Darwin’s road not taken: white sclera, shared intentionality, niche construction, predator fear, teams and Homo origins DOI Open Access
John R. Skoyles

Опубликована: Ноя. 4, 2023

Palaeoanthropologists have yet to pinpoint how Homo evolved from Australopithecus. I propose niche construction ending predator ambush and stalking attacks, white sclera, ultrafast team cognition were key.Human sclera allows the quick, distant detection of line-of-sight. This is unique. In other primates, predators eliminate conspicuous-eyed individuals. Consequently, nonhuman primates coloured hiding gaze direction broadcasting. Recognizing line-of-sight’s split-second changes a distance enables attention shifts that support intercoupling cognitions (cognitive alignment, shared intentionality, coordination). Under certain conditions, such coordinated teams can niche-construct predator-shunning safe habitats. Once shunning replaces hunting, it stops targeting, allowing persist.Constructing predator-safe habitats ended “landscape fear” limited Australopithecus foraging, health, cognitive/cultural development. shunned freed fear, these allowed previously “wheel-clamped” cognitive potentials, including social learning, flourish, revolutionizing hominin capacity for cultural evolution cumulative culture. Thus, transfigured Australopithecus’s phenotype into Homo. White-eyed australopiths, argue, first humans.Significance Statement: The prevailing view genetic initiated emergence human genus However, research on fear in songbirds capuchin monkeys, along with its negative effects learning transmission, points non-genetic alternative. this account, arose when group found way gain shunning, not attack, freeing them constant predation fear. Ending unlocked triggering phenotypic change dividing humans hominids. Critically, plausible mechanism must enabled achieve end predation. A comprehensive review provides compelling argument did indeed exist past occurrence be empirically established. proposed centres two often-overlooked traits: conspicuous our line-of-sight due unique ability coordination. proposal posits emerged white-sclera-eyed used their coordinate as get shun them. perspective challenges dominant assumptions identifies unexplored avenues origins.

Язык: Английский

Social and nonsocial stimuli alter the performance of bonobos during a pictorial emotional Stroop task DOI
Daan W. Laméris, Jonas Verspeek, Marcel Eens

и другие.

American Journal of Primatology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 84(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2022

Abstract The emotional Stroop task is a paradigm commonly applied in human studies to investigate how emotionally laden stimuli interfere with cognitive processes. Recent modifications of this have enabled researchers study similar effects zoo‐housed primates. Across three experiments using pictorial task, we investigated if the attention bonobos was influenced by social (facial expressions during play, conflict, and neutral events) nonsocial (a preferred food item, predator, flower). Four successfully learned complete on touchscreen. First, tested standard color‐interference found that they made more errors color‐congruent trials. Second, included facial unknown conspecifics it took longer select targets play compared expressions. Last, objects negative, positive altered performance. Our findings show processes are both relevant stimuli. Specifically, faces interfered bonobos’ suggesting these form salient stimulus within bonobo society. Nonsocial also accuracy reaction times which may be explained their evolutionary relevance. results help us better understand (socio‐)emotional competencies respond external Future can further examine wider range biologically attentional bonobos.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

16
The secret acoustic world of leopards: A paired camera trap and bioacoustics survey facilitates the individual identification of leopards via their roars DOI Creative Commons
Jonathan Growcott, Alex L. Lobora, Andrew Markham

и другие.

Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2024

Abstract Conservation requires accurate information about species occupancy, populations and behaviour. However, gathering these data for elusive, solitary species, such as leopards ( Panthera pardus ), is often challenging. Utilizing novel technologies that augment collection by exploiting different species' traits could enable monitoring at larger spatiotemporal scales. Here, we conducted the first, large‐scale (~450 km 2 ) paired passive acoustic n = 50) camera trapping survey 50), large African carnivores, in Nyerere National Park, Tanzania. We tested whether be individually distinguished their vocalizations. identified individual from trap images then extracted roaring bouts concurrent audio. leopard roar summary features used 2‐state Gaussian Hidden–Markov Models (HMMs) to model temporal pattern of roars. Using features, vocal discrimination was achieved a maximum accuracy 46.6%. When using HMMs evaluate leopard's roar, identification more successful, with an overall 93.1% macro‐F1 score 0.78. Our study shows multiple modes technology, which record complementary data, can discover traits, as, Even though additional equipment, management analytical expertise are required, surveys still promising methodology exploit wider variety monitor inform conservation efficiently, than single technology studies alone.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

3
Attractiveness of female sexual signaling predicts differences in female grouping patterns between bonobos and chimpanzees DOI Creative Commons

Martin Surbeck,

Cédric Girard‐Buttoz, Liran Samuni

и другие.

Communications Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 4(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 23, 2021

Abstract Here we show that sexual signaling affects patterns of female spatial association differently in chimpanzees and bonobos, indicating its relevance shaping the respective social systems. Generally, between females often mirrors strength relationships cooperation within groups. While testing for proposed differences female-female associations underlying coalition formation species genus Pan , find only limited evidence a higher gregariousness bonobos. bonobo exhibited slightly average number their parties, there is neither difference time spent alone, nor party members absence sexually attractive females. We more frequent presence maximally tumescent bonobos associated with significantly stronger increase members, independent variation behavioural proxy food abundance. This indicates need to look beyond ecology when explaining sociality as it refutes idea among driven by ecological factors alone highlights temporal distribution receptivity an important factor consider studying mammalian sociality.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

15
Good case studies reveal something important DOI Open Access
Masayuki Nakamichi

Primates, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 63(6), С. 553 - 556

