Early detection of bark beetle (Ips typographus) infestations by remote sensing – A critical review of recent research

Forest Ecology and Management, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 556, С. 121595 - 121595

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2024

Bark beetle disturbances increasingly threaten structure and functionality of temperate boreal forests globally. The early detection bark beetle-infested trees, i.e. before beetles' emergence from the breeding tree, is essential for an effective outbreak mitigation. Terrestrial control surveys as traditionally employed infestation detection, however, are resource-intensive approach their limits in difficult terrain during mass outbreaks. Developments remote sensing algorithms giving hope that early-infested trees will be detectable remotely, thereby improving success management efficacy. Yet, a comprehensive quantitative evaluation approaches currently being developed lacking to date. This review synthesises state-of-the-art recent research on (or green-attack) by sensing, places it context with underlying biological constraints, technical opportunities potential applications. Since each beetle-host tree system has specific characteristics detectability, we focus greatest impact European forests, spruce (Ips typographus), which attacks Norway (Picea abies). By screening published within period 2000–2022, included 26 studies our analyses. All reviewed were purely exploratory, testing variety data and/or classification relatively limited spatial temporal coverage. Among tested platforms sensor types, satellite multispectral imagery most frequently investigated. Promising spectral wavelength range or index highly varied among regions. Timeliness accuracy found insufficient efficient management, regardless platform, type, resolution applied. main reasons preventing better performance include rapid development I. typographus combination delayed variable vitality response crown, frequent cloud cover spruce-dominated regions across Europe. In conclusion, current survey methods cannot yet replace terrestrial timely management. Nevertheless, they might supportive either back-up regular surveys, situations, e.g. detect hibernation accessibility, extensively managed without sufficient capacity. We suggest term 'early detection' used consistently synonym 'pre-emergence avoid ambiguity. Finally, provide recommendations future based lessons learned analysed, namely use more rigorous targeted study design, ensure interdisciplinarity, communicate results explicitly.

Язык: Английский

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Impacts on and damage to European forests from the 2018–2022 heat and drought events

Natural hazards and earth system sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 25(1), С. 77 - 117

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025

Abstract. Drought and heat events in Europe are becoming increasingly frequent due to human-induced climate change, impacting both human well-being ecosystem functioning. The intensity effects of these vary across the continent, making it crucial for decision-makers understand spatial variability drought impacts. Data on drought-related damage currently dispersed scientific publications, government reports, media outlets. This study consolidates data European forests from 2018 2022, using Europe-wide datasets including those related crown defoliation, insect damage, burnt forest areas, tree cover loss. data, covering 16 countries, were analysed four regions, northern, central, Alpine, southern, compared with a reference period 2010 2014. Findings reveal that all zones experienced reduced vitality elevated temperatures, varying severity. Central showed highest vulnerability, coniferous deciduous trees. southern zone, while affected by loss, demonstrated greater resilience, likely historical exposure. northern zone is experiencing emerging impacts less severely, possibly site-adapted boreal species, Alpine minimal impact, suggesting protective effect altitude. Key trends include (1) significant loss zones; (2) high levels despite 2021 being an average year, indicating lasting previous years; (3) notable challenges central Sweden bark beetle infestations; (4) no increase wildfire severity ongoing challenges. Based this assessment, we conclude (i) highly vulnerable heat, even resilient ecosystems at risk severe damage; (ii) tailored strategies essential mitigate change forests, incorporating regional differences resilience; (iii) effective management requires harmonised collection enhanced monitoring address future comprehensively.

Язык: Английский

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Multispectral drone images for the early detection of bark beetle infestations: assessment over large forest areas in the Italian South-Eastern Alps

Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 8

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2025

Introduction European forests face increasing threats from climate change-induced stressors, which create favorable conditions for bark beetle outbreaks. The most critical spruce forest pest in Europe is the Spruce Bark Beetle ( Ips typographus L.). Effective management of this beetles’ outbreaks necessitates timely detection recently attacked trees, challenging given difficulty identifying symptoms on infested tree crowns, especially over large areas. This study assessed detectability trees dominated areas (20–60 ha) using high-resolution drone multispectral imagery. Methods A sensor mounted an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) was used to capture images investigated stands weekly during June 2023. These were compute reflectance all single derive vegetation indices, and then compare these between healthy ones. Results results showed that it possible separate spectral features final developmental stage first generation, despite limitations due difficulties image processing best performing indices included NDRE (Normalized Difference Red Edge index) GNDVI (Green Normalized Vegetation Index), allowed earlier separation trees. Discussion shows use UAV imagery can present some when early larger integration sensors focused narrower windows around Red-Edge Green bands other remote sensing methods (e.g., satellite imagery) could help overcome improve early-detection proposed approach will increase understanding factors consider with techniques. In particular, add insights upscaling spatial scales, providing useful guidance suffering

Язык: Английский

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Examining the potential for early detection of spruce bark beetle attacks using multi-temporal Sentinel-2 and harvester data

ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 205, С. 352 - 366

Опубликована: Окт. 25, 2023

Forests are invaluable terrestrial ecosystems with considerable economic, ecological, and environmental benefits. Bark beetles have been recognized as one of the major causes forest disturbance, climate change can exacerbate their impact, leading to more tree mortality. Early detection bark beetle attacks is vital reduce loss devastating consequences. This study examines potential for early European spruce (Ips typographus L.) in southeastern Sweden using comprehensive harvester data time series Sentinel-2 images, 2015–2021. Specifically, it aims at 1) determining most pronounced wavelength bands vegetation indices (VIs) detection, 2) number attacked trees a pixel required enable 3) testing three approaches, Detecting Breakpoints Estimating Segments Trend (DBEST), Mean-Level-Shift (MLS), Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) investigate attacks. The greatest separation reflectance between healthy pixels, from first swarming peak (May 2018) till harvesting (April 2019), was observed SWIR1 (0.018) SWIR2 (0.011) followed by red-edge (0.008), red (0.007), NIR (0.005), green band (0.004). blue showed least (0.003). All VIs base level after this prominent NDRS an increase 0.14, NDWI (-0.13), CCI (-0.11) NDVI (-0.09), all decreasing values. responses relation increased gradually pixels having ten infested trees, strongest response 9 14 trees. Pixels including than did not show any further substantial VIs. DBEST, on average, indicated that infestation impact detectable month 15–31 days precision. MLS CUSUM up two months' accuracies were ranked next. superior performance compared NDWI. based smoothed influence noise missing cannot be directly applied near real-time method.

