Land use change and forest management effects on soil carbon stocks in the Northeast U.S.

Carbon Balance and Management, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2024

Abstract Background In most regions and ecosystems, soils are the largest terrestrial carbon pool. Their potential vulnerability to climate land use change, management, other drivers, along with soils’ ability mitigate change through sequestration, makes them important balance management. To date, studies of soil management have been based at either large or site-specific scales, resulting in broad generalizations narrow conclusions, respectively. Advancing science practice requires scientific progress intermediate scales. Here, we conducted fifth a series ecoregional assessments effects forest on stocks, this time addressing Northeast U.S. We used synthesis approaches including (1) meta-analysis published literature, (2) survey (3) national inventory databases examine overall underlying drivers deforestation, reforestation, harvesting stocks. The three complementary data sources allowed us quantify direction, magnitude, uncertainty trends. Results Our findings revealed regionally consistent declines stocks due whether for agriculture urban development. Conversely, reforestation led significant increases C variation specific geographic factors. Forest showed no effect regardless place-based practice-specific Observational generally supported meta-analytic harvest trends, provided broader context by revealing factors that act as baseline controls ecoregion carbon-dense soils. These include range physical, parent material, topographic controls, also playing role. Conclusions has limited alter contrast changes driven shifts. underscore importance understanding need an all-lands approach managing mitigation

Язык: Английский

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When plastisphere and drilosphere meet: Earthworms facilitate microbiome and nutrient turnover to accelerate biodegradation of agricultural plastic films

Environment International, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 109309 - 109309

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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The unseen diversity of the semi-aquatic earthworms of the genus Sparganophilus (Oligochaeta: Sparganophilidae) from the Southeastern Appalachian Piedmont

Zootaxa, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 5589(1), С. 382 - 409

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2025

After one year of surveying semiaquatic earthworms (Oligochaeta, Sparganophilidae), we describe Sparganophilus jenkinsi sp. nov., S. carveri oconeeae williamsae muskogee youngae and borgesae nov. based on extensive differences in morphological characters molecular data. Three additional species are described morphologically but not formally named due to limited material. The here can be organized into three groups: (1) jenkinsi, oconeeae, muskogee, carveri, williamsae, youngae, borgesae, sp02 have continuous tubercula pubertatis the region xvii-xxii, tubular nephridial bladder; (2) sp09 discrete pairs sack-like (3) sp10 posteriorly displaced reduced two segments, a "caecum." These new contribute our knowledge endemism biodiversity Appalachian Piedmont.

Язык: Английский

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Earthworms as soil health indicators in no-tillage agroecosystems

European Journal of Soil Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 121, С. 103605 - 103605

Опубликована: Март 18, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Ecological groups and isotopic niches of earthworms

Applied Soil Ecology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 181, С. 104655 - 104655

Опубликована: Сен. 6, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Testing the impacts of invasive jumping worms at their northern range limit

European Journal of Soil Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 120, С. 103590 - 103590

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2024

Earthworms can act as ecosystem engineers by altering soil structure, which impacts other organisms and functioning. Jumping worms (family Megascolecidae) originating in Asia have been spreading North America, extending their northern range limits to Ontario, Canada the last decade New Brunswick 2021. At of current range, little research has done examine effects jumping these new habitats since recent establishment. Our objectives were evaluate: (1) how impact nitrogen carbon; (2) presence abundance non-native European earthworms Lumbricidae); (3) whether two sampling methods (i.e., mustard solution wooden discs) are equally effective at detecting worms. We sampled a residential property Oromocto, Brunswick, was first location where found province. did not significant on biomass or carbon content top 5 cm soil, but they significantly affect levels. Both Further is needed managed landscapes, urban areas, forests determine invasion dynamics this progresses.

Язык: Английский

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New York State Climate Impacts Assessment Chapter 05: Ecosystems

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 9, 2024

Abstract The people of New York have long benefited from the state's diversity ecosystems, which range coastal shorelines and wetlands to extensive forests mountaintop alpine habitat, lakes rivers greenspaces in heavily populated urban areas. These ecosystems provide key services such as food, water, forest products, flood prevention, carbon storage, climate moderation, recreational opportunities, other cultural services. This chapter examines how changes climatic conditions across state are affecting different types they provide, considers likely future impacts projected change. emphasizes change is increasing vulnerability existing stressors, habitat fragmentation invasive species, highlights opportunities for Yorkers adapt build resilience.

Язык: Английский

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Chaetophiloscia sicula Verhoeff, 1908 (Isopoda, Oniscidea), an invasive isopod currently spreading in North America

ZooKeys, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 1225, С. 65 - 75

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2025

Chaetophiloscia sicula Verhoeff, 1908 (Philosciidae) is a small terrestrial isopod of Mediterranean origin which was first reported in North America 2000 an urban forest Baltimore, Maryland, and it thought to be recent introduction, with restricted range. Here we report the current state knowledge C. distribution America. Since original observation, species has been by citizen scientists from eight additional states. Standardized field surveys Maryland Washington D.C. revealed strong habitat preference towards anthropogenic coastal areas. The affinity environments, including residential areas parks, reinforced citizen-science data most likely key its fast spread throughout Keeping isopods as pets trading them among hobbyists may also play role especially establishing core populations centers. expand USA coming decade. This study highlights that thorough, systematic surveys, using variety collecting techniques, are essential address existing gaps on elsewhere.

Язык: Английский

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Earthworms in grass lawns and native Atlantic Forest fragments at Embrapa Forestry, Colombo, Paraná state, Brazil

Zootaxa, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 5589(1), С. 282 - 300

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2025

Earthworms are important soil biological indicators, but there is relatively little information on their communities in peri-urban soils and land uses the subtropics. In present paper, we describe earthworm occurrence relationships with biological, chemical physical attributes grass lawns native Atlantic Forest fragments Curitiba metropolitan area, using different sampling methods: quantitative handsorting, formalin extraction qualitative sampling. Overall, 785 individuals, of six families 12 species were found, four which (Glossoscolex embrapaensis, Fimoscolex nivae, Urobenus brasiliensis Ocnerodrilidae sp.), eight exotic (Dichogaster bolaui, Dichogaster sp., Murchieona minuscula, Aporrectodea rosea, Amynthas gracilis, morrisi, Metaphire californica Pontoscolex corethrurus). Grass had higher abundance (509 individuals) diversity (Shannon-Wienner, Simpson Pielou). Handsorting was most effective method (70% all individuals). Exotic predominanted areas (≥50% individuals), indicating a degree human disturbance. Biomass followed same pattern as abundance, being lawns. Multivariate analysis showed that did not have direct correlation forest acidity C contents.

Язык: Английский

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Impacts of Exotic Pests on Forest Ecosystems: An Update

Forests, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(3), С. 605 - 605

Опубликована: Март 18, 2023

Pests (e.g., insects, pathogens) affect forest communities through complex interactions with plants, other animals, and the environment. While effects of exotic (non-native) pests on trees received broad attention were extensively studied, fewer studies addressed ecosystem-level consequences these effects. Related so far mostly only targeted a very few dominant hemlock woolly adelgid—HWA, beech bark disease—BBD, spongy moth—SM) limited to aspects situation such as (1) pests’ direct physical disturbance ecosystems, (2) altered geochemical elements soils, water, air excretion), (3) feedback from alteration ecosystems native present future pest invasions. New also show that, in general, planted forests appear be more prone invasions thus suffer greater impacts than natural forests. Integrated are critically needed address direct/indirect ecosystem elements, both short- long-term effects, We discuss implications new findings corresponding management strategies.

Язык: Английский

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