Strategies to save energy in the context of the energy crisis: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(4), С. 2003 - 2039

Опубликована: Март 23, 2023

Abstract New technologies, systems, societal organization and policies for energy saving are urgently needed in the context of accelerated climate change, Ukraine conflict past coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. For instance, concerns about market policy responses that could lead to new lock-ins, such as investing liquefied natural gas infrastructure using all available fossil fuels compensate Russian supply cuts, may hinder decarbonization efforts. Here we review energy-saving solutions with a focus on actual crisis, green alternatives fuel heating, buildings transportation, artificial intelligence sustainable energy, implications environment society. Green include biomass boilers stoves, hybrid heat pumps, geothermal solar thermal photovoltaics systems into electric boilers, compressed hydrogen. We also detail case studies Germany which is planning 100% renewable switch by 2050 developing storage air China, emphasis technical economic aspects. The global consumption 2020 was 30.01% industry, 26.18% transport, 22.08% residential sectors. 10–40% can be reduced sources, passive design strategies, smart grid analytics, energy-efficient building intelligent monitoring. Electric vehicles offer highest cost-per-kilometer reduction 75% lowest loss 33%, yet battery-related issues, cost, weight challenging. 5–30% saved automated networked vehicles. Artificial shows huge potential improving weather forecasting machine maintenance enabling connectivity across homes, workplaces, transportation. 18.97–42.60% through deep neural networking. In electricity sector, automate power generation, distribution, transmission operations, balance without human intervention, enable lightning-speed trading arbitrage decisions at scale, eliminate need manual adjustments end-users.

Язык: Английский

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Artificial intelligence for waste management in smart cities: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(4), С. 1959 - 1989

Опубликована: Май 9, 2023

Abstract The rising amount of waste generated worldwide is inducing issues pollution, management, and recycling, calling for new strategies to improve the ecosystem, such as use artificial intelligence. Here, we review application intelligence in waste-to-energy, smart bins, waste-sorting robots, generation models, monitoring tracking, plastic pyrolysis, distinguishing fossil modern materials, logistics, disposal, illegal dumping, resource recovery, cities, process efficiency, cost savings, improving public health. Using logistics can reduce transportation distance by up 36.8%, savings 13.35%, time 28.22%. Artificial allows identifying sorting with an accuracy ranging from 72.8 99.95%. combined chemical analysis improves carbon emission estimation, energy conversion. We also explain how efficiency be increased costs reduced management systems cities.

Язык: Английский

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Social, environmental, and economic consequences of integrating renewable energies in the electricity sector: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(3), С. 1381 - 1418

Опубликована: Март 24, 2023

Abstract The global shift from a fossil fuel-based to an electrical-based society is commonly viewed as ecological improvement. However, the electrical power industry major source of carbon dioxide emissions, and incorporating renewable energy can still negatively impact environment. Despite rising research in energy, consumption on environment poorly known. Here, we review integration energies into electricity sector social, environmental, economic perspectives. We found that implementing solar photovoltaic, battery storage, wind, hydropower, bioenergy provide 504,000 jobs 2030 4.18 million 2050. For desalinization, photovoltaic/wind/battery storage systems supported by diesel generator reduce cost water production 69% adverse environmental effects 90%, compared full fuel systems. potential emission reduction increases with percentage sources utilized. photovoltaic/wind/hydroelectric system most effective addressing climate change, producing 2.11–5.46% increase generation 3.74–71.61% guarantee share ratios. Compared single systems, hybrid are more reliable better equipped withstand impacts change supply.

Язык: Английский

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Artificial intelligence-based solutions for climate change: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(5), С. 2525 - 2557

Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2023

Abstract Climate change is a major threat already causing system damage to urban and natural systems, inducing global economic losses of over $500 billion. These issues may be partly solved by artificial intelligence because integrates internet resources make prompt suggestions based on accurate climate predictions. Here we review recent research applications in mitigating the adverse effects change, with focus energy efficiency, carbon sequestration storage, weather renewable forecasting, grid management, building design, transportation, precision agriculture, industrial processes, reducing deforestation, resilient cities. We found that enhancing efficiency can significantly contribute impact change. Smart manufacturing reduce consumption, waste, emissions 30–50% and, particular, consumption buildings 30–50%. About 70% gas industry utilizes technologies enhance accuracy reliability forecasts. Combining smart grids optimize power thereby electricity bills 10–20%. Intelligent transportation systems dioxide approximately 60%. Moreover, management design cities through application further promote sustainability.

Язык: Английский

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Green construction for low-carbon cities: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(3), С. 1627 - 1657

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2023

Abstract The construction industry is a major user of non-renewable energy and contributor to emission greenhouse gases, thus requiring achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. Indeed, activities account for 36% global consumption 39% dioxide emissions. Reducing requires adapted government policies, analysis calculation models, sustainable materials. Here, we review green with focus on history, emissions, life cycle assessment, materials such as biochar, bioplastic, agricultural waste, animal wool, fly ash self-healing concrete. Analysis over the building shows that phase accounts 20–50% total average ratio annual operation 0.62. We present national policy frameworks technology roadmaps from United States America, Japan, China, European Union, highlighting plans neutrality in sector.

