Mouthwash Effects on the Oral Microbiome: Are They Good, Bad, or Balanced?

International Dental Journal, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 73, С. S74 - S81

Опубликована: Окт. 17, 2023

This narrative review describes the oral microbiome, and its role in health disease, before considering impact of commonly used over-the-counter (OTC) mouthwashes on bacteria, viruses, bacteriophages, fungi that make up these microbial communities different niches mouth. Whilst certain have proven antimicrobial actions clinical effectiveness supported by robust evidence, this reports more recent metagenomics suggesting such as chlorhexidine may cause "dysbiosis," whereby species bacteria are killed, leaving others, sometimes unwanted, to predominate. There is little known about effects viruses context microbiome (virome) vivo, despite evidence they "kill" viral pathogens ex vivo. Evidence for mouthwashes, much like antibiotics, also emerging with regards resistance, should further be considered their widespread use clinicians patients. Therefore, potential currently available OTC alter article finally proposes ideal mouthwash, whilst combatting "balance" communities, especially those associated health. Which mouthwash best fits remains uncertain.

Язык: Английский

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Antimicrobial Mouthwashes: An Overview of Mechanisms—What Do We Still Need to Know?

International Dental Journal, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 73, С. S64 - S68

Опубликована: Окт. 17, 2023

This narrative literature review is the first in a 6-section supplement on role of mouthwashes oral care. introduction briefly summarises current knowledge antimicrobial mechanisms, relating to some most common over-the-counter mouthwash products available worldwide: chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide, cetylpyridinium chloride, povidone iodine, and essential oils. The aim this article describe how "kill" pathogenic microbes when used adjunctively thus provide basis for their widespread use manage key diseases, namely caries, gingivitis, periodontal disease. therefore sets scene subsequent, more detailed exploration regarding clinical effectiveness, impact microbiome, possible effects systemic health as well natural alternatives future directions. Other than effectiveness (for certain agents) mouthwashes, many topics there remains insufficient evidence systematic or formulation robust national guidelines. supplement, therefore, compiled by an international task team, aimed at general dental practitioners across globe, easy-to-read guide helping advise patients based best evidence.

Язык: Английский

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The Relationships Among Periodontitis, Pneumonia and COVID-19

Frontiers in Oral Health, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 2

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2022

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the supporting structures teeth that affects approximately half adults 30 years and older. There increasing interest in direct indirect relationships between periodontitis systemic diseases, including respiratory diseases. The aim this study was to assess evidence on links among periodontitis, pneumonia, COVID-19. Oral periodontal bacteria may be linked directly by aspiration pathogens into lungs causing pneumonia. As SARS-CoV-2 began spread worldwide 2020, questions have arisen how also connected infection severity, potential replication dissemination virus from pockets. Some proposed mechanisms include oral cavity acting as reservoir or point entry for SARS-CoV-2, overgrowth pathogens, increased production proinflammatory cytokines. Due infections like pneumonia hygiene management remain essential help reduce transmission SARS-CoV-2.

Язык: Английский

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Preprocedural mouthwashes for infection control in dentistry—an update

Clinical Oral Investigations, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 27(S1), С. 33 - 44

Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2023

Aerosols and splatter are routinely generated in dental practice can be contaminated by potentially harmful bacteria or viruses such as SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, preprocedural mouthwashes containing antiseptic agents have been proposed a potential measure for infection control practice. This review article aims to summarize the clinical (and, if insufficient, preclinical) evidence on draw conclusions practitioners.Literature reduction of bacterial viral load aerosols was searched summarized.Preprocedural mouthwashes, particularly those chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), essential oils (EO), significantly reduce aerosols. With respect HSV-1, there too little data any clear recommendations. On other hand, is consolidating that CPC-containing temporarily intraoral infectivity SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals. Nevertheless, risks side effects due regular use ecological adaptation need considered.The antiseptics recommended according currently available data, but further studies needed, besides When selecting specific antiseptic, biggest basis exists CHX, CPC, EO, combinations thereof.Preprocedural serve part bundle measures protection personnel despite some remaining ambiguities view effects.

Язык: Английский

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Antiviral effect of silver nanoparticles against Influenza A: a systematic review of in vitro and in vivo studies

Future Virology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 8

Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Aerosol in the oral health-care setting: a misty topic

Clinical Oral Investigations, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 27(S1), С. 23 - 32

Опубликована: Май 10, 2023

Abstract Studies have shown that mouth and respiratory tract microorganisms can be transported in aerosol spatter. Due to aerosol-generating procedures, there are potentially various infection risks for patients those working health care, especially oral care. Dental contaminate not only the mucous membranes of health-care professional’s mouth, passages, eyes but also exposed surfaces materials environment. As such, preventing disease transmission within offices is important issue. Since start COVID-19 pandemic, an innumerable amount (mis)information advice on how stay safe prevent spread coronavirus has been published. What preventive measures taken counteract this, what we learned during pandemic? This review summarizes relevant literature addressed presence dispersal spatter as a concern It includes sources dental aerosol, their potential threats, strategies controlling mitigating impact. shows further research needed better understand develop effective them. Clinical relevance Using personal protective equipment, high-volume evacuation systems pre-procedural antimicrobial agents help reduce settings protect well-being workers patients.

