Mapping the forest disturbance regimes of Europe

Nature Sustainability, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 4(1), С. 63 - 70

Опубликована: Сен. 14, 2020

Язык: Английский

---

Post-disturbance reorganization of forest ecosystems in a changing world

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 119(28)

Опубликована: Июль 5, 2022

Forest ecosystems are strongly impacted by continuing climate change and increasing disturbance activity, but how forest dynamics will respond remains highly uncertain. Here, we argue that a short time window after (i.e., discrete event disrupts prevailing ecosystem structure composition releases resources) is pivotal for future development. Trees establish during this reorganization phase can shape centuries, providing operational early indications of change. While has been fruitfully studied through lens resilience, profound ecological changes be masked resilience versus regime shift dichotomy. We present framework characterizing the full spectrum disturbance, analyzing along dimensions (number, size, spatial arrangement trees) (identity diversity tree species). propose four major pathways which cover persist reorganize following disturbance: (no in composition), restructuring (structure does not), reassembly (composition replacement both change). Regime shifts occur when vegetation altered so profoundly emerging trajectory leads to nonforest. identify fundamental processes underpinning which, if disrupted, deflect away from resilience. To understand predict reorganization, assessing these traits modulating them crucial. A new wave experiments, measurements, models emphasizing further capacity anticipate dynamics.

Язык: Английский

---

Mapping, validating, and interpreting spatio-temporal trends in post-disturbance forest recovery

Remote Sensing of Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 271, С. 112904 - 112904

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2022

The success and rate of forest regeneration has consequences for sustainable management, climate change mitigation, biodiversity, among others. Systematically monitoring over large often remote areas is challenging. Remotely sensed data associated analytical approaches have demonstrated consistent transparent options spatially-explicit characterization vegetation return following disturbance. Moreover, time series satellite imagery enable the establishment spatially meaningful recovery baselines that can provide a benchmark identifying are either under- or over-performing relative to those baselines. This information allows investigation and/or prioritization requiring some form management intervention, including guiding tree planting initiatives. In this research, we assess stand replacing disturbances 650 Mha forested ecosystems Canada period 1985–2017, wherein ~51 Canada's were impacted by wildfire, ~ 21 harvesting. For quantification recovery, implement Years Recovery Y2R metric using Landsat based on Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) relate number years required pixel 80% its pre-disturbance NBR value. By end analyzed period, 76% wildfire considered spectrally recovered compared 93% harvested areas. On average, found harvest had more rapid spectral (mean = 6.1 years) than 10.6 importantly, varied ecozone, disturbance type, land cover, latitude. We used airborne laser scanning whether pixels attained United Nations Food Agricultural Organization benchmarks canopy height (>5 m) cover (>10%) across four geographic regions representing different types. Overall, 87% 97% sampled in harvests wildfires, respectively, achieved at least one benchmarks, with readily cover. analyzing spatial patterns Y2R, identified significant positive negative clustering their recovery. Approximately 3.5–4% disturbed clustering, indicative slower rates; these also less likely Conversely, 0.94% recovering from 1.93% was ecozonal baseline. Herein, sensing intelligence nature disturbance-recovery dynamics moreover, retrospectively quantify characterize historic trends within past three decades implications restoration initiatives near term.

Язык: Английский

---

Novel Disturbance Regimes and Ecological Responses

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 54(1), С. 63 - 83

Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2023

Many natural disturbances have a strong climate forcing, and concern is rising about how ecosystems will respond to disturbance regimes which they are not adapted. Novelty can arise either as attributes of the regime (e.g., frequency, severity, duration) shift beyond their historical ranges variation or new agents present historically emerge. How much novelty ecological systems absorb whether changing lead novel outcomes determined by responses communities, also subject change. Powerful conceptual frameworks exist for anticipating consequences regimes, but these remain challenging apply in real-world settings. Nonlinear relationships tipping points, feedbacks) particular because disproportionate effects. Future research should quantify rise assess capacity changes. Novel be potent catalysts

Язык: Английский

---

Simulating forest resilience: A review

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 29(12), С. 2082 - 2096

Опубликована: Окт. 8, 2020

Simulation models are important tools for quantifying the resilience (i.e., persistence under changed environmental conditions) of forest ecosystems to global change. We synthesized modelling literature on resilience, summarizing common and applications in research, scrutinizing implementation mechanisms these models. Models applied assess highly diverse, our goal was how well they account identified experimental empirical research.

Язык: Английский

---

Do bark beetle outbreaks amplify or dampen future bark beetle disturbances in Central Europe?

