Analysis of Heavy Metal Impacts on Cereal Crop Growth and Development in Contaminated Soils

Agriculture, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(10), С. 1983 - 1983

Опубликована: Окт. 12, 2023

The impact of heavy metal presence in soil on cereal crops is a growing concern, posing significant challenges to global food security and environmental sustainability. Cereal crops, vital sources nutrition, face the risk contamination with toxic metals released into environment through human activities. This paper explores key aspects requiring thorough investigation foster innovation understand intricate interactions between cereals. Visible symptoms physiological changes resulting from contamination, such as chlorosis stunted growth, demand further research devise targeted mitigation strategies sustainable agricultural practices. Root barrier formation, mycorrhizal symbiosis, metal-binding proteins emerge critical defence mechanisms for combating stress, offering opportunities developing metal-tolerant varieties. Research bioavailability safety implications grains safeguard health. reveals that multidisciplinary collaboration cutting-edge technologies are essential promoting beyond state art elucidating mitigating impacts crops. Genetic breeding approaches show promise varieties, while agronomic practices amendments can reduce toxicity. Unravelling complex underlying uptake tolerance agriculture worldwide Embracing pollution proactive secure resilient future amid evolving conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Comprehensive journey from past to present to future about seed priming with hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen sulfide concerning drought, temperature, UV and ozone stresses- a review

Plant and Soil, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 500(1-2), С. 351 - 373

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized from Carya illinoinensis leaf extract on growth and antioxidant properties of mustard (Brassica juncea)

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2023

The sustainability of crop production is impacted by climate change and land degradation, the advanced application nanotechnology paramount importance to overcome this challenge. development nanomaterials based on essential nutrients like zinc could serve as a basis for nanofertilizers nanocomposite synthesis broader agricultural applications quality human nutrition. Therefore, study aimed synthesize oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using pecan (Carya illinoinensis) leaf extract investigate their effect growth, physiology, nutrient content, antioxidant properties mustard (Brassica juncea).The ZnO NPs were characterized UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR). Mustard plants subjected different concentrations ZnONPs (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 200 mg L-1) during vegetative growth stage.The spectra revealed absorption maxima at 362 nm FTIR identified numerous functional groups that are responsible capping stabilizing NPs. DLS analysis presented monodispersed 84.5 size highly negative zeta potential (-22.4 mV). Overall, enhanced chlorophyll content (by 53 %), relative water 46 shoot biomass, membrane stability 54 %) net photosynthesis significantly in dose-dependent manner. In addition, supplement augmented K, Fe, Zn flavonoid contents well reactive oxygen species increasing capacity leaves up 97 %.In conclusion, can be potentially used plant stimulant novel soil amendment enhancing yields. Besides, biofortification B. juncea with helps improve nutritional perhaps potentiates its pharmaceutical effects.

Язык: Английский

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Microbial-assisted alleviation of chromium toxicity in plants: A critical review

Plant Stress, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11, С. 100394 - 100394

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2024

Soil contamination with chromium (Cr) is a serious and burgeoning environmental problem. The infiltration of excess Cr into the food chain causes number human health issues, including respiratory disorders, cardiovascular diseases, renal failure, several types cancer. pollution can be contained by different physical, chemical, biological remediation approaches. Physical chemical methods are costly hazardous to environment as they cause secondary pollution. Biological approaches such bioremediation that employ plants (phytoremediation) microbes eco-friendly, efficient, cost-effective. Nonetheless, conventional phytoremediation encounters limitations in large-scale use due restricted pool hyperaccumulator plant species, slow growth rate, limited biomass production, plant-contaminant specificity, contaminant-mediated oxidative stress plants. Interestingly, bacteria fungi have potential survive thrive under extreme conditions. Plant growth-promoting (PGPB) utilize siderophores, organic acids, biosurfactants, redox mechanisms, biomethylation convert metals soluble bioavailable forms. Further, these involved synthesizing phytohormones 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase, acquisition iron, nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, which improve biomass, thereby aiding phytoremediation. This literature review encompasses breadth research conducted over preceding decade, underscoring contemporary remedial primary focus on crucial role facilitating Cr. Moreover, this spotlights underlying mechanisms microbe-assisted betterment grown Cr-contaminated soils.

