Satellite-observed mountain greening predicts genomic erosion in a grassland medicinal herb over half a century

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Mountains are biodiversity hotspots contributing essential benefits to human societies, but global environmental change is rapidly altering their habitats. During the past five decades, increasing temperatures and land-use in montane subalpine elevations facilitated productivity expansion of competitive vegetation, termed as "greening," with adverse effects on open grassland Although vegetation greening well-documented through satellite observations, its impact populations genomic integrity affected species remains underexplored. Here, we address this challenge by integrating 40 years remote sensing data museum genomics fieldwork assess mountain diversity plants southern Balkan peninsula. We sequenced genomes historical modern Ironwort, a plant significant medicinal value, demonstrate widespread erosion across populations. Our results show that, average, 6% (0%-20%) Ironwort's genome inbreeding accumulation over half century, indicating various degrees population declines. Importantly, that highly predictable normalized difference index (NDVI) rates change. models suggest faster increases density associated higher declines species, revealing negative impacts ecosystems. By linking two independent disparate monitoring indicators, ability predict consequences temporal far-reaching implications for protecting natural resources these fragile

Язык: Английский

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Conservation macrogenetics: harnessing genetic data to meet conservation commitments

Trends in Genetics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 39(11), С. 816 - 829

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2023

Язык: Английский

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The International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List does not account for intraspecific diversity

ICES Journal of Marine Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 81(5), С. 815 - 822

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2024

Abstract The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List identifies threatened and endangered species is a key instrument in global biodiversity conservation efforts. Our understanding the structure value genetic below level rapidly increasing. Nonetheless, IUCN assessment criteria overlook variation within species. Here, we address this blind spot discuss principles status classification relative to intraspecific biodiversity. We focus on coastal species, which thrive heterogeneous environments known drive differentiation. focal example Atlantic cod sugar kelp, have contrasting life histories, are ecologically economically important constituents ecosystem, currently not classified as Norway Canada. expose population structure, presence ecotypes genetic-environment covariation, well loss that threatens these Because makeup directly influences their resilience, omitting information from assessments can result adaptive capacity future stressors, such climate change. Consequently, recognizing preserving emerges vital species’ abilities adapt survive ocean conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Direct Measurement of the Mutation Rate and Its Evolutionary Consequences in a Critically Endangered Mollusk

Molecular Biology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 42(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Abstract The rate at which mutations arise is a fundamental parameter of biology. Despite progress in measuring germline mutation rates across diverse taxa, such estimates are missing for much Earth's biodiversity. Here, we present the first estimate from phylum Mollusca. We sequenced three pedigreed families white abalone Haliotis sorenseni, long-lived, large-bodied, and critically endangered mollusk, estimated de novo 8.60 × 10−9 single nucleotide per site generation. This similar to measured vertebrates with comparable generation times longevity abalone, higher than faster-reproducing invertebrates. spectrum also that seen vertebrate species, although an excess rare C > A polymorphisms wild individuals suggests modifier allele or environmental exposure may have once increased rates. use our infer baseline effective population sizes (Ne) multiple Pacific find persisted over most their evolutionary history as large stable populations, contrast extreme fluctuations recent small census day. then timing pattern evolution genus Haliotis, was previously unknown due few fossil calibrations. Our findings important step toward understanding they establish key conservation genomics research mollusks.

Язык: Английский

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The Idiot's Guide to Effective Population Size

Molecular Ecology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2025

This is a reference manual for the elegant, yet hideously complex concept of effective population size (Ne), inspired by classic, self-published automotive repair 'for compleat idiot'. The Guide timely, given recent Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, where 196 Parties committed to tracking genetic diversity-and estimating Ne-for all species. Ne human construct, but useful one that allows us capture diverse aspects an organism's biology in single number. collates location factual information about size, with focus on topics practical relevance scientists and managers studying real populations; it covers definition, computation estimation both demographically genetically. As appropriate, reader directed other primary sources more details. A 'Don't Do These Things' section lists several ill-advised approaches dealing Ne, Appendix provides tools suggestions interested users. special considers possibilities challenges presented genomics revolution. Availability vast numbers markers increases precision, less than some might think, simultaneously introduces new involving filtering bioinformatics processing. annotated genomes become common non-model species, opportunities are opened address qualitatively different questions, including reconstructing historical changes through time.

