Observed humidity trends in dry regions contradict climate models

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 121(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 26, 2023

Arid and semi-arid regions of the world are particularly vulnerable to greenhouse gas–driven hydroclimate change. Climate models our primary tool for projecting future that society in these must adapt to, but here, we present a concerning discrepancy between observed model-based historical trends. Over arid/semi-arid world, predominant signal all model simulations is an increase atmospheric water vapor, on average, over last four decades, association with increased vapor–holding capacity warmer atmosphere. In observations, this vapor has not happened, suggesting availability moisture satisfy demand lower reality than regions. This most clear locations year round, it also apparent more humid during arid months year. It indicates major gap understanding modeling capabilities which could have severe implications projections, including fire hazard, moving forward.

Язык: Английский

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Local moisture recycling across the globe

Hydrology and earth system sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 27(7), С. 1457 - 1476

Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2023

Abstract. Changes in evaporation over land affect terrestrial precipitation via atmospheric moisture recycling and, consequently, freshwater availability. Although global at regional and continental scales is relatively well understood, the patterns of local main variables that impact it remain unknown. We calculate ratio (LMR) as fraction evaporated precipitates within a distance 0.5∘ (typically 50 km) its source, identify correlate with globally, study model dependency. derive seasonal annual LMR using 10-year climatology (2008–2017) monthly averaged connections scale obtained from Lagrangian tracking model. find that, annually, an average 1.7 % (SD 1.1 %) returns locally, although large temporal spatial variability, peaks summer wet mountainous regions. Our results show wetness, orography, latitude, convective available potential energy, wind speed, total cloud cover clearly LMR, indicating regions little strong ascending air are particularly favourable for high LMR. Finally, we consistent between different models, yet magnitude varies. can be used to impacts changes on precipitation, implications for, example, regreening water management.

Язык: Английский

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The influence of atmospheric drivers, environmental factors, and urban land use on extreme hourly precipitation trends over the CONtiguous United States for 40 years at 4-km resolution (CONUS404)

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 969, С. 178407 - 178407

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2025

Язык: Английский

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An even drier future for the arid lands

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 121(2)

Опубликована: Дек. 29, 2023

Understanding and controlling the interaction of graphene-based materials with cell membranes is key to development graphene-enabled biomedical technologies management graphene health safety issues. Very little known about ...

Язык: Английский

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Human-induced intensification of terrestrial water cycle in dry regions of the globe

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2024

Abstract Anthropogenic climate change (ACC) strengthens the global terrestrial water cycle (TWC) through increases in annual total precipitation (PRCPTOT) over land. While increase average PRCPTOT has been attributed to ACC, it is unclear whether this equally true dry and wet regions, given difference changes between two climatic regions. Here, we show regions twice as fast of globe during 1961–2018 both observations simulations. This faster projected grow with future warming, an intensified human-induced TWC driest globe. We phenomenon can be explained by warming response rates well stronger moisture transport under ACC. Quantitative detection attribution results that no longer ACC if are excluded. From 1961–2018, observed increased 5.63%~7.39% (2.44%~2.80%) (wet) much 89% (as little 5%) The ACC-induced likely have beneficial detrimental effects on globe, simultaneously alleviating scarcity while increasing risk major flooding.

Язык: Английский

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The Relationships Between Vegetation Changes and Groundwater Table Depths for Woody Plants in the Sangong River Basin, Northwest China

Remote Sensing, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(5), С. 937 - 937

Опубликована: Март 6, 2025

Woody plants serve as crucial ecological barriers surrounding oases in arid and semi-arid regions, playing a vital role maintaining the stability supporting sustainable development of oases. However, their sparse distribution makes significant challenges accurately mapping spatial extent using medium-resolution remote sensing imagery. In this study, we utilized high-resolution Gaofen (GF-2) Landsat 5/7/8 satellite images to quantify relationship between vegetation growth groundwater table depths (GTD) typical inland river basin from 1988 2021. Our findings are follows: (1) Based on D-LinkNet model, woody was extracted with an overall accuracy (OA) 96.06%. (2) Approximately 95.33% desert areas had fractional plant coverage (FWC) values less than 10%. (3) The difference cover proved be fine indicator for delineating range desert-oasis ecotone. (4) optimal GTD Haloxylon ammodendron Tamarix ramosissima determined 5.51 m 3.36 m, respectively. Understanding is essential effective conservation water resource management regions.

Язык: Английский

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Severe and long-lasting meteorological drought events develop from precipitation deficits of mixed continental and oceanic origin

Communications Earth & Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 10, 2024

Drought is one of the most damaging hydroclimatic hazards, impacting environmental systems and socioeconomic sectors. Therefore, understanding physical mechanisms that cause drought events critical importance. Here we investigate influence oceanic continental moisture deficits on global meteorological in recent decades, utilizing a Lagrangian dispersion model to track origin precipitation leading droughts. Additionally, between 1980 2018 were segmented based three-dimension algorithm considering spatial extent, duration, magnitude events. Severe exhibit mixed contribution from both sources. This highlights importance types severe Comparative analysis across time periods shows consistent pattern dominant deficits. There no relevant decadal change contributions these deficits, which implies stability prevalence sources driving extreme These findings offer valuable insights into factors shaping evolution. Meteorological are influenced by sources, with regional variations deficit origins often displaying according results for identifying causes droughts 2018.

Язык: Английский

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Response of an obligate CAM plant to altered precipitation and competition

Plant and Soil, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Microphysical Characteristics of Summer Precipitation over the Taklamakan Desert Based on GPM-DPR Data from 2014 to 2023

Atmosphere, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(4), С. 354 - 354

Опубликована: Март 21, 2025

Precipitation events have been occurring more frequently in the hyper-arid region of Taklamakan Desert (TD) under recent climate change. However, this water-limited environment, microphysical characteristics precipitation, as well their link to rainfall intensity, remain unclear. To address this, study utilizes dual-frequency precipitation radar (DPR) data Global Measurement (GPM) satellite from 2014 2023 analyze different types (stratiform and convective) TD during summer. The results show that liquid water path (LWP) is a key factor influencing type: when LWP insufficient, stratiform likely occur (84.1%), while convective difficult (15.9%). Microphysical process analysis indicates abundant low-level moisture leads growth particles primarily through collision–coalescence (59.7%), resulting larger raindrop diameters (1.7 mm) lower concentrations (31.9 mm−1 m−3). In contrast, with limited LWP, involves melting breaking-up high-level ice-phase particles, leading smaller (1.2 higher (34.3 warm rain plays significant role formation both precipitation. greater (lesser) amount (smaller) contribution (break-up) processes, diameter intensity.

Язык: Английский

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Reconciling tracked atmospheric water flows to close the global freshwater cycle

Communications Earth & Environment, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Май 5, 2025

Abstract Atmospheric moisture flows play a vital role in the hydrological cycle, connecting evaporation sources to precipitation sinks. While high-resolution tracking models provide valuable insights, discrepancies arise comparing tracked atmospheric reanalysis data. Here we reconcile with data by means of Iterative Proportional Fitting applied UTrack dataset (averaged over 2008–2017) aggregated within countries and ocean boundaries. It corrects country-scale up 275% 225% evaporation, adjusting bilateral ~ 0.07 %, on average. The resulting ensures that total matches at sink source annually. Remarkably, this procedure can be any model output scale analysis. reconciled enhances transboundary water analysis, revealing 45% terrestrial (~1.5 ⋅ 10 5 km 3 yr −1 ) originates from land (9.8 4 ).

Язык: Английский

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