Plant endemic diversity in the Irano-Anatolian global biodiversity hotspot is dramatically threatened by future climate change

Biological Conservation, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 302, С. 110963 - 110963

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2025

Язык: Английский

Assessment of CMIP6 models and multi-model averaging for temperature and precipitation over Iran

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 15, 2024

In this study, the performances of 40 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 are evaluated against observational data at synoptic stations in Iran using various evaluation criteria. The results reveal diverse model accuracy across different climate conditions and criteria, emphasizing particularly notable disparities nonstationarity R criterion compared to others. Although according ranking raw bias-corrected outputs CMIP6 GCMs for Iran, NorESM2-MM, AWI-ESM-1-1-LR, MPI-ESM1-2-LR models consistently among top six ranked precipitation both corrected outputs. For temperature, MPI-ESM1-2-LR, TaiESM1, INM-CM4-8, IITM-ESM GCMs. Bias correction methods, including quantile mapping linear scaling, integrated with Bayesian averaging, were applied. While demonstrates superior performance less disparity than it proves ineffective correcting biases bias over time. RMSE monthly ranges from almost 0 200 mm, a large value related high stations, temperature exhibits range 4 °C. use multi-model ensemble improves individual models, resulting reduction differences between minimum maximum values 178.6 91.0. Additionally, mean absolute error decreases 126.9 93.3, difference correlation coefficient narrows 0.9 0.42. Averaging after prevents significant fluctuations while maintaining higher accuracy, contrast second method, which involves bias-correcting averaging.

Язык: Английский

A framework for assessing uncertainties in drought projections under climate change: Insights from CMIP6 models

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 982, С. 179679 - 179679

Опубликована: Май 17, 2025

Язык: Английский