International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
108, С. 102754 - 102754
Опубликована: Март 25, 2022
Understanding
post-fire
recovery
dynamics
is
critical
for
effective
management
that
enhance
forest
resilience
to
fire.
Mediterranean
pine
forests
have
been
largely
affected
by
wildfires,
but
the
impacts
of
both
changes
in
land
use
and
climate
endanger
their
capacity
naturally
recover.
Multispectral
imagery
commonly
used
estimate
recovery,
yet
structure
must
be
considered
a
comprehensive
evaluation
recovery.
In
this
research,
we
combine
Light
Detection
And
Ranging
(LiDAR)
with
Landsat
extrapolate
variables
over
30-year
period
(1990–2020)
provide
insights
on
how
has
recovered
after
fire
forests.
Forest
was
evaluated
attending
vegetation
cover
(VC),
tree
(TC),
mean
height
(MH)
heterogeneity
(CVH).
Structure
were
derived
from
two
LiDAR
acquisitions
2016
2009,
calibration
independent
spatial
temporal
validation.
A
Support
Vector
Regression
model
(SVR)
calibrated
LiDAR-derived
using
series
imagery,
achieving
an
R2
0.78,
0.64,
0.70
0.63,
relative
RMSE
24.4%,
30.2%,
36.5%
27.4%
VC,
TC,
MH
CVH,
respectively.
Models
showed
consistent
validation,
although
wider
variability
observed,
ranging
0.51
0.74.
different
response
revealed
since
pre-fire
state
did
not
26-years
Less
than
50%
area
completely
within
26
years,
subjected
recurrence
signs
greater
difficulty
initiating
Our
results
valuable
information
which
can
support
implementation
mitigation
adaptation
strategies
resilience.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
119(28)
Опубликована: Июль 5, 2022
Forest
ecosystems
are
strongly
impacted
by
continuing
climate
change
and
increasing
disturbance
activity,
but
how
forest
dynamics
will
respond
remains
highly
uncertain.
Here,
we
argue
that
a
short
time
window
after
(i.e.,
discrete
event
disrupts
prevailing
ecosystem
structure
composition
releases
resources)
is
pivotal
for
future
development.
Trees
establish
during
this
reorganization
phase
can
shape
centuries,
providing
operational
early
indications
of
change.
While
has
been
fruitfully
studied
through
lens
resilience,
profound
ecological
changes
be
masked
resilience
versus
regime
shift
dichotomy.
We
present
framework
characterizing
the
full
spectrum
disturbance,
analyzing
along
dimensions
(number,
size,
spatial
arrangement
trees)
(identity
diversity
tree
species).
propose
four
major
pathways
which
cover
persist
reorganize
following
disturbance:
(no
in
composition),
restructuring
(structure
does
not),
reassembly
(composition
replacement
both
change).
Regime
shifts
occur
when
vegetation
altered
so
profoundly
emerging
trajectory
leads
to
nonforest.
identify
fundamental
processes
underpinning
which,
if
disrupted,
deflect
away
from
resilience.
To
understand
predict
reorganization,
assessing
these
traits
modulating
them
crucial.
A
new
wave
experiments,
measurements,
models
emphasizing
further
capacity
anticipate
dynamics.
Remote Sensing of Environment,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
271, С. 112904 - 112904
Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2022
The
success
and
rate
of
forest
regeneration
has
consequences
for
sustainable
management,
climate
change
mitigation,
biodiversity,
among
others.
Systematically
monitoring
over
large
often
remote
areas
is
challenging.
Remotely
sensed
data
associated
analytical
approaches
have
demonstrated
consistent
transparent
options
spatially-explicit
characterization
vegetation
return
following
disturbance.
Moreover,
time
series
satellite
imagery
enable
the
establishment
spatially
meaningful
recovery
baselines
that
can
provide
a
benchmark
identifying
are
either
under-
or
over-performing
relative
to
those
baselines.
This
information
allows
investigation
and/or
prioritization
requiring
some
form
management
intervention,
including
guiding
tree
planting
initiatives.
In
this
research,
we
assess
stand
replacing
disturbances
650
Mha
forested
ecosystems
Canada
period
1985–2017,
wherein
~51
Canada's
were
impacted
by
wildfire,
~
21
harvesting.
