Extreme Events Contributing to Tipping Elements and Tipping Points

Surveys in Geophysics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 46(2), С. 375 - 420

Опубликована: Ноя. 16, 2024

Abstract This review article provides a synthesis and perspective on how weather climate extreme events can play role in influencing tipping elements triggering points the Earth System. An example of potential critical global point, induced by extremes an increasingly warmer climate, is Amazon rainforest dieback that could be driven regional increases droughts exacerbated fires, addition to deforestation. A element associated with boreal forest might also vulnerable heat, drought fire. oceanic collapse Atlantic meridional overturning circulation due variability freshwater inputs, while marine heatwaves high acidity lead coral reef collapse. Extreme heat may furthermore important ice sheet, glacier permafrost stability. Regional severe ecosystems, as well human systems, response drivers. However, substantial scientific uncertainty remains mechanistic links between points. observations are relevance evaluate constrain those elements, determining conditions leading delayed recovery for atmosphere, land, vegetation, ocean. In subsurface ocean, there lack consistent, synoptic frequency changes both ocean physics biogeochemistry. shows importance considering interface points, two topics usually addressed isolation, need continued monitoring observe early warning signs system improving model skill simulating extremes, compound elements.

Язык: Английский

Special Issue: International Space Science Institute (ISSI) Workshop on Tipping Elements in the Earth’s Climate System

Surveys in Geophysics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 16, 2025

Язык: Английский