Island Biodiversity in the Anthropocene

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 44(1), С. 31 - 60

Опубликована: Июль 26, 2019

Biodiversity on marine islands is characterized by unique biogeographic, phylogenetic and functional characteristics. Islands hold a disproportionate amount of the world's biodiversity, they have also experienced loss it. Following human contact, island biodiversity has sustained negative impacts increasing in rate magnitude as transitioned from primary through secondary to tertiary economies. On islands, habitat transformation invasive non-native species historically been major threats although these will continue new forms, such human-induced climate change sea-level rise are emerging. Island changing with some going extinct, others abundance, becoming part many ecosystems, humans shaping ecological processes. thus microcosms for emerging socioecological landscapes Anthropocene. require strategies protection restoration their including maintaining biological cultural heritage regenerative practices, mainstreaming production landscapes, engaging reality novel ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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Which Taxa Are Alien? Criteria, Applications, and Uncertainties

BioScience, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 68(7), С. 496 - 509

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2018

Human activities such as the transport of species to new regions and modifications environment are increasingly reshaping distribution biota. Accordingly, developing robust, repeatable, consistent definitions alien that serve scientific policy purposes has become prime importance. We provide a set classification criteria widely applicable across taxa realms offer guidance on their use in practice. The focus (a) acknowledging role assessment uncertainty, (b) incorporating time since introduction, (c) considering infraspecific taxonomic ranks, (d) differentiating between whose survival depends explicit human assistance from those survive without assistance. Furthermore, we make recommendations for reducing suggest thresholds assessment, develop an scheme. illustrate application with case studies. Finally, implications management, policy, research discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Mobilizing the past to shape a better Anthropocene

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 5(3), С. 273 - 284

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Genomic data reveal that the Cuban blue-headed quail-dove ( Starnoenas cyanocephala ) is a biogeographic relict

Biology Letters, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Islands are well known for their unique biodiversity and significance in evolutionary ecological studies. Nevertheless, the extinction of island species accounts most human-caused extinctions recent time scales, which have accelerated centuries. Pigeons doves (Columbidae) noteworthy high number endemics, as risks those faced since human arrival. On Caribbean islands, no other columbid has generated more phylogenetic interest uncertainty than blue-headed quail-dove, Starnoenas cyanocephala . This endangered Cuban endemic been considered similar, both behaviourally phenotypically, to Australasian geographically closer ‘quail-dove’ ( Geotrygon s.l.) Western Hemisphere. Here, we use whole genome sequencing from newly sequenced columbids combination with sequence data previous publications investigate its relationships. Phylogenomic analyses, represent 35 51 genera currently comprising Columbidae, reveal that quail-dove is sole representative a lineage diverging early radiation columbids. sister species-rich subfamily Columbinae, found worldwide. As highly distinctive lacking close modern relatives, recommend elevating conservation priority

Язык: Английский

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Uncovering the Holocene roots of contemporary disease-scapes: bringing archaeology into One Health

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 290(2012)

Опубликована: Дек. 6, 2023

The accelerating pace of emerging zoonotic diseases in the twenty-first century has motivated cross-disciplinary collaboration on One Health approaches, combining microbiology, veterinary and environmental sciences, epidemiology for outbreak prevention mitigation. Such outbreaks are often caused by spillovers attributed to human activities that encroach wildlife habitats ecosystems, such as land use change, industrialized food production, urbanization animal trade. While origin anthropogenic effects ecology biogeography can be traced Late Pleistocene, archaeological record—a long-term archive human–animal–environmental interactions—has largely been untapped these thus limiting our understanding dynamics over time. In this review, we examine how humans, niche constructors, have facilitated new host species ‘disease-scapes’ from Pleistocene Anthropocene, viewing zooarchaeological, bioarchaeological palaeoecological data with a perspective. We also highlight biomolecular tools advances ‘-omics’ holistically coupled reconstructions service studying disease emergence re-emergence.

Язык: Английский

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The Archaeology of Food

Опубликована: Ноя. 11, 2019

The Archaeology of Food explains how archaeologists reconstruct what people ate, and such reconstructions reveal ancient political struggles, religious practices, ethnic identities, gender norms, more. Balancing deep research with accessible writing, Katheryn Twiss familiarizes readers archaeological data, methods, intellectual approaches as they explore topics ranging from urban commerce to military provisioning ritual feasting. Along the way, examines a range primary evidence, including Roman bars, Aztec statues, Philistine pig remains, Nubian cooking pots, Mississippian squash seeds, bones medieval king. Her book introduces both non-archaeologists study prehistoric historic foodways, illuminates those foodways shaped were by past cultures.