Язык: Английский

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Salt stress proteins in plants: An overview

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2022

Salinity stress is considered the most devastating abiotic for crop productivity. Accumulating different types of soluble proteins has evolved as a vital strategy that plays central regulatory role in growth and development plants subjected to salt stress. In last two decades, efforts have been undertaken critically examine genome structure functions transcriptome salinity Although genomics transcriptomics studies indicate physiological biochemical alterations plants, it do not reflect changes amount type corresponding gene expression at level. addition, are more reliable determinant tolerance than simple they play major roles shaping traits salt-tolerant phenotypes. However, little information available on stress-responsive their possible modes action conferring tolerance. complete proteome profile under normal or conditions established yet any model plant species. Similarly, set low abundant key identified. Furthermore, insufficient post-translational modifications available. Therefore, recent past, focused exploring protein stress, which will complement genomic, transcriptomic, understanding mechanism plants. This review profiling provide synthesis updated literature about how regulates various involved mechanism. also highlights reports regulation using transgenic approaches with enhanced crops.

Язык: Английский

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Effect of salinity on growth and biochemical responses of brinjal varieties: implications for salt tolerance and antioxidant mechanisms

BMC Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2024

Abstract Salinity poses significant challenges to agricultural productivity, impacting crops’ growth, morphology and biochemical parameters. A pot experiment of three months was conducted between February April 2023 in the Department Botany, The Islamia University Bahawalpur. Four brinjal (eggplant) varieties: ICS-BR-1351, HBR-313-D, HBR-314-E, HBR-334-D were selected assessed for effects salinity on various growth attributes. completely randomized design with replicates each. This study revealed that increased significantly reduced shoot length, root leaf number across all varieties, maximum adverse observed at a 300mM NaCl concentration. Among tested ICS-BR-1351 demonstrated superior performance most parameters, suggesting potential salt tolerance. Biochemically, decreased chlorophyll content sharpest decline highest V4 (HBR-334-D) showed 57% decrease followed by V3 (HBR-314-E) 56%, V2 (HBR-313-D) 54%, V1 (ICS-BR-1351) 33% levels as compared control. Conversely, carotenoid up -42.11% -81.48%, -94.11%, − 233% stress respective controls. has value carotenoids while lowest other varieties. In addition pigments, indicated salinity-induced total proteins soluble sugar, whereas amino acids flavonoids increased. Total (49.46%) (36.44%), (53.42%), (53.79%) concentration plants treated tap water only. Whereas, sugars 52.07% V3, 41.53% V2, 19.49% V1, 18.99% level. While discussing acid, -9.64% increase (-31.10%), (-36.62%), (-22.61%) high comparison Plant flavonoid (-15.61%), (-19.03%), (-18.27%) (-27.85%) Notably, elevated anthocyanin, lycopene, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O ) Antioxidant enzymes like peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase also under stress, an adaptive response combat oxidative damage. However, shown anthocyanin -80.00%, lycopene -24.81%, MDA -168.04%, -24.22%, POD -10.71%, CAT as-36.63 SOD -99.14% control enhanced accumulation antioxidants protective compounds suggests mechanism salt-induced stress. tolerance different varieties principal component analysis (PCA), order > (HBR-334-D), (HBR-314-E). studied, resilience against saline conditions, potentially offering promising candidate saline-prone areas.

Язык: Английский

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Synergistic interplay between melatonin and hydrogen sulfide enhances cadmium-induced oxidative stress resistance in stock ( Matthiola incana L.)

Plant Signaling & Behavior, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2024

Ornamental crops particularly cut flowers are considered sensitive to heavy metals (HMs) induced oxidative stress condition. Melatonin (MLT) is a versatile phytohormone with the ability mitigate abiotic stresses in plants. Similarly, signaling molecules such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) have emerged potential options for resolving HMs related problems The mechanisms underlying combined application of MLT and H2S not yet explored. Therefore, we evaluated individual applications (100 μM) form sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), donor H2S, (1.5 mM) alleviate cadmium (Cd) (50 mg L−1) stock (Matthiola incana L.) plants by measuring various morpho-physiological biochemical characteristics. results depicted that Cd-stress inhibited growth, photosynthesis Cd-associated excessive ROS accumulation. Combined efficiently recovered all these attributes. Furthermore, Cd stress-induced markers including electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, peroxide partially reversed Cd-stressed application. This might be attributed or antioxidant plant defense activities, which effectively reduce severity indicators. Overall, supplementation, favorably regulated tolerance stock; yet, use had greater effect on than independent

