Abstract
Water
electrolysis
using
renewable
energy
is
considered
as
a
promising
technique
for
sustainable
and
green
hydrogen
production.
Conventional
water
has
two
components
–
evolution
reaction
(HER)
oxygen
(OER)
occurring
at
the
cathode
anode
respectively.
However,
of
suffers
from
high
overpotential
due
to
slow
kinetics
OER.
To
overcome
this
hybrid
been
developed
by
replacing
conventional
oxidation
producing
with
cost‐effective
materials
value‐added
chemicals.
This
review
summarizes
recent
advances
in
organic
oxidative
reactions
such
alcohols,
urea,
hydrazine,
biomass
instead
Furthermore,
also
highlights
use
membrane‐free
method
cost
complexity
associated
membrane‐based
electrolyzer
thereby
improving
overall
efficiency.
approach
holds
promise
scalable
large‐scale
production
along
products.
Finally,
current
challenges
future
perspectives
are
discussed
further
development
electrolysis.
Abstract
We
investigated
the
role
of
metal
atomization
and
solvent
decomposition
into
reductive
species
carbon
clusters
in
phase
formation
transition‐metal
carbides
(TMCs;
namely,
Co
3
C,
Fe
TiC,
MoC)
by
pulsed
laser
ablation
Co,
Fe,
Ti,
Mo
metals
acetone.
The
interaction
between
s
–
p
‐orbitals
d‐orbitals
causes
a
redistribution
valence
structure
through
charge
transfer,
leading
to
surface
defects
as
observed
X‐ray
photoelectron
spectroscopy.
These
influence
evolved
TMCs,
making
them
effective
for
hydrogen
oxygen
evolution
reactions
(HER
OER)
an
alkaline
medium.
C
with
more
affinity
promoted
CoO(OH)
intermediates,
electrochemical
oxidation
O
4
was
captured
via
situ/operando
Raman
probes,
increasing
number
active
sites
OER
activity.
MoC
d‐vacancies
exhibits
strong
binding,
promoting
HER
kinetics,
whereas
TiC
defect
states
trap
carriers
may
hinder
both
activities.
results
show
that
assembled
membrane‐less
electrolyzer
C∥Co
MoC∥MoC
electrodes
requires
~2.01
1.99
V,
respectively,
deliver
10
mA
cm
−
2
excellent
structural
stability.
In
addition,
ascertained
synthesis
mechanism
unit‐cell
packing
relations
will
open
up
sustainable
pathways
obtaining
highly
stable
electrocatalysts
electrolyzers.
Environmental Chemistry Letters,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
21(5), С. 2583 - 2617
Опубликована: Июнь 3, 2023
Abstract
Burning
fossil
fuels
account
for
over
75%
of
global
greenhouse
gas
emissions
and
90%
carbon
dioxide
emissions,
calling
alternative
such
as
hydrogen.
Since
the
hydrogen
demand
could
reach
120
million
tons
in
2024,
efficient
large-scale
production
methods
are
required.
Here
we
review
electrocatalytic
water
splitting
with
a
focus
on
reaction
mechanisms,
transition
metal
catalysts,
optimization
strategies.
We
discuss
mechanisms
decomposition
evolution.
Transition
catalysts
include
alloys,
sulfides,
carbides,
nitrides,
phosphides,
selenides,
oxides,
hydroxides,
metal-organic
frameworks.
The
can
be
optimized
by
modifying
nanostructure
or
electronic
structure.
observe
that
metal-based
electrocatalysts
excellent
due
to
their
abundant
sources,
low
cost,
controllable
structures.
Concerning
optimization,
fluorine
anion
doping
at
1
mol/L
potassium
hydroxide
yields
an
overpotential
38
mV
current
density
10
mA/cm
2
.
efficiency
also
enhanced
adding
atoms
nickel
sulfide
framework.
High-entropy
oxides
(HEO)
have
recently
concerned
interest
as
the
most
promising
electrocatalytic
materials
for
oxygen
evolution
reactions
(OER).
In
this
work,
a
new
strategy
to
synthesis
of
HEO
nanostructures
on
Ti3
C2
Tx
MXene
via
rapid
microwave
heating
and
subsequent
calcination
at
low
temperature
is
reported.
Furthermore,
influence
loading
investigated
toward
OER
performance
with
without
visible-light
illumination
in
an
alkaline
medium.
The
obtained
HEO/Ti3
-0.5
hybrid
exhibited
outstanding
photoelectrochemical
ability
overpotential
331
mV
10
mA
cm-2
small
Tafel
slope
71
dec-1
,
which
exceeded
that
commercial
IrO2
catalyst
(340
).
particular,
fabricated
water
electrolyzer
anode
required
less
potential
1.62
V
under
illumination.
Owing
strong
synergistic
interaction
between
MXene,
has
great
electrochemical
surface
area,
many
metal
active
sites,
high
conductivity,
fast
reaction
kinetics,
resulting
excellent
performance.
This
study
offers
efficient
synthesizing
HEO-based
produce
high-value
hydrogen
fuel.
