The Effects of Climate Change Scenarios on Carpinus betulus and Carpinus orientalis in Europe

Water Air & Soil Pollution, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 233(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2022

Язык: Английский

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State of Wildfires 2023–2024

Earth system science data, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(8), С. 3601 - 3685

Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2024

Abstract. Climate change contributes to the increased frequency and intensity of wildfires globally, with significant impacts on society environment. However, our understanding global distribution extreme fires remains skewed, primarily influenced by media coverage regionalised research efforts. This inaugural State Wildfires report systematically analyses fire activity worldwide, identifying events from March 2023–February 2024 season. We assess causes, predictability, attribution these climate land use forecast future risks under different scenarios. During 2023–2024 season, 3.9×106 km2 burned slightly below average previous seasons, but carbon (C) emissions were 16 % above average, totalling 2.4 Pg C. Global C record in Canadian boreal forests (over 9 times average) reduced low African savannahs. Notable included record-breaking extent Canada, largest recorded wildfire European Union (Greece), drought-driven western Amazonia northern parts South America, deadly Hawaii (100 deaths) Chile (131 deaths). Over 232 000 people evacuated Canada alone, highlighting severity human impact. Our revealed that multiple drivers needed cause areas activity. In Greece, a combination high weather an abundance dry fuels probability fires, whereas area anomalies weaker regions lower fuel loads higher direct suppression, particularly Canada. Fire prediction showed mild anomalous signal 1 2 months advance, Greece had shorter predictability horizons. Attribution indicated modelled up 40 %, 18 50 due during respectively. Meanwhile, seasons magnitudes has significantly anthropogenic change, 2.9–3.6-fold increase likelihood 20.0–28.5-fold Amazonia. By end century, similar magnitude 2023 are projected occur 6.3–10.8 more frequently medium–high emission scenario (SSP370). represents first annual effort catalogue events, explain their occurrence, predict risks. consolidating state-of-the-art science delivering key insights relevant policymakers, disaster management services, firefighting agencies, managers, we aim enhance society's resilience promote advances preparedness, mitigation, adaptation. New datasets presented this work available https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11400539 (Jones et al., 2024) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11420742 (Kelley 2024a).

Язык: Английский

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Global pattern of forest disturbances and its shift under climate change

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 915, С. 170117 - 170117

Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Forest Biodiversity in Europe

From science to policy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 1, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Managing for the unexpected: Building resilient forest landscapes to cope with global change

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 28(14), С. 4323 - 4341

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2022

Natural disturbances exacerbated by novel climate regimes are increasing worldwide, threatening the ability of forest ecosystems to mitigate global warming through carbon sequestration and provide other key ecosystem services. One way cope with unknown disturbance events is promote ecological resilience both functional trait structural diversity fostering connectivity landscape ensure a rapid efficient self-reorganization system. We investigated how expected unexpected variations in biotic affect storage forested region southeastern Canada. Using process-based model (LANDIS-II), we simulated responses change insect outbreaks under different policy scenarios-including approach based on diversification network analysis-and tested potentially most damaging pests interact changes composition structure due changing management. found that warming, lengthening vegetation season, will increase productivity storage, but impacts drought drastically reduce such variables. Generalist, non-native insects feeding hardwood agents for our region, their monitoring early detection should be priority authorities. Higher driven climate-smart management fostered promotes warm-adapted species, might severity. However, alternative scenarios led higher as well connectivity-and thus resilience-than conventional Our results demonstrate adopting landscape-scale perspective planning interventions strategically space diversify forests promising enhancing stressors.

Язык: Английский

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Responses to Drought Stress in Poplar: What Do We Know and What Can We Learn?

Life, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(2), С. 533 - 533

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2023

Poplar (Populus spp.) is a high-value crop for wood and biomass production model organism tree physiology genomics. The early release, in 2006, of the complete genome sequence P. trichocarpa was followed by wealth studies that significantly enriched our knowledge complex pathways inherent to woody plants, such as lignin biosynthesis secondary cell wall deposition. Recently, attempt cope with challenges posed ongoing climate change, fundamental breeding programs poplar have gradually shifted their focus address responses abiotic stresses, particularly drought. Taking advantage from set modern genomic phenotyping tools, these are now shedding light on important processes, including embolism formation (the entry expansion air bubbles xylem) repair, impact drought stress yield quality, long-term effects events. In this review, we summarize status research molecular bases poplar. We highlight how can be exploited select more tolerant genotypes it translated other species improve understanding forest dynamics under rapidly changing environmental conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Environmental DNA metabarcoding from flowers reveals arthropod pollinators, plant pests, parasites, and potential predator–prey interactions while revealing more arthropod diversity than camera traps

Environmental DNA, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 5(3), С. 551 - 569

Опубликована: Март 29, 2023

Abstract Arthropods can strongly impact ecosystems through pollination, herbivory, predation, and parasitism. As such, characterizing arthropod biodiversity is vital to understanding ecosystem health, functions, services. Emerging environmental DNA (eDNA) methods targeting trace eDNA left behind on flowers have the potential track interactions. The goal of this study was determine extent which metabarcoding identify plant‐arthropod arthropod‐arthropod interactions assess compared conventional sampling. We deployed camera traps document activity specific flowers, sampled from those same then performed a analysis that targets partial fragment cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) all present. found our detected small pollinators, plant pests, parasites, shed light predator–prey while detecting 55 species just 21 trapping. trapping survey, however, larger, more conspicuous nectarivores successfully. also explored ecology residual eDNA, finding rainfall had significant negative effect ability detect eDNA. Preliminary evidence indicates flower may amount be detected. provide clues highlights insights gained future studies. show valuable tool for not only pollinator communities but revealing among plants, predators. Future research should focus how improve detection large pollinators/nectivores studying further explore method's utility.

Язык: Английский

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Challenges for the Sustainable Management of the Boreal Forest Under Climate Change

Advances in global change research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown, С. 773 - 837

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Abstract The increasing effects of climate and global change oblige ecosystem-based management to adapt forestry practices deal with uncertainties. Here we provide an overview identify the challenges facing boreal forest under projected future change, including altered natural disturbance regimes, biodiversity loss, increased fragmentation, rapid loss old-growth forests, need develop novel silvicultural approaches. We specifically address subjects previously lacking from framework, e.g., Indigenous communities, social concerns, ecological restoration, impacts on aquatic ecosystems. conclude by providing recommendations for ensuring successful long-term biome change.

Язык: Английский

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Partner or perish: tree microbiomes and climate change

Trends in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 29(9), С. 1029 - 1040

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Mapping ecosystem services in urban and peri‑urban areas. A systematic review

Geography and sustainability, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(3), С. 491 - 509

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2024

Urban and peri‑urban ecosystems are subjected to an intense impact. The demand for ecosystem services (ES) is higher in these areas. Nevertheless, despite the anthropogenic pressures, urban supply important ES. Mapping a crucial exercise understand ES dynamics environments better. This work aims systematically review mapping areas studies, following Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-alpha Methods. A total of 207 studies were selected. results show increased between 2011 2023, mainly conducted Europe China. Most developed did not follow established classification. focused on dimension, regulation maintenance section. Regarding provisioning ES, most Cultivating terrestrial plants nutrition, regulating maintaining Atmospheric composition conditions, cultural Physical experiential interactions with natural environment. Quantitative methods mostly applied Indicator-based (secondary data: biophysical, socio-economic) models. Very few validated outputs. Several forecasted primarily based land use changes using CA-Markov approaches. study provides overview mapped globally, where more need be conducted, developed.

Язык: Английский

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