Язык: Английский

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Pleistocene Water Crossings and Adaptive Flexibility Within the Homo Genus

Journal of Archaeological Research, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 29(2), С. 255 - 326

Опубликована: Сен. 14, 2020

Abstract Pleistocene water crossings, long thought to be an innovation of Homo sapiens , may extend beyond our species encompass Middle and Early . However, it remains unclear how crossings differed among hominin populations, the extent which are uniquely flexible in these adaptive behaviors, tempo scale played out different regions. I apply flexibility hypothesis, derived from cognitive ecology, model global data address questions. Water-crossing behaviors appear have emerged regional populations similar ecologies, initially representing nonstrategic range expansion. increasing readiness form connections with novel environments allowed some H. eventually push new extremes, moving sight land, making return maintain social ties build viable founder dramatically shifting subsistence lithic provisioning strategies meet challenges variable ecological settings.

Язык: Английский

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Human-environmental interactions in Mediterranean climate regions from the Pleistocene to the Anthropocene

Anthropocene, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 31, С. 100253 - 100253

Опубликована: Июль 22, 2020

From mobile hunter-gatherers to a series of state societies, Mediterranean climate regions (MED) around the world have been critical areas for human and biological evolution millennia. Comprised five on six continents, MED are important today settlement, global food production, transportation, industry, tourism, but these also extremely vulnerable projected changes in their typically temperate towards more extreme conditions. Researchers strategists exploring implications present future there has limited comparative synthesis past responses environmental climatic change how data may help prepare plan future. This review synthesizes archaeological paleoenvironmental data, focusing key demographic, social, economic, cultural developments that occurred alongside often response disruption. Past influenced broader socio-environmental systems, some cases acting as driver population collapse, large-scale abandonment, migration, socio-political upheaval. These deep time illustrate importance understanding Pleistocene-Holocene human-environmental interactions, land use, evaluate contemporary change.

Язык: Английский

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Changes in parrot diversity after human arrival to the Caribbean

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 120(41)

Опубликована: Сен. 25, 2023

Humans did not arrive on most of the world’s islands until relatively recently, making favorable places for disentangling timing and magnitude natural anthropogenic impacts species diversity distributions. Here, we focus Amazona parrots in Caribbean, which have close relationships with humans (e.g., as pets well sources meat colorful feathers). Caribbean also substantial fossil archaeological records that span Holocene. We leverage this exemplary record to showcase how combining ancient modern DNA, along radiometric dating, can shed light diversification extinction dynamics answer long-standing questions about human region. Our results reveal a striking loss parrot diversity, much took place during occupation islands. The widespread species, Cuban Parrot, exhibits interisland divergences throughout Pleistocene. Within radiation, identified an extinct, genetically distinct lineage survived Turks Caicos Indigenous settlement found narrowly distributed Hispaniolan Parrot had range once included Bahamas; it thus became “endemic” Hispaniola late likely was introduced by people Grand Turk Montserrat, two where is now extirpated. research demonstrates genetic information spanning paleontological, archaeological, contexts essential understand role altering distribution biota.

Язык: Английский

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Reconstructing the complex colonisation histories of lizards across Mediterranean archipelagos

Journal of Biogeography, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 51(2), С. 157 - 172

Опубликована: Окт. 10, 2023

Abstract Aim The Mediterranean Basin is a global biodiversity hotspot and has one of the longest histories human–biota interactions. Islands host large fraction diversity endemism, but relative importance natural versus human‐mediated colonisation processes in shaping distribution genetic structure island fauna remains poorly understood. Here, we combine population genomics, demographic models palaeoshoreline reconstructions to establish island‐colonisation dynamics wall lizards archipelagos. Location Four archipelagos Italy Croatia. Taxon lizard Podarcis siculus. Methods We used ddRAD sequencing genotype 140 from 23 mainland populations. Analyses admixture site frequency spectra were reconstruct structure, history variation gene flow through time. Genomic results integrated with palaeogeographical compared archaeological evidence human presence on these islands. Results Although many populations this species are assumed be non‐native, find that islands colonised long before any known settlements (230,000–12,000 years ago). This most likely occurred land bridges during glacial marine regression or by over‐sea rafting. On other hand, distant continent often recently, some estimated times match historical records arrival. also determine long‐established generally show lower proximate populations, contrary recently must have experienced higher rates post‐colonisation flow. Main Conclusion Our approach provides us power accurately quantify origin, timing mode colonisation. framework helps clarify biogeographical evolutionary important implications for conservation management biodiversity.

Язык: Английский

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