Complementary effects of two plant defence traits on behaviour and performance of monarch butterfly caterpillars

Ecological Entomology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 26, 2024

Abstract Plants have evolved multiple defensive traits in response to herbivory; turn, herbivore specialists adaptive behaviours avoid or tolerate such defences. Here, we employ milkweeds ( Asclepias spp.) test two defences, latex and trichomes, for their independent interactive effects on behaviour performance of monarch caterpillars Danaus plexippus ). Latex exuded upon damage the density leaf trichomes positively correlate across milkweed species, suggesting they may together as synergistic Nonetheless, complementary roles these been little‐studied. We focus behaviours: shaving, removal chewing, which encompasses both deactivation consumption. In an experiment with seven without manipulated flow, found be primary determinant reducing while defences predicted shaving first instar. Next, conducted a factorial throughout three instars, manipulating high‐latex, high‐trichome woolly vestita . On plants intact, spent most time least chewing all treatment groups, possible synergism. These defence‐driven behavioural decreased later larval development. impacted performance, additively increasing mortality growth survivors. Thus, represent important plant specialist implications insect fitness.

Язык: Английский

---

Muffled olfactory and sensory cues from the reproductive stage soybean selectively reduce oviposition of a major polyphagous herbivore, fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)

Pest Management Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2024

While the mother knows best/preference performance hypothesis has been well tested in natural ecosystems, how these ecological principles differ agroecosystems is less explored. In this study, we investigated ovipositional preference and offspring of fall armyworm (FAW) across vegetative reproductive stages soybean.

Язык: Английский

---

Plasticidade fenotípica foliar em Varronia curassavica Jacq. (Boraginaceae) em resposta à herbivoria simulada

Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(4), С. 1989 - 2002

Опубликована: Июль 25, 2023

O processo pelo qual as plantas ajustam seu fenótipo frente às condições abióticas quais estão submetidas é denominado de plasticidade fenotípica. Na interação planta-herbívoro, pode ocorrer modificações no defensivo em resposta ao dano por herbívoros. Embora tal seja amplamente documentada, o efeito repetidos eventos herbivoria diferentes graus ainda um conhecimento incipiente. Neste estudo, avaliamos se respostas fenotípicas das defesas são proporcionais à intensidade e a ausência da leva relaxamento defesas. espécie arbustiva Varronia curassavica, ambiente natural, aplicamos experimento desfolhação, utilizando os seguintes tratamentos: T1: 40% dano, T2: 80% TE: isoladas dos herbívoros controle (C). Os tratamentos desfolhação foram aplicados três vezes com intervalo meses entre eles. Atributos químicos físicos defesa qualidade nutricional mensurados porcentagem folhas danificadas mastigadores após quantificada. fenótipos indivíduos sob simulada diferiram do controle. índice fenotípica mostrou que área foliar, concentração taninos, conteúdo água nitrogênio atributos mais plásticos. A análise componentes principais indicou T1 T2 similares si relação foliar dissimilares C TE. curassavica apresentou distintas estratégias herbivoria, multidimensionais influenciadas pela dano.Palavras-chave: induzida, anti-hebivoria, potencial plástico, restinga, síndromes Leaf phenotypic plasticity in Jacq. (Boraginaceae) response to simulated herbivory B S T R TThe process by which plants adjust their phenotype the abiotic conditions they are subjected is called plasticity. In plant-herbivore interaction, modifications defensive can occur herbivore damage. Although such widely documented, effect of repeated events different degrees still an incipient knowledge. this study, we evaluated whether responses defenses proportional damage intensity and absence leads relaxation defenses. On shrub species natural environment, applied defoliation experiment using following treatments: damage, isolated from herbivores control The treatments were three times with three-month interval between them. Chemical physical defense attributes nutritional quality measured percentage leaves damaged chewers after quantified. phenotypes individuals under differed control. index showed that leaf area, tannin concentration, water content, nitrogen concentration most plastic attributes. Principal component analysis indicated similar each other respect area content dissimilar distinct strategies, multidimensional influenced intensity.Keywords: induced defense, anti-hebivory defenses, potential, sandbank, syndromes

---

Examining the Effects of Prunus Necrotic Ringspot Virus (PNRSV) and Prune Dwarf Virus (PDV) on Peach (Prunus persica) Pollen Health

PhytoFrontiers™, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 4(3), С. 382 - 392

Опубликована: Ноя. 21, 2023

Pollen health is a key determinant of successful plant reproduction and crop yield. Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) prune dwarf (PDV) are pollen-borne viruses stone fruits, including peaches, primarily transmitted through vegetative propagation (i.e., grafting) pollen. Here, we investigated the effects PNRSV PDV infection on peach pollen morphology, viability, germination. Our scanning electron microscopy as well viability germination assays, showed that has cultivar-specific health; compared with from virus-negative trees, resulted in distorted shape, reduced grains cultivar Red Top, but no significant or were detected Zee Lady grains. affected width did not affect when between PDV-positive PDV-negative We discuss our results terms potential evolutionary consequences implications epidemiology disease management orchards. Investigating viral will ultimately enhance understanding transmission viruses. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This an open access article distributed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

Язык: Английский

---

The chromosome-scale genome and the genetic resistance machinery against insect herbivores of the Mexican toloache, Datura stramonium

G3 Genes Genomes Genetics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(2)

Опубликована: Дек. 19, 2023

Abstract Plant resistance refers to the heritable ability of plants reduce damage caused by natural enemies, such as herbivores and pathogens, either through constitutive or induced traits like chemical compounds trichomes. However, genetic architecture—the number genome location genes that affect plant defense magnitude their effects—of arthropod in populations remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed unveil architecture insect annual herb Datura stramonium (Solanaceae) quantitative trait loci mapping. We achieved assembling species’ constructing a linkage map using an F2 progeny transplanted into habitats. Furthermore, conducted differential gene expression analysis between undamaged damaged primary folivore, Lema daturaphila larvae. Our assembly resulted 6,109 scaffolds distributed across 12 haploid chromosomes. A single region on chromosome 3 was associated with resistance, spanning 0 5.17 cM. The explained variance 8.44%. findings imply mechanisms D. are shaped complex interplay multiple minor effects. Protein–protein interaction networks involving within overexpressed uncovered key role receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases signaling regulating tropane alkaloids terpenoids, which serve powerful defenses against herbivores. data generated our study constitute important resources for delving evolution ecology secondary mediating plant–insect interactions.

Язык: Английский

---