Язык: Английский

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Smart materials and technologies for sustainable concrete construction

Developments in the Built Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15, С. 100177 - 100177

Опубликована: Май 25, 2023

This paper presents a comprehensive review of current trends and opportunities for sustainable concrete construction, emphasizing the importance adopting eco-friendly practices to mitigate industry's environmental impact. Green concrete, supplementary cementitious materials, permeable cool use local materials are explored as technologies. Innovations like self-healing 3D-printed photocatalytic electrified machineries, carbon capture, utilization, storage principles also discussed, highlighting their potential improve sustainability construction practices. Challenges faced in implementing practices, such technical, economic, social barriers, addressed. The roles governments, industry, academia promoting examined, stressing need interdisciplinary collaboration research. Lastly, emerging technologies, including digitalization, data-driven approaches, circular economy principles, identified critical factors driving transition towards construction.

Язык: Английский

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Biofuel production, hydrogen production and water remediation by photocatalysis, biocatalysis and electrocatalysis

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(3), С. 1315 - 1379

Опубликована: Март 10, 2023

Abstract The energy crisis and environmental pollution have recently fostered research on efficient methods such as catalysis to produce biofuel clean water. Environmental refers green catalysts used breakdown pollutants or chemicals without generating undesirable by-products. For example, derived from waste inexpensive materials are promising for the circular economy. Here we review photocatalysis, biocatalysis, electrocatalysis, with focus catalyst synthesis, structure, applications. Common include biomass-derived materials, metal–organic frameworks, non-noble metals nanoparticles, nanocomposites enzymes. Structure characterization is done by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller isotherm, thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction photoelectron spectroscopy. We found that water can be degraded an efficiency ranging 71.7 100%, notably heterogeneous Fenton catalysis. Photocatalysis produced dihydrogen (H 2 ) generation rate higher than 100 μmol h −1 . Dihydrogen yields ranged 27 88% methane cracking. Biodiesel production reached 48.6 99%.

Язык: Английский

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Materials, fuels, upgrading, economy, and life cycle assessment of the pyrolysis of algal and lignocellulosic biomass: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(3), С. 1419 - 1476

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2023

Abstract Climate change issues are calling for advanced methods to produce materials and fuels in a carbon–neutral circular way. For instance, biomass pyrolysis has been intensely investigated during the last years. Here we review of algal lignocellulosic with focus on products mechanisms, oil upgrading, combining anaerobic digestion, economy, life cycle assessment. Products include oil, gas, biochar. Upgrading techniques comprise hot vapor filtration, solvent addition, emulsification, esterification transesterification, hydrotreatment, steam reforming, use supercritical fluids. We examined economic viability terms profitability, internal rate return, return investment, carbon removal service, product pricing, net present value. also reviewed 20 recent studies found that method highly influenced yield, ranging from 9.07 40.59% 10.1 41.25% biochar, 11.93 28.16% syngas. Feedstock type, pyrolytic temperature, heating rate, reaction retention time were main factors controlling distribution products. Pyrolysis mechanisms bond breaking, cracking, polymerization re-polymerization, fragmentation. Biochar residual forestry could sequester 2.74 tons dioxide equivalent per ton biochar when applied soil thus potential remove 0.2–2.75 gigatons atmospheric annually. The generation bio-oil process is estimated be economically feasible.

Язык: Английский

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Optimizing biomass pathways to bioenergy and biochar application in electricity generation, biodiesel production, and biohydrogen production

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(5), С. 2639 - 2705

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2023

Abstract The current energy crisis, depletion of fossil fuels, and global climate change have made it imperative to find alternative sources that are both economically sustainable environmentally friendly. Here we review various pathways for converting biomass into bioenergy biochar their applications in producing electricity, biodiesel, biohydrogen. Biomass can be converted biofuels using different methods, including biochemical thermochemical conversion methods. Determining which approach is best relies on the type involved, desired final product, whether or not sustainable. Biochemical methods currently most widely used from biomass, accounting approximately 80% all produced worldwide. Ethanol biodiesel prevalent via processes. Thermochemical less than conversion, 20% Bio-oil syngas, commonly manufactured wood chips, agricultural waste, municipal solid major by conversion. Biofuels potential displace up 27% world's transportation fuel 2050, could result a reduction greenhouse gas emissions 3.7 billion metric tons per year. Biochar yield high ranging 32.8% 97.75%, also serve as an anode, cathode, catalyst microbial cells with maximum power density 4346 mW/m 2 . plays role catalytic methane decomposition dry reforming, hydrogen rates 13.4% 95.7%. increase 220.3%.

Язык: Английский

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Recent developments on natural fiber concrete: A review of properties, sustainability, applications, barriers, and opportunities

Developments in the Built Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16, С. 100255 - 100255

Опубликована: Окт. 18, 2023

To reduce the carbon footprint of traditional concrete materials, natural fiber is vital. This study systematically analyzed 196 peer-reviewed papers using literature review method to understand fresh properties, mechanical durability, thermal conductivity, sound absorption sustainability, applications, barriers, and opportunities for concrete. The findings indicate that reduces cracking rate, increasing tensile strength. Although fibers enhance stress distribution within concrete, its stability, they compressive Additionally, 85.7% concretes exhibit considerable environmental benefits; however, 28.6% 43% reviewed studies effective economic social respectively. Moreover, this demonstrates following potential utilization: 60% in road pavements 30% residential buildings. However, still predominantly utilized laboratory stage. perspective noteworthy: summarizes barriers impede application develops relevant recommendations.

Язык: Английский

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