Язык: Английский

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Cryptic Species in Ecotoxicology

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 42(9), С. 1889 - 1914

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2023

The advent of genetic methods has led to the discovery an increasing number species that previously could not be distinguished from each other on basis morphological characteristics. Even though there been exponential growth publications cryptic species, such are rarely considered in ecotoxicology. Thus, particular question ecological differentiation and sensitivity closely related is addressed. Tackling this question, however, key importance for evolutionary ecology, conservation biology, and, particular, regulatory At same time, use with (known or unknown) diversity might a reason lack reproducibility ecotoxicological experiments implies false extrapolation findings. Our critical review includes database literature search through which we investigated how many most frequently used assessments show evidence diversity. We found high proportion reports indicating overlooked diversity, especially invertebrates. In terrestrial aquatic realms, at least 67% 54% commonly respectively, were identified as complexes. issue less prominent vertebrates, complexes 27% 6.7% vertebrates. further exemplified why different histories may significantly determine species' ecology pollutants. This turn have major impact results tests consequently, outcome environmental risk assessments. Finally, provide brief guideline deal practically studies general its implementation assessment procedures particular. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1889-1914. © 2023 Authors. Environmental Toxicology Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC behalf SETAC.

Язык: Английский

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Conserving Evolutionary Potential: Combining Landscape Genomics with Established Methods to Inform Plant Conservation

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 75(1), С. 707 - 736

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2024

Biodiversity conservation requires conserving evolutionary potential-the capacity for wild populations to adapt. Understanding genetic diversity and dynamics is critical informing decisions that enhance adaptability persistence under environmental change. We review how emerging landscape genomic methods provide plant programs with insights into dynamics, including local adaptation its drivers. Landscape approaches explore relationships between variation environments complement rather than replace established population common garden assessing adaptive phenotypic variation, structure, gene flow, demography. Collectively, these inform actions, rescue, maladaptation prediction, assisted flow. The greatest on-the-ground impacts from such studies will be realized when practitioners are actively engaged in research monitoring. the shaping of species an uncertain future.

Язык: Английский

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Best practices for genetic and genomic data archiving

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 8(7), С. 1224 - 1232

Опубликована: Май 24, 2024

Язык: Английский

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DNA-based studies and genetic diversity indicator assessments are complementary approaches to conserving evolutionary potential

Conservation Genetics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(6), С. 1147 - 1153

Опубликована: Авг. 21, 2024

Abstract Genetic diversity is essential for maintaining healthy populations and ecosystems. Several approaches have recently been developed to evaluate population genetic trends without necessarily collecting new data. Such “genetic indicators” enable rapid, large-scale evaluation across dozens thousands of species. Empirical studies, when available, provide detailed information that important management, such as estimates gene flow, inbreeding, erosion adaptation. In this article, we argue the development advancement indicators a complementary approach studies in conservation biology, but not substitute. empirical data can different conserving diversity. affordable tracking, reporting, prioritization communication, although, being proxies, do comprehensive status Conversely, methods offer analysis given species or population, although they remain challenging implement most globally, current capacity resourcing. We conclude are both actions recommend be used combination monitoring

Язык: Английский

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Spatial conservation planning of forest genetic resources in a Mediterranean multi-refugial area

Biological Conservation, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 293, С. 110599 - 110599

Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2024

The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework recognised the urgency of taking action to conserve intraspecific genetic diversity (IGD) as an insurance against habitat degradation and environmental change. Recent work suggests that 90–99 % IGD should be conserved safeguard viability future generations. Here, we addressed such a conservation issue in three forest tree species Italy: silver fir (Abies alba Mill.), Heldreich's pine (Pinus heldreichii H. Christ), pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.). We used microsatellite markers measure 36 (A. alba), 15 (P. heldreichii) 25 (Q. robur) natural sites, including several putative glacial refugia. developed spatial planning (SCP) analysis quantify irreplaceability each site identify minimum set coverage ensuring protection. Finally, compared SCP results with contributions allelic within between total private richness. found 44 73 sites were required alleles, this effort held even when targeting lower percentages alleles protect (50–75 %). Glacial refugia often included coverage, confirming biogeographical expectations. high have higher richness on average. These are discussed light biogeographic history studied current policies for resources.

Язык: Английский

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