Alzheimer's disease neuropathology and its estimation with fluid and imaging biomarkers

Molecular Neurodegeneration, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 20(1)

Опубликована: Март 14, 2025

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is neuropathologically characterized by the extracellular deposition of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and intraneuronal accumulation abnormal phosphorylated tau (τ)-protein (p-τ). Most frequently, these hallmark lesions are accompanied other co-pathologies in brain that may contribute to cognitive impairment, such as vascular lesions, transactive-response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), and/or α-synuclein (αSyn) aggregates. To estimate extent AD patients, several biomarkers have been developed. Specific tracers target visualize Aβ plaques, p-τ αSyn pathology or inflammation positron emission tomography. In addition imaging biomarkers, cerebrospinal fluid, blood-based biomarker assays reflecting AD-specific non-specific processes either already clinical use development. this review, we will introduce pathological brain, related discuss what respective determined at post-mortem histopathological analysis. It became evident initial stages plaque not detected with currently available biomarkers. Interestingly, precedes deposition, especially beginning when unable detect it. Later, takes lead accelerates pathology, fitting well known evolution measures over time. Some still lack clinically established today, TDP-43 cortical microinfarcts. summary, specific for AD-related pathologies allow accurate diagnosis based on pathobiological parameters. Although current excellent pathologies, they fail which analysis required. Accordingly, neuropathological studies remain essential understand development early stages. Moreover, there an urgent need co-pathologies, limbic predominant, age-related encephalopathy-related modify interacting p-τ. Novel approaches vesicle-based cryptic RNA/peptides help better future.

Язык: Английский

Modulation of synaptic damage by Bushen Tiansui Decoction via the PI3K signaling pathway in an Alzheimer’s disease model

Digital Chinese Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 7(3), С. 284 - 293

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский