Anxiety, Depression, and the Microbiome: A Role for Gut Peptides

Neurotherapeutics, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 15(1), С. 36 - 59

Опубликована: Ноя. 13, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Exercise-induced stress behavior, gut-microbiota-brain axis and diet: a systematic review for athletes

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2016

Fatigue, mood disturbances, under performance and gastrointestinal distress are common among athletes during training competition. The psychosocial physical demands intense exercise can initiate a stress response activating the sympathetic-adrenomedullary hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axes, resulting in release of catabolic hormones, inflammatory cytokines microbial molecules. gut is home to trillions microorganisms that have fundamental roles many aspects human biology, including metabolism, endocrine, neuronal immune function. microbiome its influence on host behavior, intestinal barrier function believed be critical aspect brain-gut axis. Recent evidence murine models shows there high correlation between emotional changes microbiota composition. For instance, induced exercise-stress decreased cecal levels Turicibacter spp increased Ruminococcus gnavus, which well defined mucus degradation function.Diet known dramatically modulate composition microbiota. Due considerable complexity responses elite (from leaky catabolism depression), defining standard diet regimes difficult. However, some preliminary experimental data obtained from studies using probiotics prebiotics show interesting results, indicating acts like an endocrine organ (e.g. secreting serotonin, dopamine or other neurotransmitters) may control HPA axis athletes. What troubling dietary recommendations for primarily based low consumption plant polysaccharides, associated with reduced diversity functionality less synthesis byproducts such as short chain fatty acids neurotransmitters). As more suffer psychological conditions linked gut, targeting therapeutically need incorporated athletes’ diets take into consideration fiber taxa not currently present athlete’s gut.

Язык: Английский

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The microbiome: A key regulator of stress and neuroinflammation

Neurobiology of Stress, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 4, С. 23 - 33

Опубликована: Март 5, 2016

There is a growing emphasis on the relationship between complexity and diversity of microorganisms that inhabit our gut (human gastrointestinal microbiota) health/disease, including brain health disorders central nervous system. The microbiota-gut-brain axis dynamic matrix tissues organs brain, glands, gut, immune cells microbiota communicate in complex multidirectional manner to maintain homeostasis. Changes this environment can lead broad spectrum physiological behavioural effects hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activation, altered activity neurotransmitter systems function. While an appropriate, co-ordinated response, such as or stress response are necessary for survival, dysfunctional be detrimental host contributing development number CNS disorders. In review, involvement stress-mediated immune-mediated modulation neuroendocrine, consequential behaviour considered. We also focus mechanisms by which commensal regulate neuroinflammation further aim exploit understanding their role stress-related consequence neuroinflammatory processes.

Язык: Английский

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Bifidobacteria exert strain‐specific effects on stress‐related behavior and physiology in BALB/c mice

Neurogastroenterology & Motility, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 26(11), С. 1615 - 1627

Опубликована: Сен. 24, 2014

Abstract Background Accumulating evidence suggests that commensal bacteria consumption has the potential to have a positive impact on stress‐related psychiatric disorders. However, specific influencing behaviors related anxiety and depression remain unclear. To this end, we compared effects of two different B ifidobacteria depression‐like behavior; an antidepressant was also used as comparator. Methods Innately anxious BALB /c mice received daily ifidobacterium longum (B.) 1714, . breve 1205, escitalopram or vehicle treatment for 6 weeks. Behavior assessed in stress‐induced hyperthermia test, marble burying, elevated plus maze, open field, tail suspension forced swim test. Physiological responses acute stress were assessed. Key Results Both reduced burying test; however, only 1714 decreased hyperthermia. 1205 induced lower maze whereas antidepressant‐like behavior there no difference corticosterone levels between groups. Conclusions & Inferences These data show these strains mouse strain. results suggest each bacterial strain intrinsic may be beneficially given disorder. findings strengthen role gut microbiota supplementation psychobiotic‐based strategies brain‐gut axis disorders, opening new avenues field neurogastroenterology.

