Catalysis Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(22), С. 6561 - 6569
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023
The glycolysis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is considered as the most promising PET recycling strategy due to its mild reaction conditions and circularity.
Язык: Английский
Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9, С. 100673 - 100673
Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2024
It is difficult to reuse wastes from polymers due the mismatch between amount of contaminants and secondary quality feed. This type operation much more expensive cost-effective than production polymer raw materials latest materials. However, recyclable beneficial if used extensively in various concrete products wood-polymer boards. done only cleaning sorting are not particularly important for products. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) a widely industries its excellent physical chemical properties. Besides, increasing use PET has led global crisis waste management, as improper disposal caused significant environmental damage. major source accumulated landfills, address this issue, recycling methods have evolved. In regard, present review examines techniques involved PET. Conventional influence diverse depolymerization reaction variables were discussed, upsides downsides each technique considered. The summarizes advances technologies plastic waste, focusing on bio-recycling PET, aiming sustainable, economical solutions circular economy.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
109
ACS Catalysis, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(15), С. 9307 - 9324
Опубликована: Июль 18, 2022
Plastic waste triggers a series of concerns because its disruptive impact on the environment and ecosystem. From point view catalysis, however, end-of-life plastics can be seen as an untapped feedstock for preparation value-added products. Thus, development diversified catalytic approaches valorization is urgent. Previous reviews this field have systematically summarized progress made plastic reclamation. In review, we emphasize design processes by leveraging state-of-the-art technologies from other developed fields to derive valuable polymers, functional materials, chemicals plastics. The principles, mechanisms, opportunities chemical (thermo-, electro-, photocatalytic) well biocatalytic ones are discussed, which may provide more insights future processes. Finally, outlooks perspectives accelerate toward feasible economy discussed.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
108
Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 61(10)
Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2022
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and CO2 , two chemical wastes that urgently need to be transformed in the environment, are converted simultaneously a one-pot catalytic process through synergistic coupling of three reactions: hydrogenation, PET methanolysis dimethyl (DMT) hydrogenation. More interestingly, equilibria both reactions were shifted forward due revealed dual-promotion effect, leading significantly enhanced depolymerization. The overall methanol yield from hydrogenation exceeded original thermodynamic equilibrium limit since was situ consumed methanolysis. degradation by stoichiometric ratio because primary product, DMT hydrogenated cyclohexanedicarboxylate (DMCD) or p-xylene (PX). This provides an effective way recycle wastes, polyesters for producing high-value chemicals.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
94
Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 124(5), С. 2617 - 2650
Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2024
The societal importance of plastics contrasts with the carelessness which they are disposed. Their superlative properties lead to economic and environmental efficiency, but linearity puts climate, human health, global ecosystems at risk. Recycling is fundamental transitioning this linear model into a more sustainable, circular economy. Among recycling technologies, chemical depolymerization offers route virgin quality recycled plastics, especially when valorizing complex waste streams poorly served by mechanical methods. However, exists in interlinked system end-of-life fates, complementarity each approach key environmental, economic, sustainability. This review explores recent progress made five commercial polymers: poly(ethylene terephthalate), polycarbonates, polyamides, aliphatic polyesters, polyurethanes. Attention paid not only catalytic technologies used enhance efficiencies also interrelationship other systemic constraints imposed Novel polymers, designed for depolymerization, concisely reviewed terms their underlying chemistry potential integration current plastic systems.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
90
Polymer Engineering and Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 63(9), С. 2651 - 2674
Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2023
Abstract Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is used in textile and packaging industries. The main source of PET production fossil fuels with limited capacity. Also, products are single use that transform into high volumes wastes, causing ecosystem problems. Recycling proposed to confront this challenge. four major recycling techniques mechanical, chemical, pyrolysis, enzymatic. Mechanical, enzymatic have constrained capabilities manage waste. Chemical the potential path expanding waste possibility upcycling addressing dirty streams. Several chemical methods introduced discussed literature. five glycolysis, alcoholysis, aminolysis, ammonolysis, hydrolysis. This review describes depolymerization via these introduces hydrolysis as one can depolymerize an organic‐free solvent environment. Hydrolysis tolerates mixed wastes streams including copolymers. It helps avoid challenges attributed using organic solvents reaction systems. Moreover, produces terephthalic acid, monomer, which has recently gained attention initiative monomer for production. focuses on three forms hydrolysis—alkaline, neutral, by presenting background studies, issued patents, recent trends application
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
78
Green Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 26(12), С. 6857 - 6885
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Amongst all synthetic polymers used in the clothing industry, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is most widely polyester, its fibres representing half total PET global market (in comparison bottle being less than a third).