For
quantification
recovery,
implement
Years
Recovery
Y2R
metric
using
Landsat
based
on
Normalized
Burn
Ratio
(NBR)
relate
number
years
required
pixel
80%
its
pre-disturbance
NBR
value.
By
end
analyzed
period,
76%
wildfire
considered
spectrally
recovered
compared
93%
harvested
areas.
On
average,
found
harvest
had
more
rapid
spectral
(mean
=
6.1
years)
than
10.6
importantly,
varied
ecozone,
disturbance
type,
land
cover,
latitude.
We
used
airborne
laser
scanning
whether
pixels
attained
United
Nations
Food
Agricultural
Organization
benchmarks
canopy
height
(>5
m)
cover
(>10%)
across
four
geographic
regions
representing
different
types.
Overall,
87%
97%
sampled
in
harvests
wildfires,
respectively,
achieved
at
least
one
benchmarks,
with
readily
cover.
analyzing
spatial
patterns
Y2R,
identified
significant
positive
negative
clustering
their
recovery.
Approximately
3.5–4%
disturbed
clustering,
indicative
slower
rates;
these
also
less
likely
Conversely,
0.94%
recovering
from
1.93%
was
ecozonal
baseline.
Herein,
sensing
intelligence
nature
disturbance-recovery
dynamics
moreover,
retrospectively
quantify
characterize
historic
trends
within
past
three
decades
implications
restoration
initiatives
near
term.
Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
54(1), С. 63 - 83
Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2023
Many
natural
disturbances
have
a
strong
climate
forcing,
and
concern
is
rising
about
how
ecosystems
will
respond
to
disturbance
regimes
which
they
are
not
adapted.
Novelty
can
arise
either
as
attributes
of
the
regime
(e.g.,
frequency,
severity,
duration)
shift
beyond
their
historical
ranges
variation
or
new
agents
present
historically
emerge.
How
much
novelty
ecological
systems
absorb
whether
changing
lead
novel
outcomes
determined
by
responses
communities,
also
subject
change.
Powerful
conceptual
frameworks
exist
for
anticipating
consequences
regimes,
but
these
remain
challenging
apply
in
real-world
settings.
Nonlinear
relationships
tipping
points,
feedbacks)
particular
because
disproportionate
effects.
Future
research
should
quantify
rise
assess
capacity
changes.
Novel
be
potent
catalysts
Global Ecology and Biogeography,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
29(12), С. 2082 - 2096
Опубликована: Окт. 8, 2020
Simulation
models
are
important
tools
for
quantifying
the
resilience
(i.e.,
persistence
under
changed
environmental
conditions)
of
forest
ecosystems
to
global
change.
We
synthesized
modelling
literature
on
resilience,
summarizing
common
and
applications
in
research,
scrutinizing
implementation
mechanisms
these
models.
Models
applied
assess
highly
diverse,
our
goal
was
how
well
they
account
identified
experimental
empirical
research.
Journal of Ecology,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
109(2), С. 737 - 749
Опубликована: Сен. 5, 2020
Abstract
Bark
beetle
outbreaks
have
intensified
in
many
forests
around
the
globe
recent
years.
Yet,
legacy
of
these
disturbances
for
future
forest
development
remains
unclear.
are
expected
to
increase
further
because
climate
change.
Consequently,
feedbacks
within
disturbance
regime
growing
interest,
example,
whether
bark
amplifying
activity
(through
initiation
an
even‐aged
cohort
trees)
or
dampening
it
increased
structural
and
compositional
diversity).
We
studied
beetle–vegetation–climate
interactions
Bavarian
Forest
National
Park
(Germany),
area
characterised
by
unprecedented
past.
simulated
effect
on
structure
composition
analysed
how
disturbance‐mediated
dynamics
influence
under
different
scenarios
used
process‐based
simulation
modelling
combination
with
machine
learning
disentangle
long‐term
between
vegetation,
beetles
at
landscape
scale.
Disturbances
European
spruce
were
strongly
amplified
change,
increasing
59%
221%
compared
reference
climate.
reduced
dominance
Norway
(
Picea
abies
(L.)
Karst.)
landscape,
diversity.
decreased
diversity
stands
α
diversity)
β
Overall,
changes
dampened
(a
reduction
up
−67%),
but
not
able
fully
compensate
Synthesis
.
Our
findings
indicate
that
episode
was
caused
a
convergence
highly
susceptible
structures
climatic
conditions
favourable
outbreaks.
