Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis and Immunometabolism: New Frontiers for Treatment of Metabolic Diseases DOI Creative Commons
José Ernesto Belizário,

Joel Faintuch,

Miguel Garay-Malpartida

и другие.

Mediators of Inflammation, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 2018, С. 1 - 12

Опубликована: Дек. 9, 2018

Maintenance of healthy human metabolism depends on a symbiotic consortium among bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi, and host eukaryotic cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Microbial communities provide enzymatic machinery metabolic pathways that contribute to food digestion, xenobiotic metabolism, production variety bioactive molecules. These include vitamins, amino acids, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), metabolites, which are essential for interconnected glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid/Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), acid metabolism. Recent studies have been elucidating how nutrients fuel processes impact ways immune cells, in particular, macrophages, respond different stimuli under physiological pathological conditions become activated acquire specialized function. The two major inflammatory phenotypes macrophages controlled through differential consumption glucose, glutamine, oxygen. M1 phenotype is triggered by polarization signal from bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Th1 proinflammatory cytokines such as interferon-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, or both, whereas M2 Th2 interleukin-4 interleukin-13 well anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10 TGFβ, glucocorticoids. Glucose utilization chemical mediators including ATP, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), NADPH support effector activities macrophages. Dysbiosis an imbalance commensal pathogenic bacteria microbial antigens metabolites. It now known gut microbiota-derived products induce low-grade activation tissue-resident degenerative diseases, diabetes, obesity, syndrome, cancer. Here, we update potential interplay microbiome dysbiosis diseases. We also summarize advances fecal therapy, probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, small molecule inhibitors pathway enzymes prophylactic therapeutic agents

Язык: Английский

Probiotics and prebiotics in intestinal health and disease: from biology to the clinic DOI
Mary Ellen Sanders, Daniel Merenstein, Gregor Reid

и другие.

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 16(10), С. 605 - 616

Опубликована: Июль 11, 2019

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

1445
The Influence of Probiotics on the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio in the Treatment of Obesity and Inflammatory Bowel disease DOI Creative Commons
Spase Stojanov, Aleš Berlec,

Borut Štrukelj

и другие.

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 8(11), С. 1715 - 1715

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2020

The two most important bacterial phyla in the gastrointestinal tract, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, have gained much attention recent years. Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio is widely accepted to an influence maintaining normal intestinal homeostasis. Increased or decreased F/B regarded as dysbiosis, whereby former usually observed with obesity, latter inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Probiotics live microorganisms can confer health benefits host when administered adequate amounts. There considerable evidence of their nutritional immunosuppressive properties including reports that elucidate association probiotics ratio, IBD. Orally contribute restoration dysbiotic microbiota prevention obesity However, effects different on differ, selecting appropriate species mixture crucial. commonly tested for modifying treating IBD are from genus Lactobacillus. In this paper, we review lead weight loss immunosuppression.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

1289
Flavonoids as Anticancer Agents DOI Open Access
Dalia M. Kopustinskienė, Valdas Jakštas,

Arūnas Savickas

и другие.

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(2), С. 457 - 457

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2020

Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds subdivided into 6 groups: isoflavonoids, flavanones, flavanols, flavonols, flavones and anthocyanidins found in a variety of plants. Fruits, vegetables, plant-derived beverages such as green tea, wine cocoa-based products the main dietary sources flavonoids. have been shown to possess wide anticancer effects: they modulate reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzyme activities, participate arresting cell cycle, induce apoptosis, autophagy, suppress cancer proliferation invasiveness. dual action regarding ROS homeostasis—they act antioxidants under normal conditions potent pro-oxidants cells triggering apoptotic pathways downregulating pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. This article reviews biochemical properties bioavailability flavonoids, their activity its mechanisms action.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

966
Gut microbiome stability and resilience: elucidating the response to perturbations in order to modulate gut health DOI
Marina Fassarella, Ellen E. Blaak, John Penders

и другие.

Gut, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 70(3), С. 595 - 605

Опубликована: Окт. 13, 2020

The human gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem, densely colonised by thousands of microbial species. It varies among individuals and depends on host genotype environmental factors, such as diet antibiotics. In this review, we focus stability resilience essential ecological characteristics the its relevance for health. Microbial diversity, metabolic flexibility, functional redundancy, microbe–microbe host–microbe interactions seem to be critical maintaining resilience. equilibrium ecosystem can disrupted perturbations, antibiotic therapy, causing significant decreases in richness diversity well impacting As consequence, unbalanced states or even unhealthy stable develop, potentially leading supporting diseases. Accordingly, strategies have been developed manipulate order prevent revert caused including faecal microbiota transplantation, supplementation with probiotics non-digestible carbohydrates, more extensive dietary modifications. Nevertheless, an increasing number studies has evidenced interindividual variability extent direction response which attributed unique each individual’s microbiome. From clinical, translational perspective, ability improve prior restore afterwards, would offer benefits. To effective, therapeutic approach will likely need personalised subgroup-based understanding individual genetics, diet, other factors that might involved.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

480
Gut Microbiota as a Trigger for Metabolic Inflammation in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes DOI Creative Commons
Torsten P. M. Scheithauer, Elena Rampanelli, Max Nieuwdorp

и другие.