Journal of Ecology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 109(2), С. 737 - 749

Опубликована: Сен. 5, 2020

Abstract Bark beetle outbreaks have intensified in many forests around the globe recent years. Yet, legacy of these disturbances for future forest development remains unclear. are expected to increase further because climate change. Consequently, feedbacks within disturbance regime growing interest, example, whether bark amplifying activity (through initiation an even‐aged cohort trees) or dampening it increased structural and compositional diversity). We studied beetle–vegetation–climate interactions Bavarian Forest National Park (Germany), area characterised by unprecedented past. simulated effect on structure composition analysed how disturbance‐mediated dynamics influence under different scenarios used process‐based simulation modelling combination with machine learning disentangle long‐term between vegetation, beetles at landscape scale. Disturbances European spruce were strongly amplified change, increasing 59% 221% compared reference climate. reduced dominance Norway ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) landscape, diversity. decreased diversity stands α diversity) β Overall, changes dampened (a reduction up −67%), but not able fully compensate Synthesis . Our findings indicate that episode was caused a convergence highly susceptible structures climatic conditions favourable outbreaks. While is increasingly conducive massive outbreaks, emerging less likely support them. This study improves our understanding legacies ongoing Central Europe. It indicates provides important feedback, suggests preventing homogenizing post‐disturbance could elevate susceptibility large‐scale

Язык: Английский

---

Earth Observation Based Monitoring of Forests in Germany: A Review

Remote Sensing, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(21), С. 3570 - 3570

Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2020

Forests in Germany cover around 11.4 million hectares and, thus, a share of 32% Germany’s surface area. Therefore, forests shape the character country’s cultural landscape. fulfil variety functions for nature and society, also play an important role context climate levelling. Climate change, manifested via rising temperatures current weather extremes, has negative impact on health development forests. Within last five years, severe storms, extreme drought, heat waves, subsequent mass reproduction bark beetles have all seriously affected Facing dramatic extent forest damage emerging long-term consequences, effort to preserve Germany, along with their diversity productivity, is indispensable task government. Several German ministries plan initiate measures supporting health. Quantitative data one means sound decision-making ensure monitoring improve damage. In addition existing systems, such as federal inventory, national crown condition survey, soil systematic surveys vulnerability at scale can be expanded help satellite-based earth observation. this review, we analysed categorized research studies published 20 years that focus remote sensing Germany. For study, 166 citation indexed publications been thoroughly respect publication frequency, location undertaken, spatial temporal scale, coverage studies, satellite sensors employed, thematic foci overall outcomes, allowing us identify major geoinformation product gaps.

Язык: Английский

---

Post‐disturbance canopy recovery and the resilience of Europe’s forests

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 31(1), С. 25 - 36

Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2021

Abstract Aim Forest ecosystems around the globe are facing increasing natural and human disturbances. Increasing disturbances can challenge forest resilience, that is, capacity of forests to sustain their functions services in face disturbance. Quantifying resilience across large spatial extents remains challenging, as it requires assessment ability recover from Here we analysed Europe’s by means satellite‐based recovery disturbance indicators. Location Continental Europe (35 countries). Time period 1986–2018. Major taxa studied Gymnosperm angiosperm woody plant species. Methods We used a comprehensive set manually interpreted reference plots random regression model annual canopy cover remote sensing data more than 30 million patches over time From series cover, estimated takes disturbed areas pre‐disturbance levels using space‐for‐time substitution. quantified ratio between intervals, with critical defined where occurred faster recovery. Results On average Europe, within years. The is high, being > 10 times on 69% area. However, 14% had low or occurring fast recover. Main conclusions conclude widely resilient past regimes, yet changing climate regimes could erode resilience.

Язык: Английский

---

Economic losses from natural disturbances in Norway spruce forests – A quantification using Monte-Carlo simulations

Ecological Economics, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 185, С. 107046 - 107046

Опубликована: Март 30, 2021

Язык: Английский

---

Seeing the System from Above: The Use and Potential of Remote Sensing for Studying Ecosystem Dynamics

Ecosystems, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 25(8), С. 1719 - 1737

Опубликована: Сен. 7, 2022

Abstract Remote sensing techniques are increasingly used for studying ecosystem dynamics, delivering spatially explicit information on the properties of Earth over large spatial and multi-decadal temporal extents. Yet, there is still a gap between more technology-driven development novel remote their applications dynamics. Here, I review existing literature to explore how addressing these gaps might enable recent methods overcome longstanding challenges in ecological research. First, trace emergence as major tool understanding Second, examine developments field that particular importance Third, consider opportunities emerging open data software policies suggest at its most powerful when it theoretically motivated rigorously ground-truthed. close with an outlook four exciting new research frontiers will define ecology upcoming decade.

Язык: Английский

---