While
is
increasingly
conducive
massive
outbreaks,
emerging
less
likely
support
them.
This
study
improves
our
understanding
legacies
ongoing
Central
Europe.
It
indicates
provides
important
feedback,
suggests
preventing
homogenizing
post‐disturbance
could
elevate
susceptibility
large‐scale
Remote Sensing,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
12(21), С. 3570 - 3570
Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2020
Forests
in
Germany
cover
around
11.4
million
hectares
and,
thus,
a
share
of
32%
Germany’s
surface
area.
Therefore,
forests
shape
the
character
country’s
cultural
landscape.
fulfil
variety
functions
for
nature
and
society,
also
play
an
important
role
context
climate
levelling.
Climate
change,
manifested
via
rising
temperatures
current
weather
extremes,
has
negative
impact
on
health
development
forests.
Within
last
five
years,
severe
storms,
extreme
drought,
heat
waves,
subsequent
mass
reproduction
bark
beetles
have
all
seriously
affected
Facing
dramatic
extent
forest
damage
emerging
long-term
consequences,
effort
to
preserve
Germany,
along
with
their
diversity
productivity,
is
indispensable
task
government.
Several
German
ministries
plan
initiate
measures
supporting
health.
Quantitative
data
one
means
sound
decision-making
ensure
monitoring
improve
damage.
In
addition
existing
systems,
such
as
federal
inventory,
national
crown
condition
survey,
soil
systematic
surveys
vulnerability
at
scale
can
be
expanded
help
satellite-based
earth
observation.
this
review,
we
analysed
categorized
research
studies
published
20
years
that
focus
remote
sensing
Germany.
For
study,
166
citation
indexed
publications
been
thoroughly
respect
publication
frequency,
location
undertaken,
spatial
temporal
scale,
coverage
studies,
satellite
sensors
employed,
thematic
foci
overall
outcomes,
allowing
us
identify
major
geoinformation
product
gaps.
Global Ecology and Biogeography,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
31(1), С. 25 - 36
Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2021
Abstract
Aim
Forest
ecosystems
around
the
globe
are
facing
increasing
natural
and
human
disturbances.
Increasing
disturbances
can
challenge
forest
resilience,
that
is,
capacity
of
forests
to
sustain
their
functions
services
in
face
disturbance.
Quantifying
resilience
across
large
spatial
extents
remains
challenging,
as
it
requires
assessment
ability
recover
from
Here
we
analysed
Europe’s
by
means
satellite‐based
recovery
disturbance
indicators.
Location
Continental
Europe
(35
countries).
Time
period
1986–2018.
Major
taxa
studied
Gymnosperm
angiosperm
woody
plant
species.
Methods
We
used
a
comprehensive
set
manually
interpreted
reference
plots
random
regression
model
annual
canopy
cover
remote
sensing
data
more
than
30
million
patches
over
time
From
series
cover,
estimated
takes
disturbed
areas
pre‐disturbance
levels
using
space‐for‐time
substitution.
quantified
ratio
between
intervals,
with
critical
defined
where
occurred
faster
recovery.
Results
On
average
Europe,
within
years.
The
is
high,
being
>
10
times
on
69%
area.
However,
14%
had
low
or
occurring
fast
recover.
Main
conclusions
conclude
widely
resilient
past
regimes,
yet
changing
climate
regimes
could
erode
resilience.
Ecosystems,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
25(8), С. 1719 - 1737
Опубликована: Сен. 7, 2022
Abstract
Remote
sensing
techniques
are
increasingly
used
for
studying
ecosystem
dynamics,
delivering
spatially
explicit
information
on
the
properties
of
Earth
over
large
spatial
and
multi-decadal
temporal
extents.
Yet,
there
is
still
a
gap
between
more
technology-driven
development
novel
remote
their
applications
dynamics.
Here,
I
review
existing
literature
to
explore
how
addressing
these
gaps
might
enable
recent
methods
overcome
longstanding
challenges
in
ecological
research.
First,
trace
emergence
as
major
tool
understanding
Second,
examine
developments
field
that
particular
importance
Third,
consider
opportunities
emerging
open
data
software
policies
suggest
at
its
most
powerful
when
it
theoretically
motivated
rigorously
ground-truthed.
close
with
an
outlook
four
exciting
new
research
frontiers
will
define
ecology
upcoming
decade.