Parkinson's disease. still considerable debate whether not changes core pathophysiology merely epiphenomenal. plausible neuropsychiatric disorders might be treated targeting either transplantation, antibiotics psychobiotics.

Язык: Английский

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Teleost microbiomes: the state of the art in their characterization, manipulation and importance in aquaculture and fisheries

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 5

Опубликована: Июнь 2, 2014

Indigenous microbiota play a critical role in the lives of their vertebrate hosts. In human and mouse models it is increasingly clear that innate adaptive immunity develop close concert with commensal microbiome. Furthermore, several aspects digestion nutrient metabolism are governed by intestinal microbiota. Research on teleosts has responded relatively slowly to introduction massively parallel sequencing procedures microbiomics. Nonetheless, progress been made biotic gnotobiotic zebrafish models, defining core microbiome describing its development. However, research other teleost species, especially those important from an aquaculture perspective, slow. this review, we examine date. We discuss microbiomes health disease, ontogeny, prospects for successful manipulation (especially setting) attempt identify future themes. predict explosion sector line increasing global demand fish protein, need find sustainable approaches improve yield. The reduced cost ease next generation technologies provides technological backing, 10 years will be exciting time research.

Язык: Английский

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Administration of Lactobacillus helveticus NS8 improves behavioral, cognitive, and biochemical aberrations caused by chronic restraint stress

Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 310, С. 561 - 577

Опубликована: Сен. 26, 2015

Язык: Английский

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Biological embedding of childhood adversity: from physiological mechanisms to clinical implications

BMC Medicine, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Июль 10, 2017

Adverse psychosocial exposures in early life, namely experiences such as child maltreatment, caregiver stress or depression, and domestic community violence, have been associated epidemiological studies with increased lifetime risk of adverse outcomes, including diabetes, heart disease, cancers, psychiatric illnesses. Additional work has shed light on the potential molecular mechanisms by which adversity becomes “biologically embedded” altered physiology across body systems. This review surveys evidence calls researchers, clinicians, policymakers, other practitioners to act upon evidence. Childhood wide-ranging effects neural, endocrine, immune, metabolic physiology. Molecular broadly implicate disruption central neural networks, neuroendocrine dysregulation, chronic inflammation, among changes. Physiological predisposes individuals common diseases life course. Reviewed important implications for clinical practice, biomedical research, sectors relevant public health wellbeing. Warranted changes include screening children adults, scale-up effective interventions, policy advocacy, ongoing research develop new evidence-based response strategies.

Язык: Английский

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Central Nervous System Control of Gastrointestinal Motility and Secretion and Modulation of Gastrointestinal Functions

Comprehensive physiology, Год журнала: 2014, Номер unknown, С. 1339 - 1368

Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2014

Although the gastrointestinal (GI) tract possesses intrinsic neural plexuses that allow a significant degree of autonomy over GI functions, central nervous system (CNS) provides extrinsic inputs regulate, modulate, and control these functions. While intestines are capable functioning in absence inputs, stomach esophagus much more dependent upon particularly from parasympathetic sympathetic pathways. The exerts predominantly inhibitory effect muscle tonic influence mucosal secretion while, at same time, regulates blood flow via neurally mediated vasoconstriction. system, contrast, both excitatory gastric intestinal tone motility. functions controlled by autonomic occur, large, independently conscious perception, it is clear higher CNS centers homeostatic as well cognitive behavioral This review will describe basic circuitry to major nuclei innervate modulate activity role CNS-centered reflexes regulation be discussed modulation under physiological pathophysiological conditions. Finally, future directions within field terms important questions remain resolved advances technology may help provide answers. © 2014 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 4:1339-1368, 2014.

Язык: Английский

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