Язык: Английский

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Mineral accumulation, relative water content and gas exchange are the main physiological regulating mechanisms to cope with salt stress in barley

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2024

Abstract Salinity has become a major environmental concern for agricultural lands, leading to decreased crop yields. Hence, plant biology experts aim genetically improve barley’s adaptation salinity stress by deeply studying the effects of salt and responses barley this stress. In context, our study aims explore variation in physiological biochemical five Tunisian spring genotypes during heading phase. Two treatments were induced using 100 mM NaCl (T1) 250 (T2) irrigation water. Significant phenotypic variations detected among response Plants exposed showed an important decline all studied parameters namely, gas exchange, ions concentration relative water content RWC. The observed decreases concentrations ranged from, approximately, 6.64% 40.76% K + , 5.91% 43.67% Na 14.12% 52.38% Ca 2+ 15.22% 38.48% Mg across different levels. However, under conditions, proline soluble sugars increased with average increase 1.6 times 1.4 concentration. Furthermore, MDA levels rose also genotypes, biggest rise Lemsi genotype (114.27% compared control). Ardhaoui Rihane higher photosynthetic activity other treatments. stepwise regression approach identified potassium content, /Na ratio, stomatal conductance SPAD measurement as predominant traits thousand kernel weight (R2 = 84.06), suggesting their significant role alleviating barley. Overall, at stage, accumulation irrigated soils saline significantly influences growth influencing exchange parameters, mineral composition genotype-dependent manner. These results will serve on elucidating genetic mechanisms underlying these facilitate targeted improvements barley's tolerance

Язык: Английский

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Understanding salinity stress responses in sorghum: exploring genotype variability and salt tolerance mechanisms

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2024

Salinity, a significant abiotic stressor, adversely affects global plant growth. To address this, monitoring genetic diversity within species germplasm for salt tolerance traits is vital. This study investigates the responses of ten sorghum genotypes to varying stress levels (control, 60 mM NaCl, and 120 NaCl), aiming assess diversity. Using randomized complete block design with three replications split-plot arrangement, treatments were assigned main plots, placed in sub-plots. Physiological attributes, including photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, CO 2 concentration, leaf area index, chlorophyll concentrations, antioxidant enzyme activity, measured during 50% flowering stage. Fresh forage yield was evaluated at early dough stage, while dry sodium/potassium concentrations determined post-drying. Salinity induced 10–23% 21–47% reductions fresh respectively, across genotypes. Forage also declined by 11–33% NaCl 30–58% NaCl. Increased oxidative markers, proline, soluble carbohydrates, activity accompanied salinity. Genotypes exhibited diverse responses, Payam showing notable indicators Pegah GS4 demonstrated robust osmoregulation. In indices, Sepideh excelled outperformed high Our findings highlight importance combating stress, managing water-related maintaining ionic homeostasis sorghum’s resilience. Key like K/Na ratio, MDA, MSI, SOD, proline effectively differentiate between tolerant sensitive genotypes, offering valuable insights breeding. Salt-tolerant exhibit stable photosynthesis, improved function, membrane integrity through efficient osmotic regulation activity. capability enables them sustain performance, minimizing final product loss. The results suggest cultivating salt-tolerant saline areas increased sustainable production, emerging as promising candidates further testing salt-affected environments obtain reliable data.

Язык: Английский

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Antioxidant Agriculture for Stress-Resilient Crop Production: Field Practice

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(2), С. 164 - 164

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2024

Oxidative stress, resulting from the excessive production of reactive oxygen species, is a common and major cause cellular damage in plants exposed to various abiotic stresses. To address this challenge, we introduce concept antioxidant agriculture as comprehensive strategy improve stress tolerance thus crop productivity by minimizing oxidative levels field environment. This encompasses diverse range approaches, including genetic engineering, exogenous application agents, microbial inoculation, agronomic practices, reinforce plant’s intrinsic defense system mitigate stress. We present recent successful studies measures that have been validated conditions, along with our perspective on achieving agriculture.

Язык: Английский

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