Язык: Английский

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Impacts and damages of the European multi-year drought and heat event 2018–2022 on forests, a review

Опубликована: Июль 26, 2023

Abstract. Drought and heat events are becoming more frequent in Europe due to human-induced climate change, affecting many aspects of human well-being ecosystem functioning. However, the intensity these drought is not spatially temporally uniform. Understanding spatial variability impacts important information for decision makers, supporting both planning preparations cope with changing climatic conditions. Currently, data relating damage caused by extended episodes scattered across languages sources such as scientific publications, governmental reports media. In this review paper, we compiled damages 2018 until 2022 forest ecosystems relate it large European sets, providing support making on regional levels. We partitioned from 16 countries following regions: Northern, Central, Alpine, South. focused forests, categorized them (1) physiological (2) pest, (3) fire damage. were able identify key trends: Relative defoliation rates broadleaves higher than conifers every country exception Czech Republic incidence wood destroyed insects extremely high Central Sweden Although fires can be related drought, they superimposed other anthropogenic influences (4) period (2018–2022), forests central particularly affected, while Northern Alpine zones less adaptations still observed Southern zone. (5) several regions 2021 was an average year levels indicating strong legacy effects 2018–2020. note that inventory should continuously updated new appear.

Язык: Английский

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Spectral separability of bark beetle infestation stages: A single-tree time-series analysis using Planet imagery

Ecological Indicators, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 153, С. 110349 - 110349

Опубликована: Май 29, 2023

Bark beetles cause severe damage to European forests leading impacts on many sectors, from the environmental economical. Timely mapping of different stages an attack is very important. Remote sensing has been widely used map bark beetle using both airborne and satellite data. Newly available multispectral data with a daily revisit time high spatial resolution potential monitor in all its phases. This study explores spectral separability infestation Planet imagery at individual tree level. Multi-temporal analysis 78 trees spruce was carried out. Bands vegetation indexes derived 42 images were compared eleven field surveys over span approximately four months. The done considering three criteria exploring: 1) significance differences, 2) magnitude differences 3) supervised classification context. reported effects depending season - spring vs. summer. Spectral bands extracted healthy red-stage significantly different. Trees green-attack stage end summer showed statistically significant difference trees. measured classifier that it possible separate healthy, accuracy values (kappa above 0.9).

Язык: Английский

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: An eXplainable Framework to Map Bark Beetle Infestation in Sentinel-2 Images

IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16, С. 10050 - 10066

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Recent long spells of high temperatures and drought-hit summers have fostered the conditions for an unprecedented outbreak bark beetles in Europe. This phenomenon has ruined vast swathes European conifer forests creating a need amongst forest managers to find effective methods gather information about mapping beetle infestation hotspots. Sentinel-2 data been recently established as alternative field surveys certain inventory tasks. Hence, this study explores achievements machine learning perform hotspots images. In particular, we investigate accuracy performance spectral classifier that is learned task by leveraging vegetation indices performing self-training. We use dataset images acquired non-overlapping scenes from North-east France October 2018. The selected host different sizes, which originate mass reproduction 2018 infestation. stage accounting ground truth masks subset imagery (training set). goal produce prediction remaining (working Moreover, eXplainable Artificial Intelligence technique relevance explain effect both self-training on decisions.

Язык: Английский

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Drone-based early detection of bark beetle infested spruce trees differs in endemic and epidemic populations

Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 7

Опубликована: Июнь 11, 2024

Introduction European forests face increasing threats due to climate change-induced stressors, which create the perfect conditions for bark beetle outbreaks. The most important spruce forest pest in Europe is Spruce Bark Beetle ( Ips typographus L.). Effective management of I. outbreaks necessitates timely detection recently attacked trees, challenging given difficulty spotting symptoms on infested tree crowns. population density one many factors that can affect infestation rate and development. This study compares appearance early endemic epidemic populations using highresolution Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) multispectral imagery. Methods In spring 2022, host colonization by beetles was induced groups trees growing 10 sites Southern Alps, characterized different (5 5 endemic). A sensor mounted a drone captured images once every 2 weeks, from May August 2022. analyses set vegetational indices allowed actual trees’ reflectance features be observed at each site, comparing them with those unattacked trees. Results show high triggers more rapid intense response regarding emergence symptoms. Infested were detected least 1 month before became evident human eye (red phase) sites, while this not possible sites. Key performing vegetation included NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), SAVI (Soil Adjust Index, correction factor 0.44), NDRE Red Edge index). Discussion early-detection approach could allow automatic diagnosis beetles’ infestations provide useful guidance areas suffering

Язык: Английский

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Dogs trained to recognise a bark beetle pheromone locate recently attacked spruces better than human experts

Forest Ecology and Management, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 528, С. 120626 - 120626

Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Norway spruce susceptibility to bark beetles is associated with increased canopy surface temperature in a year prior disturbance

Forest Ecology and Management, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 547, С. 121400 - 121400

Опубликована: Сен. 7, 2023

Язык: Английский

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