Abstract
Foods
that
are
produced
and
processed
locally
using
some
forms
of
traditional
knowledge
important
for
achieving
food
nutrition
security
in
Africa.
These
crops
generally
nutritious,
being
rich
essential
nutrients
bioactive
compounds
necessary
health
promotion.
Additionally,
most
African
indigenous
better
adapted
to
local
growing
conditions,
fulfil
economic
needs
highly
resistant
abiotic
climate-induced
stresses.
Hence,
the
proper
utilisation
grown
wild
foods
will
help
contribute
improvement
security,
value,
health,
income
generation
continent.
In
this
review,
we
focus
not
only
on
determinants
insecurity
Africa
but
also
discuss
scope,
nutrition,
impact
common
We
highlight
processing
methods
harnessing
value
these
foods,
as
well
farming
economic/agribusiness
practices
can
be
used
promote
cultivation
an
context.
conclusion,
reiterate
production
sustainable,
available
is
providing
long-term
There
is,
therefore,
need
empowerment
farmers
increased
investments
research
formulation
national/regional
policies
intend
reduce
with
emphasis
sustainable
systems
improved
access
available,
healthy
Plants,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
12(12), С. 2253 - 2253
Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2023
Soil
salinization
is
a
severe
abiotic
stress
that
negatively
affects
plant
growth
and
development,
leading
to
physiological
abnormalities
ultimately
threatening
global
food
security.
The
condition
arises
from
excessive
salt
accumulation
in
the
soil,
primarily
due
anthropogenic
activities
such
as
irrigation,
improper
land
uses,
overfertilization.
presence
of
Na⁺,
Cl-,
other
related
ions
soil
above
normal
levels
can
disrupt
cellular
functions
lead
alterations
essential
metabolic
processes
seed
germination
photosynthesis,
causing
damage
tissues
even
death
worst
circumstances.
To
counteract
effects
stress,
plants
have
developed
various
mechanisms,
including
modulating
ion
homeostasis,
compartmentalization
export,
biosynthesis
osmoprotectants.
Recent
advances
genomic
proteomic
technologies
enabled
identification
genes
proteins
involved
salt-tolerance
mechanisms.
This
review
provides
short
overview
impact
salinity
on
underlying
mechanisms
salt-stress
tolerance,
particularly
salt-stress-responsive
associated
with
these
aims
at
summarizing
recent
our
understanding
tolerance
providing
key
background
knowledge
for
improving
crops'
which
could
contribute
yield
quality
enhancement
major
crops
grown
under
saline
conditions
or
arid
semiarid
regions
world.
In
dry
and
semi-arid
areas,
salinity
is
the
most
serious
hazard
to
agriculture,
which
can
affect
plant
growth
development
adversely.
Over-accumulation
of
Na+
in
organs
cause
an
osmotic
effect
imbalance
nutrient
uptake.
However,
its
harmful
impact
vary
depending
on
genotype,
period
exposure
stress,
stage,
concentration
content
salt.
To
overcome
unfavorable
salinity,
plants
have
developed
two
kinds
tolerance
strategies
based
either
minimizing
entrance
salts
by
roots
or
administering
their
diffusion.Having
sufficient
knowledge
accumulation
mechanisms
understanding
function
genes
involved
transport
activity
will
present
a
new
option
enhance
vegetables
related
food
security
arid
regions.
Considerable
improvements
be
employed
for
breeding
with
boosted
yield
performance
under
salt
stress.
A
conventional
method
demands
exhaustive
research
work
crops,
while
techniques
molecular
breeding,
such
as
cutting-edge
tools
CRISPR
technology
are
now
available
economically
important
give
fair
chance
genetically
modified
organisms.Therefore,
this
review
highlights
tolerance,
various
methods
many
sources
genetic
variation
inducing
Frontiers in Plant Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2024
Salinity,
a
significant
abiotic
stressor,
adversely
affects
global
plant
growth.
To
address
this,
monitoring
genetic
diversity
within
species
germplasm
for
salt
tolerance
traits
is
vital.
This
study
investigates
the
responses
of
ten
sorghum
genotypes
to
varying
stress
levels
(control,
60
mM
NaCl,
and
120
NaCl),
aiming
assess
diversity.
Using
randomized
complete
block
design
with
three
replications
split-plot
arrangement,
treatments
were
assigned
main
plots,
placed
in
sub-plots.
Physiological
attributes,
including
photosynthetic
rate,
stomatal
conductance,
CO
2
concentration,
leaf
area
index,
chlorophyll
concentrations,
antioxidant
enzyme
activity,
measured
during
50%
flowering
stage.
Fresh
forage
yield
was
evaluated
at
early
dough
stage,
while
dry
sodium/potassium
concentrations
determined
post-drying.
Salinity
induced
10–23%
21–47%
reductions
fresh
respectively,
across
genotypes.
Forage
also
declined
by
11–33%
NaCl
30–58%
NaCl.
Increased
oxidative
markers,
proline,
soluble
carbohydrates,
activity
accompanied
salinity.
Genotypes
exhibited
diverse
responses,
Payam
showing
notable
indicators
Pegah
GS4
demonstrated
robust
osmoregulation.
In
indices,
Sepideh
excelled
outperformed
high
Our
findings
highlight
importance
combating
stress,
managing
water-related
maintaining
ionic
homeostasis
sorghum’s
resilience.
