Effects of unburned tobacco smoke on inflammatory and oxidative mediators in the rat prefrontal cortex

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2024

Although the Food and Drug Administration has authorized marketing of “heat-not-burn” (HnB) electronic cigarettes as a modified risk tobacco product (MRTP), toxicological effects HnB smoke exposure on brain are still unexplored. Here, paramagnetic resonance prefrontal cortex (PFC) HnB-exposed rats shows dramatic increase in reactive radical species (RRS) yield coupled with an inflammatory response mediated by NF-κB-target genes including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 downregulation peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha gamma expression. The PFC higher levels 8-hydroxyguanosine, marker DNA oxidative damage, along activation antioxidant machinery repair systems, xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XPC) protein complex 8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1. also induces expression drug-metabolizing enzymes such CYP1A1, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2E, particularly involved biotransformation nicotine several carcinogenic agents aldehydes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons here recorded stick smoke. Taken together, these effects, from disruption redox homeostasis, inflammation, PPAR manipulation enhanced bioactivation neurotoxicants, upregulation cMYC protooncogene to impairment primary cellular defense mechanisms, suggest possible increased cancer. device reduces emission toxicants, our findings indicate that its consumption may carry potential adverse health especially non-smokers so far. Further studies needed fully understand long-term devices.

Язык: Английский

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HIV-1 gp120 Interactions with Nicotine Modulate Mitochondrial Network Properties and Amyloid Release in Microglia

Neurochemical Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 50(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2025

Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections remain a significant public health burden globally with infected individuals at high risk for cognitive decline and memory loss even on combination antiretroviral therapy. Almost half of HIV smoke, which drives poorer outcomes including higher dementia rate. Microglia are the brain’s immune cells that serve as persistent reservoir contributing to neuroinflammatory signaling. We examined interactions between envelope glycoprotein gp120 nicotine within human microglia (HMC3) endogenously express chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Liquid chromatography coupled electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS) shows alters mitochondria proteins HMC3 cells. In presence nicotine, increased expression mitochondrial prohibitin 2 (PHB2), cytochrome c (cyt c), mitofusin (MFN2) but decreased fission 1 (FIS1) levels. An analysis mito-YFP confirms interaction increases size branching networks. Interaction is also surprisingly found promote release amyloid precursor protein (APP) peptides from microglia. This was accompanied by visualization containing vesicles colocalized autophagy LC3B-II in cell. Taken together, our findings show impact manner regulates network properties impacts management These mechanisms may contribute understanding signaling smokers HIV.

Язык: Английский

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Potential roles for microglia in drug addiction: Adolescent neurodevelopment and beyond

Journal of Neuroimmunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 578600 - 578600

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Effects of Cigarette Smoking and 3‐Day Smoking Abstinence on Translocator Protein 18 kDa Availability: A [¹⁸F]FEPPA Positron Emission Tomography Study

Addiction Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 30(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

ABSTRACT With the many negative health consequences of cigarette smoking, quitting is known to improve in multiple domains. Using positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scanning, our group previously demonstrated that smokers have lower levels than nonsmokers translocator protein binding both acutely and following overnight abstinence. Here, we sought determine effects longer smoking abstinence on this marker gliosis for microglia astroglia, as well explore associations between smoking‐related symptoms. This observational study was performed an academic VA medical centre. Fifty‐nine generally healthy Veterans who were either ( n = 15) or 44) participated study. Participants completed intake visit evaluate inclusion/exclusion criteria, [ 18 F]FEPPA PET/CT scanning a structural magnetic resonance imaging scan. Smokers alternately assigned smoke satiety 24) before undergo three nights continuous prior using contingency management 20 protocol scanning). The smoker had significantly mean whole brain (WB) standardized uptake value (SUV) nonsmoking (−15.3%) abstinent (−12.3%) groups. control groups WB SUVs not different from one another (3.0% difference). In exploratory analysis, significant inverse relationship found mood ratings smokers, indicating higher TSPO associated with worse mood. central findings here support previous studies demonstrating satiated imply normalization elimination constituents body, although other explanations results (e.g., alterations radioligand delivery clearance by constituents) are possible. These may represent unknown benefit smoking.

Язык: Английский

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Nonneuronal contributions to synaptic function

Neuron, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Promising immunomodulators for management of substance and alcohol use disorders

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(7), С. 867 - 884

Опубликована: Май 2, 2024

Introduction The neuroimmune system has emerged as a novel target for the treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs), with immunomodulation producing encouraging therapeutic benefits in both preclinical and clinical settings.

Язык: Английский

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Nicotine is an immunosuppressant: Implications for Women's health and disease

Journal of Neuroimmunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 397, С. 578468 - 578468

Опубликована: Окт. 20, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Ion channels in macrophages: Implications for disease progression

International Immunopharmacology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 144, С. 113628 - 113628

Опубликована: Ноя. 19, 2024

Язык: Английский

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