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2022

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

4
Golden‐bellied mangabeys ( Cercocebus chrysogaster ) exhibit a larger home range and longer travel distances than those of bonobos ( Pan paniscus ) at LuiKotale, Democratic Republic of the Congo DOI Creative Commons
Edward McLester, Barbara Fruth

American Journal of Primatology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 85(6)

Опубликована: Март 15, 2023

Abstract Primate ranging behavior is associated with numerous social and ecological correlates. Interspecific comparisons of can therefore provide insight into the socio‐ecological conditions that characterize a species' niche within its community. We first description in golden‐bellied mangabeys ( Cercocebus chrysogaster ), using sympatric bonobos Pan paniscus ) as comparison. Over 6 months, we recorded GPS tracks at 1‐ 5‐min intervals from one habituated mangabey group two bonobo communities LuiKotale, central Democratic Republic Congo. compared estimates home range size, time spent different elevations, hourly travel distances between species. modeled daily against total monthly rainfall to investigate seasonal variation ranging. The was similarly sized or larger than each LuiKotale across estimation methods. Mangabeys visited more their per day terra firma forest less swamps bonobos. traveled significantly farther during midday hours bonobos, but did not relate either Golden‐bellied exhibited wide closely resembled other Large homes ranges are likely influenced by food availability forest, especially groups appear long fruit trees terrestrial patches. Maximizing daytime activity may help avoid competition heterospecifics indicates temporal partitioning this primate

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

2
Relative leg-to-arm skeletal strength proportions in orangutans by species and sex DOI Creative Commons
Alexandra E. Kralick, Babette S. Zemel,

Clara Nolan

и другие.

Journal of Human Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 188, С. 103496 - 103496

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2024

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Darwin’s road not taken: white sclera, shared intentionality, niche construction, predator fear, teams and Homo origins DOI Open Access
John R. Skoyles

Опубликована: Ноя. 4, 2023

Palaeoanthropologists have yet to pinpoint how Homo evolved from Australopithecus. I propose niche construction ending predator ambush and stalking attacks, white sclera, ultrafast team cognition were key.Human sclera allows the quick, distant detection of line-of-sight. This is unique. In other primates, predators eliminate conspicuous-eyed individuals. Consequently, nonhuman primates coloured hiding gaze direction broadcasting. Recognizing line-of-sight’s split-second changes a distance enables attention shifts that support intercoupling cognitions (cognitive alignment, shared intentionality, coordination). Under certain conditions, such coordinated teams can niche-construct predator-shunning safe habitats. Once shunning replaces hunting, it stops targeting, allowing persist.Constructing predator-safe habitats ended “landscape fear” limited Australopithecus foraging, health, cognitive/cultural development. shunned freed fear, these allowed previously “wheel-clamped” cognitive potentials, including social learning, flourish, revolutionizing hominin capacity for cultural evolution cumulative culture. Thus, transfigured Australopithecus’s phenotype into Homo. White-eyed australopiths, argue, first humans.Significance Statement: The prevailing view genetic initiated emergence human genus However, research on fear in songbirds capuchin monkeys, along with its negative effects learning transmission, points non-genetic alternative. this account, arose when group found way gain shunning, not attack, freeing them constant predation fear. Ending unlocked triggering phenotypic change dividing humans hominids. Critically, plausible mechanism must enabled achieve end predation. A comprehensive review provides compelling argument did indeed exist past occurrence be empirically established. proposed centres two often-overlooked traits: conspicuous our line-of-sight due unique ability coordination. proposal posits emerged white-sclera-eyed used their coordinate as get shun them. perspective challenges dominant assumptions identifies unexplored avenues origins.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Darwin’s road not taken: white sclera, shared intentionality, niche construction, predator fear, teams and Homo origins DOI Open Access
John R. Skoyles

Опубликована: Ноя. 4, 2023

Palaeoanthropologists have yet to pinpoint how Homo evolved from Australopithecus. I propose niche construction ending predator ambush and stalking attacks, white sclera, ultrafast team cognition were key.Human sclera allows the quick, distant detection of line-of-sight. This is unique. In other primates, predators eliminate conspicuous-eyed individuals. Consequently, nonhuman primates coloured hiding gaze direction broadcasting. Recognizing line-of-sight’s split-second changes a distance enables attention shifts that support intercoupling cognitions (cognitive alignment, shared intentionality, coordination). Under certain conditions, such coordinated teams can niche-construct predator-shunning safe habitats. Once shunning replaces hunting, it stops targeting, allowing persist.Constructing predator-safe habitats ended “landscape fear” limited Australopithecus foraging, health, cognitive/cultural development. shunned freed fear, these allowed previously “wheel-clamped” cognitive potentials, including social learning, flourish, revolutionizing hominin capacity for cultural evolution cumulative culture. Thus, transfigured Australopithecus’s phenotype into Homo. White-eyed australopiths, argue, first humans.Significance Statement: The prevailing view genetic initiated emergence human genus However, research on fear in songbirds capuchin monkeys, along with its negative effects learning transmission, points non-genetic alternative. this account, arose when group found way gain shunning, not attack, freeing them constant predation fear. Ending unlocked triggering phenotypic change dividing humans hominids. Critically, plausible mechanism must enabled achieve end predation. A comprehensive review provides compelling argument did indeed exist past occurrence be empirically established. proposed centres two often-overlooked traits: conspicuous our line-of-sight due unique ability coordination. proposal posits emerged white-sclera-eyed used their coordinate as get shun them. perspective challenges dominant assumptions identifies unexplored avenues origins.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0