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11

Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2020

The gut microbiota has been linked to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). underlying mechanisms as how intestinal may contribute T2D are only partly understood. It becomes progressively clear that is characterized by a chronic state low-grade inflammation, which insulin resistance. Here, we review current evidence microbiota, metabolites they produce, could drive resistance in T2D, possibly initiating an inflammatory response. First, will summarize major findings about immunological microbial changes these metabolic diseases. Next, give detailed view on have implicated inflammation. Lastly, critically discuss clinical studies focus interaction between immune system disease. Overall, there strong tripartite host metabolism critical partaker pathophysiology T2D.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

460
Impact of antibiotics on the human microbiome and consequences for host health DOI Creative Commons
Dhrati Patangia,

Cornelius Anthony Ryan,

Eugene Dempsey

и другие.

MicrobiologyOpen, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2022

It is well established that the gut microbiota plays an important role in host health and perturbed by several factors including antibiotics. Antibiotic-induced changes microbial composition can have a negative impact on reduced diversity, functional attributes of microbiota, formation, selection antibiotic-resistant strains making hosts more susceptible to infection with pathogens such as Clostridioides difficile. Antibiotic resistance global crisis increased use antibiotics over time warrants investigation into its effects health. In this review, we discuss adverse thus health, suggest alternative approaches antibiotic use.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

449
Impact of Diet-Modulated Butyrate Production on Intestinal Barrier Function and Inflammation DOI Open Access
Knud Erik Bach Knudsen,

Helle Nygaard Lærke,

Mette Skou Hedemann

и другие.

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 10(10), С. 1499 - 1499

Опубликована: Окт. 13, 2018

A major challenge in affluent societies is the increase disorders related to gut and metabolic health. Chronic over nutrition by unhealthy foods high energy, fat, sugar, low dietary fibre a key environmental factor responsible for this development, which may cause local systemic inflammation. intake of limiting maintaining viable diverse microbiota production short-chain fatty acids gut. suppressed butyrate crucial, as acid (SCFA) can play role not only colonic health function but also at level. At both sites, mode action through mediation signalling pathways involving nuclear NF-κB inhibition histone deacetylase. The composition modulate large intestine. While easily adjustable it more variable how influences barrier inflammatory markers periphery. effect seems generally be consistent positive on than peripheral tissue. This discrepancy explained differences concentrations compared with much lower concentration remote sites.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

434
The Intricate Relationship between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), Insulin Resistance (IR), and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) DOI Creative Commons
Daniela Maria Tănase, Evelina Maria Gosav, Claudia Florida Costea

и другие.

Journal of Diabetes Research, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 2020, С. 1 - 16

Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2020

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain as one of the most global problematic metabolic diseases with rapidly increasing prevalence incidence. Epidemiological studies noted that T2DM patients have by two-fold increase to develop NAFLD, vice versa. This complex intricate association is supported mediated insulin resistance (IR). In this review, we discuss NAFLD immunopathogenesis, connection IR T2DM, role screening noninvasive tools, mostly impact current antidiabetic drugs on steatosis new potential therapeutic targets.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

421
Diet, Gut Microbiota, and Obesity: Links with Host Genetics and Epigenetics and Potential Applications DOI Creative Commons
Amanda Cuevas‐Sierra, Omar Ramos-López, José Ignacio Riezu‐Boj

и другие.

Advances in Nutrition, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 10, С. S17 - S30

Опубликована: Окт. 30, 2018

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

392
Role of Dietary Nutrients in the Modulation of Gut Microbiota: A Narrative Review DOI Open Access
Qi Yang,

Qi Liang,

Biju Balakrishnan

и другие.

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(2), С. 381 - 381

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2020

Understanding how dietary nutrients modulate the gut microbiome is of great interest for development food products and eating patterns combatting global burden non-communicable diseases. In this narrative review we assess scientific studies published from 2005 to 2019 that evaluated effect micro- macro-nutrients on composition using in vitro vivo models, human clinical trials. The evidence micronutrients less clear generally lacking. However, preclinical suggests red wine- tea-derived polyphenols vitamin D can potentially beneficial bacteria. Current research shows consistent fibers, including arabinoxylans, galacto-oligosaccharides, inulin, oligofructose, promote a range bacteria suppress detrimental species. both quantity type fat microbes, as well Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio gut. Clinical suggest amount proteins diet has substantial differential effects microbiota. Further investigation macronutrients metabolome warranted, along with understanding influences host health.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

382