Environmental Chemistry Letters,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
21(5), С. 2639 - 2705
Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2023
Abstract
The
current
energy
crisis,
depletion
of
fossil
fuels,
and
global
climate
change
have
made
it
imperative
to
find
alternative
sources
that
are
both
economically
sustainable
environmentally
friendly.
Here
we
review
various
pathways
for
converting
biomass
into
bioenergy
biochar
their
applications
in
producing
electricity,
biodiesel,
biohydrogen.
Biomass
can
be
converted
biofuels
using
different
methods,
including
biochemical
thermochemical
conversion
methods.
Determining
which
approach
is
best
relies
on
the
type
involved,
desired
final
product,
whether
or
not
sustainable.
Biochemical
methods
currently
most
widely
used
from
biomass,
accounting
approximately
80%
all
produced
worldwide.
Ethanol
biodiesel
prevalent
via
processes.
Thermochemical
less
than
conversion,
20%
Bio-oil
syngas,
commonly
manufactured
wood
chips,
agricultural
waste,
municipal
solid
major
by
conversion.
Biofuels
potential
displace
up
27%
world's
transportation
fuel
2050,
could
result
a
reduction
greenhouse
gas
emissions
3.7
billion
metric
tons
per
year.
Biochar
yield
high
ranging
32.8%
97.75%,
also
serve
as
an
anode,
cathode,
catalyst
microbial
cells
with
maximum
power
density
4346
mW/m
2
.
plays
role
catalytic
methane
decomposition
dry
reforming,
hydrogen
rates
13.4%
95.7%.
increase
220.3%.
Environmental Chemistry Letters,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
21(3), С. 1419 - 1476
Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2023
Abstract
Climate
change
issues
are
calling
for
advanced
methods
to
produce
materials
and
fuels
in
a
carbon–neutral
circular
way.
For
instance,
biomass
pyrolysis
has
been
intensely
investigated
during
the
last
years.
Here
we
review
of
algal
lignocellulosic
with
focus
on
products
mechanisms,
oil
upgrading,
combining
anaerobic
digestion,
economy,
life
cycle
assessment.
Products
include
oil,
gas,
biochar.
Upgrading
techniques
comprise
hot
vapor
filtration,
solvent
addition,
emulsification,
esterification
transesterification,
hydrotreatment,
steam
reforming,
use
supercritical
fluids.
We
examined
economic
viability
terms
profitability,
internal
rate
return,
return
investment,
carbon
removal
service,
product
pricing,
net
present
value.
also
reviewed
20
recent
studies
found
that
method
highly
influenced
yield,
ranging
from
9.07
40.59%
10.1
41.25%
biochar,
11.93
28.16%
syngas.
Feedstock
type,
pyrolytic
temperature,
heating
rate,
reaction
retention
time
were
main
factors
controlling
distribution
products.
Pyrolysis
mechanisms
bond
breaking,
cracking,
polymerization
re-polymerization,
fragmentation.
Biochar
residual
forestry
could
sequester
2.74
tons
dioxide
equivalent
per
ton
biochar
when
applied
soil
thus
potential
remove
0.2–2.75
gigatons
atmospheric
annually.
The
generation
bio-oil
process
is
estimated
be
economically
feasible.
Bioresource Technology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
369, С. 128396 - 128396
Опубликована: Ноя. 26, 2022
Pretreatment
processes
-
recognized
as
critical
steps
for
efficient
biomass
refining
have
received
much
attention
over
the
last
two
decades.
In
this
context,
deep
eutectic
solvents
(DES)
emerged
a
novel
alternative
to
conventional
representing
step
forward
in
achieving
more
sustainable
with
both
environmental
and
economic
benefits.
This
paper
presents
an
updated
review
of
state-of-the-art
DES-based
applications
biorefinery
schemes.
Besides
describing
fundamentals
DES
composition,
synthesis,
recycling,
study
comprehensive
existing
techno-economic
life
cycle
assessment
studies.
Challenges,
barriers,
perspectives
scale-up
are
also
discussed.
Environmental Chemistry Letters,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
21(5), С. 2639 - 2705
Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2023
Abstract
The
current
energy
crisis,
depletion
of
fossil
fuels,
and
global
climate
change
have
made
it
imperative
to
find
alternative
sources
that
are
both
economically
sustainable
environmentally
friendly.
Here
we
review
various
pathways
for
converting
biomass
into
bioenergy
biochar
their
applications
in
producing
electricity,
biodiesel,
biohydrogen.
Biomass
can
be
converted
biofuels
using
different
methods,
including
biochemical
thermochemical
conversion
methods.
Determining
which
approach
is
best
relies
on
the
type
involved,
desired
final
product,
whether
or
not
sustainable.
Biochemical
methods
currently
most
widely
used
from
biomass,
accounting
approximately
80%
all
produced
worldwide.
Ethanol
biodiesel
prevalent
via
processes.
Thermochemical
less
than
conversion,
20%
Bio-oil
syngas,
commonly
manufactured
wood
chips,
agricultural
waste,
municipal
solid
major
by
conversion.
Biofuels
potential
displace
up
27%
world's
transportation
fuel
2050,
could
result
a
reduction
greenhouse
gas
emissions
3.7
billion
metric
tons
per
year.
Biochar
yield
high
ranging
32.8%
97.75%,
also
serve
as
an
anode,
cathode,
catalyst
microbial
cells
with
maximum
power
density
4346
mW/m
2
.
plays
role
catalytic
methane
decomposition
dry
reforming,
hydrogen
rates
13.4%
95.7%.
increase
220.3%.