Язык: Английский

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Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Modulator of Host Metabolism and Appetite

Journal of Nutrition, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 147(5), С. 727 - 745

Опубликована: Март 29, 2017

Язык: Английский

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The gut microbiome and diet in psychiatry

Current Opinion in Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 28(1), С. 1 - 6

Опубликована: Ноя. 20, 2014

Purpose of review With depressive disorders the leading source disability globally, identification new targets for prevention and management is imperative. A rapidly emerging field research suggests that microbiome–gut–brain axis substantial relevance to mood behaviour. Similarly, unhealthy diet has recently emerged as a significant correlate risk factor depression. This provides evidence gut microbiota key mediating link between illness. Recent findings The development technologies affording better understanding how influences composition activity this may, in turn, influence New interventions are also suggesting possible utility pre probiotic formulations fermented food influencing mental health. Summary Although its early stages, focused on human microbiome an important role brain development, behaviour humans. recognition interacts bidirectionally with other environmental factors, such stress, promise targeting treatment common health disorders.

Язык: Английский

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The impact of human activities and lifestyles on the interlinked microbiota and health of humans and of ecosystems

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 627, С. 1018 - 1038

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2018

Plants, animals and humans, are colonized by microorganisms (microbiota) transiently exposed to countless others. The microbiota affects the development function of essentially all organ systems, contributes adaptation evolution, while protecting against pathogenic toxins. Genetics lifestyle factors, including diet, antibiotics other drugs, exposure natural environment, affect composition microbiota, which influences host health through modulation interrelated physiological systems. These include immune system regulation, metabolic endocrine pathways, brain epigenetic modification genome. Importantly, parental microbiotas have transgenerational impacts on progeny. Humans, plants share similar relationships with microbes. Research paradigms from humans mammals, amphibians, insects, planktonic crustaceans demonstrate influence environmental microbial ecosystems organisms, indicate links between internal diversity good health. Therefore, overlapping compositions, interconnected roles microbes in human, animal plant should be considered within broader context terrestrial aquatic that challenged human agricultural industrial activities. Here, we propose research priorities organizational, educational administrative measures will help identify safe microbe-associated health-promoting modalities practices. In spirit an expanding version "One health" includes its relation cultures habits (EcoHealth), urge lifestyle-microbiota-human nexus taken into account societal decision making.

Язык: Английский

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Stress and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis in Visceral Pain: Relevance to Irritable Bowel Syndrome

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 22(2), С. 102 - 117

Опубликована: Дек. 10, 2015

Summary Visceral pain is a global term used to describe originating from the internal organs of body, which affects significant proportion population and common feature functional gastrointestinal disorders ( FGID s) such as irritable bowel syndrome IBS ). While multifactorial, with no single etiology completely explain disorder, many patients also experience comorbid behavioral disorders, anxiety or depression; thus, described disorder gut–brain axis. Stress implicated in development exacerbation visceral disorders. Chronic stress can modify central circuitry, well change motility permeability throughout GI ) tract. More recently, role gut microbiota bidirectional communication along axis, subsequent changes behavior, has emerged. Thus, interact through complementary opposing factors influence nociceptive behaviors. This review will highlight evidence by regulation nociception. We focus on mechanisms affect response outcomes an emphasis pain.

Язык: Английский

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Irritable bowel syndrome: A microbiome-gut-brain axis disorder?

World Journal of Gastroenterology, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 20(39), С. 14105 - 14105

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2014

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is an extremely prevalent but poorly understood gastrointestinal disorder.Consequently, there are no clear diagnostic markers to help diagnose the disorder and treatment options limited management of symptoms.The concept a dysregulated gut-brain axis has been adopted as suitable model for disorder.The gut microbiome may play important role in onset exacerbation symptoms extensively studied this context.Although causal cannot yet be inferred from clinical studies which have attempted characterise microbiota IBS, they do confirm alterations both community stability diversity.Moreover, it reliably demonstrated that manipulation can influence key symptoms, including abdominal pain habit, other prominent features IBS.A variety strategies taken study these interactions, probiotics, antibiotics, faecal transplantations use germ-free animals.There mechanisms through produce effects, humoral neural.Taken together, findings firmly establish critical node one amenable therapeutic interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Health Effects and Sources of Prebiotic Dietary Fiber

Current Developments in Nutrition, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 2(3), С. nzy005 - nzy005

Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2018

Prebiotic dietary fibers act as carbon sources for primary and secondary fermentation pathways in the colon, support digestive health many ways. Fructooligosaccharides, inulin, galactooligosaccharides are universally agreed-upon prebiotics. The objective of this paper is to summarize 8 most prominent benefits prebiotic that due their fermentability by colonic microbiota, well categories these benefits. Although not all exhibit similar effects human studies, promote fermentability. Scientific regulatory definitions prebiotics differ greatly, although compounds uniformly agreed upon be gut microbiota. evidence suggests related metabolism taxa.

Язык: Английский

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