Colored textiles based on noniridescent structural color of ZnS@SiO2 colloidal crystals for daytime passive radiative cooling

Chemical Engineering Journal, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 475, С. 146431 - 146431

Опубликована: Окт. 4, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Applying global warming levels of emergence to highlight the increasing population exposure to temperature and precipitation extremes

Earth System Dynamics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(3), С. 589 - 605

Опубликована: Май 3, 2024

Abstract. The swift and ongoing rise of global temperatures over the past decades led to an increasing number climate variables showing statistically significant changes compared their pre-industrial state. Determining when these signals emerge from noise internal variability (i.e., estimating time emergence, ToE) is crucial for risk assessments adaptation planning. However, robustly disentangling signal represents a challenging task. While projections are communicated increasingly frequently through warming levels (GWLs), ToE usually still expressed in terms horizons. Here, we present framework derive emergence (GWLoE) using five single-model initial-condition large ensembles (SMILEs) apply it four selected temperature precipitation indices. We show that concept GWLoE particularly promising constrain proves viable tool communicate scientific results. find > 85 % population exposed emerged nighttime at GWL 1.5 °C, 95 2.0 °C. Daily maximum follows similar yet less pronounced path. Emerged mean extreme start appearing current GWLs increase steadily with further (∼ 10 °C). Related probability ratios occurrence extremes indicate strong widespread saturation (extremes relative historical conditions occur every year) reached below 2.5 °C (sub)tropical regions. These results critical period action as fraction additional substantially increases adverse effects on human wellbeing.

Язык: Английский

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Interactive influence of ENSO and IOD on contiguous heatwaves in Australia

Environmental Research Letters, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 17(1), С. 014004 - 014004

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2021

Abstract Australian heatwaves have a significant impact on society. Most previous studies focus understanding them in terms of frequency, duration, intensity, and timing. However, the spatial characteristics heatwaves, particularly those occurring contiguous regions at same time (here referred to as heatwaves), is still largely unexplored. Here, we analyse changes Australia during 1958–2020 using observational data. Our results show that extremely large are covering significantly larger areas getting longer recent period (1989/90–2019/20) compared historical (1958/59–1988/89). We also investigated association with interactions El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) multi-member ensemble physical climate model. found areal magnitude, total area, median maximum area higher (lower) strong Niño (E s ), co-occurring IOD positive -IP moderate m ) (co-occurring La Niña negative (L -IN )) seasons relative neutral (where both ENSO phase). During E , seasons, large-scale mechanisms characterised by anticyclonic highs over southeast cyclonic lows northwest Australia, favouring occurrence intensification Australia. These provide insights into driving

Язык: Английский

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Population Exposure Changes to Mean and Extreme Climate Events Over Pakistan and Associated Mechanisms

GeoHealth, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 7(10)

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2023

The increasing prevalence of warmer trends and climate extremes exacerbate the population's exposure to urban settlements. This work investigated population changes mean extreme events in different Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZs) Pakistan associated mechanisms (1979-2020). Spatiotemporal temperatures revealed significant warming mainly over northern, northeastern, southern AEZs. In contrast, mean-to-extreme precipitation showed non-uniform patterns with a increase northeast Population (extreme) temperature increased two-fold during 2000-2020. AEZs settlements (i.e., Indus Delta, Northern Irrigated Plain, Barani/Rainfall) show maximum about 70-100 × 106 (person-days) reference period (1979-1999), which increases 140-200 person-days recent (2000-2020). addition, highest days also 40-200 2000-2020 than 1979-1999 (20-100 106) person-days. Relative are large (60%-90%) for across Pakistan, justifying spatial these zones. Overall, observed primarily attributed effect (50%) most except Plain R10 R20 events, where interaction takes lead. rapidly major could be more vulnerable due rapid urbanization growth near future.

Язык: Английский

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Spatiotemporal Distribution of Heatwave Hazards in the Chinese Mainland for the Period 1990–2019

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 20(2), С. 1532 - 1532

Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2023

Heatwaves occur frequently in summer, severely harming the natural environment and human society. While a few long-term spatiotemporal heatwave studies have been conducted China at grid scale, their shortcomings involve discrete distribution poor continuity. We used daily data from 691 meteorological stations to obtain torridity index (TI) (HWI) datasets (0.01°) order evaluate of heatwaves Chinese mainland for period 1990-2019. The results were as follows: (1) TI values rose but with fluctuations, largest increase occurring North July. areas hazard levels medium above accounted 22.16% total, mainly eastern southern provinces China, South Tibet, East Xinjiang, Chongqing. (2) study divided into four categories according hazards. "high rapidly increasing" "low continually 8.71% 41.33% respectively. (3) "ten furnaces" top provincial capitals Zhengzhou, Nanchang, Wuhan, Changsha, Shijiazhuang, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Haikou, Chongqing, Hefei. urbanization level population aging developed further increased, continuously increasing should be fully considered.

Язык: Английский

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