Key
like
K/Na
ratio,
MDA,
MSI,
SOD,
proline
effectively
differentiate
between
tolerant
sensitive
genotypes,
offering
valuable
insights
breeding.
Salt-tolerant
exhibit
stable
photosynthesis,
improved
function,
membrane
integrity
through
efficient
osmotic
regulation
activity.
capability
enables
them
sustain
performance,
minimizing
final
product
loss.
The
results
suggest
cultivating
salt-tolerant
saline
areas
increased
sustainable
production,
emerging
as
promising
candidates
further
testing
salt-affected
environments
obtain
reliable
data.
Agriculture,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
12(5), С. 658 - 658
Опубликована: Май 2, 2022
Sorghum
bicolor
(L.)
Moench,
one
of
the
most
important
dryland
cereal
crops,
is
moderately
tolerant
soil
salinity,
a
rapidly
increasing
agricultural
problem
due
to
inappropriate
irrigation
management
and
salt
water
intrusion
into
crop
lands
as
result
climate
change.
The
mechanisms
for
sorghum’s
tolerance
high
salinity
have
not
been
elucidated.
This
study
tested
whether
sorghum
plants
adapt
stress
via
stomatal
regulation
or
osmotic
adjustment.
were
treated
with
seven
concentrations
NaCl
(0,
20,
40,
60,
80,
100
mM).
Leaf
gas
exchange
(net
CO2
assimilation
(A),
transpiration
(Tr);
conductance
vapor
(gs),
intrinsic
use
efficiency
(WUE)),
(Ψw),
(Ψo),
turgor
Ψt
potentials
evaluated
at
40
days
after
imposition
treatments.
Plants
exhibited
decreased
A,
gs,
Tr
whereas
WUE
was
affected
by
treatment.
Additionally,
adjustment
salinity.
Thus,
appears
both
regulation.
ACS Omega,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
9(29), С. 31237 - 31253
Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2024
Soil
salinization
is
a
serious
concern
across
the
globe
that
negatively
affecting
crop
productivity.
Recently,
biochar
received
attention
for
mitigating
adverse
impacts
of
salinity.
Salinity
stress
induces
osmotic,
ionic,
and
oxidative
damages
disturb
physiological
biochemical
functioning
nutrient
water
uptake,
leading
to
reduction
in
plant
growth
development.
Biochar
maintains
function
by
increasing
uptake
reducing
electrolyte
leakage
lipid
peroxidation.
also
protects
photosynthetic
apparatus
improves
antioxidant
activity,
gene
expression,
synthesis
protein
osmolytes
hormones
counter
toxic
effect
Additionally,
soil
organic
matter,
microbial
enzymatic
activities,
reduces
accumulation
ions
(Na
Agronomy,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
13(7), С. 1698 - 1698
Опубликована: Июнь 25, 2023
Functionality
based
on
the
biological
activity
of
sorghum
such
as
antioxidant
is
known
worldwide
for
its
excellence.
In
this
study,
we
investigated
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
scavenging
activity,
total
phenolic
and
flavonoid
contents,
phenol
compounds,
changes
in
gene
expression
seed
cells
collected
from
five
countries
(Australia,
former
Soviet
Union,
USA,
Sudan,
Guadeloupe).
Sorghum
seeds
were
obtained
12
genetic
resources
(K159041,
K159042,
K159078,
K159081,
K159088,
K159089,
K159093,
K159097,
K159100,
K159096,
K159048,
K159077).
ROS
was
analyzed
using
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
(DPPH)
2,20-azinobis
3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate
(ABTS).
K159097
showed
high
values
33.52
±
0.70
μg/mL
271.06
13.41
(ABTS),
respectively.
The
reducing
power
improved
a
concentration-dependent
manner,
10
resources,
except
K159078
power.
K159042
had
highest
content
(231
2.17
mg·GAE/g),
K159081
(67.71
5.38
mg·QE/g).
Among
six
compounds
(protocatechuic
acid,
caffeic
p-coumaric
ferulic
taxifolin,
naringenin)
analyzed,
compound
with
taxifolin
(203.67
4.99
mg/L
K159093).
K159041,
K159048
levels
superoxide
dismutase
(SOD),
ascorbate
peroxidase
1
(APX1),
catalase
(CAT),
which
are
indicators
activity.
An
evaluation
diversity
provided
useful
information
physicochemical
content,
cells,
suggesting
that
can
be
used
biomaterial
natural
resources.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
71(46), С. 17570 - 17583
Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2023
Sorghum
(Sorghum
bicolor
L.)
is
one
of
the
top
five
cereal
crops
in
world
terms
production
and
planting
area
widely
grown
areas
with
severe
abiotic
stresses
such
as
drought
saline-alkali
land
due
to
its
excellent
stress
resistance.
Moreover,
sorghum
a
rare
multipurpose
crop
that
can
be
classified
into
grain
sorghum,
energy
silage
according
domestication
direction
utilization
traits,
endowing
it
broad
breeding
economic
value.
In
this
review,
we
mainly
discuss
latest
research
progress
regulatory
genes
agronomic
traits
grain,
energy,
crop,
well
future
improvement
sorghum.
We
also
emphasize
feasibility
cultivating
through
genetic
engineering
methods
by
exploring
potential
targets
using
wild
germplasm
resources,
genomic
resources.