Язык: Английский

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Revisiting Oral Antiseptics, Microorganism Targets and Effectiveness

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(9), С. 1332 - 1332

Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2023

A good oral health status is mostly dependent on hygiene habits, which knowingly impacts systemic health. Although controversial, chemical antiseptics can be useful in adjunct use to mechanical dental plaque control techniques the prevention and management of local overall well-being. This review aims revisit, gather update evidence-based clinical indications for most popular antiseptics, considering different types, microorganism targets effectiveness order establish updated recommendations.

Язык: Английский

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Efficacy of Pre-Procedural Mouthwashes against SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(6), С. 1692 - 1692

Опубликована: Март 18, 2022

The oral mucosa is one of the first sites to be affected by SARS-CoV-2. For this reason, healthcare providers performing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) in cavity are at high risk infection with COVID-19. aim systematic review verify whether there evidence literature describing a decrease salivary viral load SARS-CoV-2 after using different mouthwashes. An electronic search MEDLINE database (via PubMed), Web Science, SCOPUS, and Cochrane library was carried out. criteria used were those described PRISMA® Statement. Randomized controlled trial studies that have mouthwashes as form intervention reduce saliva included. bias analyzed Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool. Ultimately, eight articles included met established criteria. Based on currently available literature, PVP-I, CHX CPC present significant virucidal activity against could pre-procedural cross-infection.

Язык: Английский

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Clinical Activity of Behcet’s Disease Associated with SARS-CoV-2 and Herpes Simplex Virus: Insights from Three Case Reports

International Medical Case Reports Journal, Год журнала: 2025, Номер Volume 18, С. 41 - 52

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Introduction: The Behçet's Disease Current Activity Form (BDCAF) is crucial for monitoring the progression and treatment efficacy of (BD), an autoimmune disorder that can be triggered or exacerbated by viral infections. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has long been recognized as a potential trigger BD, it induce systemic inflammation exacerbate symptoms. In contrast, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) recently emerged may also initiate worsen BD This report examines three cases with oral manifestations specifically HSV-1 SARS-CoV-2, comparing their clinical activity responses. Case: Three female patients, aged 29, 24, 41 years, presented to Oral Medicine Department complaints canker sores, along genital skin lesions red eyes. Intraoral examination showed ulcerative, erosive, white plaque throughout mucosa. first patient was confirmed have COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 RNA test. second third patients had two-year history recurrent ulcerations reactive IgG anti-HSV-1 tests. All were diagnosed according International Criteria Behcet's Disease. BDCAF measurements conducted, showing index score 4 COVID-19-positive patient, while scores 6 7 recorded other two seropositive HSV-1. Case Management: Medications provided include corticosteroid, antimetabolite, analgesic, antiviral, antifungal, antiseptic mouthwash, multivitamin. good improvement after treatment. Conclusion: lower than those infection. difference due recent infection in whereas reactivation chronic latent likely contributed longer manifestations, resulting increased disease activity. Keywords: disease,

Язык: Английский

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Efficacy of regular gargling with a cetylpyridinium chloride plus zinc containing mouthwash can reduce upper respiratory symptoms

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 20(2), С. e0316807 - e0316807

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2025

The posterior oral cavity serves as an entry point to both the digestive and respiratory systems. Optimal hygiene, particularly by means of gargling, has been shown effectively reduce transmission duration illnesses (Clinical Trials registration: NCT06479226). Previous studies have demonstrated effectiveness gargling with antimicrobial mouthwash in preventing development symptoms. To assess impact using for lowering incidence upper A total 150 individuals were recruited randomly assigned two groups: Control group: participants requested brush their teeth twice daily minutes a commercially available fluoride toothpaste; Test Group, which also brushed toothpaste additional day containing 0.075% Cetylpyridinium chloride 0.28% Zinc Lactate (CPC+Zn). Individuals asked complete WURSS-21 Daily Symptom Report over course three-month study period diary. Regular CPC+Zn was efficacious decreasing frequency (21.5% lower) severity (11% symptoms throughout study. Additionally, that performed consistent cleansing had greater interference activities, should be further investigated. Adding CPC + Zn normal hygiene routine proves beneficial commonly associated cold flu. Trial ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06479226

Язык: Английский

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