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
36
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 63(8), С. 3355 - 3399
Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2024
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is the most widely produced thermoplastic and used in drink bottles, packaging, textiles. Chemical depolymerization represents a way to recycle PET that robust low purity quality of some waste sources. This work investigates three primary routes depolymerize into feedstocks produce polymer: methanolysis, glycolysis, hydrolysis. unique providing thorough review thermodynamics, chemistry, purification strategies, design processes from an industrial perspective. provides detailed descriptions different variants processes. We summarize available data necessary process indicate where gaps exist. demonstrate importance separation sections process, which are rarely addressed academic literature. also designs strategies technologies employ address challenges.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
22
Recycling, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(3), С. 37 - 37
Опубликована: Май 6, 2024
This review article gathers the most recent recycling technologies for thermoset and thermoplastic polymers. Results about existing experimental procedures their effectiveness are presented. For polymers, focuses mainly on fibre-reinforced polymer composites, with an emphasis epoxy-based systems carbon/glass fibres as reinforcement, due to environmental concerns of end-of-life management. Thermal processes (fluidised bed, pyrolysis) chemical (different types solvolysis) discussed. The combined (microwave, steam, ultrasonic assisted techniques) extraordinary attempts (electrochemical, biological, ionic liquids) analysed. Mechanical that leads downgrading materials is excluded. Insights also given upcycling methodologies have been implemented until now reuse fibres. As state-of-the-art approach common matrices presented, together appropriate additivation matrix upcycling. Mechanical, chemical, enzymatic described, among others. use composites quite new, thus, achievements With all above information, this extensive can serve a guide educational purposes, targeting students technicians in polymers recycling.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
19
Polymers, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(5), С. 628 - 628
Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2025
The growing environmental impact of textile waste, fueled by the rapid rise in global fiber production, underscores urgent need for sustainable end-of-life solutions. This review explores cutting-edge pathways waste management, spotlighting innovations that reduce reliance on incineration and landfilling while driving material circularity. It highlights advancements collection, sorting, pretreatment technologies, as well both established emerging recycling methods. Smart collection systems utilizing tags sensors show great promise streamlining logistics automating pick-up routes transactions. For automated technologies like near-infrared hyperspectral imaging lead way accurate scalable separation. Automated disassembly techniques are effective at removing problematic elements, though other pretreatments, such color finish removal, still to be customized specific streams. Mechanical is ideal textiles with strong mechanical properties but has limitations, particularly blended fabrics, cannot repeated endlessly. Polymer recycling-through melting or dissolving polymers-produces higher-quality recycled materials comes high energy solvent demands. Chemical recycling, especially solvolysis pyrolysis, excels breaking down synthetic polymers polyester, potential yield virgin-quality monomers. Meanwhile, biological methods, their infancy, natural fibers cotton wool. When methods not viable, gasification can used convert into synthesis gas. concludes future hinges integrating sorting advancing solvent-based chemical technologies. These innovations, supported eco-design principles, progressive policies, industry collaboration, essential building a resilient, circular economy.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
6
Chemical Engineering Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 276, С. 118729 - 118729
Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2023
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
38