Unique Effects of (R)-Ketamine Compared to (S)-Ketamine on EEG Theta Power in Rats

Pharmaceuticals, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(2), С. 194 - 194

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

Differences in the pharmacological effects of (S)-ketamine and (R)-ketamine are at focus research. Clinical data our rat studies confirmed antidepressant effect (S)- but not (R)-ketamine, with similar differences quantitative electroencephalogram (EEG) sleep effects. In contrast, mainly on mice showed some stronger, preferable (R)-ketamine. EEG theta (5-9 Hz) rhythm originates from hippocampus, its power is associated cognitive functions, attention, decreased anxiety. To find a brain parameter that drugs may confirm potent vivo rats, power-inducing two enantiomers were measured compared for 23 h. EEG-equipped Wistar rats treated (7.5, 15, 30 mg/kg i.p.), (7.5 15 or vehicle beginning passive phase. Frontoparietal EEG, electromyogram, motor activity recorded. dose-dependently increased during wakefulness rapid eye movement (REM) These results suggest has an hippocampal function was affected by be neural plasticity memory encoding.

Язык: Английский

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Ketamine, Esketamine, and Arketamine: Their Mechanisms of Action and Applications in the Treatment of Depression and Alleviation of Depressive Symptoms

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(10), С. 2283 - 2283

Опубликована: Окт. 9, 2024

Research over the past years has compared enantiomers (S)-ketamine (esketamine) and (R)-ketamine (arketamine) of previously known racemic mixture called ketamine (R/S-ketamine). Esketamine been found to be more potent, offering three times stronger analgesic effects 1.5 greater anesthetic efficacy than arketamine. It provides smoother anesthesia with fewer side is widely used in clinical settings due its neuroprotective, bronchodilatory, antiepileptic properties. Approved by FDA EMA 2019, esketamine currently alongside SSRIs or SNRIs for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). On other hand, arketamine shown potential treating neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, possible antidepressant anti-inflammatory benefits. While already use, arketamine's future depends on further research address safety, efficacy, optimal dosing. Both hold significant value, excelling anesthesia, showing promise psychiatric treatments.

Язык: Английский

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(R)-ketamine attenuates neurodevelopmental disease-related phenotypes in a mouse model of maternal immune activation

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 273(7), С. 1501 - 1512

Опубликована: Май 30, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Beneficial and adverse effects of ketamine and its enantiomers, and the underlying mechanisms of ECT and rTMS efficacy

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 274(4), С. 755 - 757

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Effects of subanesthetic repeated esketamine infusions on memory function and NGF in patients with depression: An open-label study

Journal of Affective Disorders, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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