The mechanism of microglia-mediated immune inflammation in ischemic stroke and the role of natural botanical components in regulating microglia: A review

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2023

Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the most fatal diseases. Neuroimmunity, inflammation, and oxidative stress play important roles in various complex mechanisms IS. In particular, early proinflammatory response resulting from overactivation resident microglia infiltration circulating monocytes macrophages brain after cerebral ischemia leads to secondary injury. Microglia are innate immune cells that constantly monitor microenvironment under normal conditions. Once occurs, activated produce dual effects neurotoxicity neuroprotection, balance two determines fate damaged neurons. The activation defined as classical (M1 type) or alternative (M2 type). M1 type secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines neurotoxic mediators exacerbate neuronal damage, while M2 promote a repairing anti-inflammatory response. Fine regulation M1/M2 microglial minimize damage maximize protection has therapeutic value. This review focuses on interaction between other involved IS phenotypic characteristics, mechanism natural plant components regulating IS, providing novel candidate drugs for drug development.

Язык: Английский

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Neuregulin-1, a member of the epidermal growth factor family, mitigates STING-mediated pyroptosis and necroptosis in ischaemic flaps

Burns & Trauma, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract Background Ensuring the survival of distal end a random flap during hypoperfusion (ischaemia) is difficult in clinical practice. Effective prevention programmed cell death potential strategy for inhibiting ischaemic necrosis. The activation stimulator interferon genes (STING) pathway promotes inflammation and leads to death. epidermal growth factor family member neuregulin-1 (NRG1) reduces by activating protein kinase B (AKT) signalling pathway. Moreover, AKT negatively regulates STING activity. We aimed verify efficacy NRG1 injection protecting against Additionally, we investigated whether effectively enhances ischemic pyroptosis necroptosis through suppression. Methods A random-pattern skin model was generated on backs C57BL/6 mice. area determined. blood supply vascular network assessed laser Doppler flow analysis. Cluster differentiation 34 immunohistochemistry (IHC) haematoxylin eosin (H&E) staining sections revealed microvessels. Transcriptome sequencing analysis mechanism which flaps. levels angiogenesis, oxidative stress, necroptosis, indicators associated with pathways flaps were examined IHC, immunofluorescence Western blotting. Packaging adeno-associated virus (AAV) used activate Results promoted An increased subcutaneous neovascularization found after application NRG1. Transcriptomic gene ontology enrichment level detection indicated that activity reduced group. phosphorylation forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) treatment. expression induced AAV reversed therapeutic effect ability phosphorylate AKT-FOXO3a, inhibit promote abolished inhibitor MK2206. Conclusions inhibits AKT-FOXO3a suppress survival.

Язык: Английский

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Lactate dehydrogenase A mediated histone lactylation induced the pyroptosis through targeting HMGB1

Metabolic Brain Disease, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 38(5), С. 1543 - 1553

Опубликована: Март 4, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Potential Role of Natural Antioxidants in Countering Reperfusion Injury in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Ischemic Stroke

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(9), С. 1760 - 1760

Опубликована: Сен. 13, 2023

Stroke and acute myocardial infarction are leading causes of mortality worldwide. The latter accounts for approximately 9 million deaths annually. In turn, ischemic stroke is a significant contributor to adult physical disability globally. While reperfusion crucial tissue recovery, it can paradoxically exacerbate damage through oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, cell death. Therefore, imperative explore diverse approaches aimed at minimizing ischemia/reperfusion injury enhance clinical outcomes. OS primarily arises from an excessive generation reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or decreased endogenous antioxidant potential. Natural compounds counteract the mechanisms linked ROS. promising preclinical results, based on monotherapies, account protective effects against by ROS, translating these models into human applications has yielded controversial evidence. However, since wide spectrum antioxidants having chemical characteristics offers varied biological actions signaling pathways, multitherapy emerged as valuable therapeutic resource. Moreover, combination in holds potential synergistic effects. This study was designed with aim providing updated overview natural suitable preventing cerebral injuries.

Язык: Английский

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B. glomerulata Promotes Neuroprotection Against Ischemic Stroke by Inhibiting Apoptosis through the Activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway

Phytomedicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 132, С. 155817 - 155817

Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2024

Brassaiopsis glomerulata (Blum) Regel (B.glomerulata) is recognized as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) primarily used for promoting blood circulation and removing stasis. It frequently utilized in the treatment of injuries resulting from falls bumps.

Язык: Английский

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Tapping into Nature’s Arsenal: Harnessing the Potential of Natural Antioxidants for Human Health and Disease Prevention

Foods, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(13), С. 1999 - 1999

Опубликована: Июнь 25, 2024

Numerous natural antioxidants commonly found in our daily diet have demonstrated significant benefits for human health and various diseases by counteracting the impact of reactive oxygen nitrogen species. Their chemical properties enable a range biological actions, including antihypertensive, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, anticancer effects. Despite promising outcomes from preclinical studies, ongoing debate persists regarding their reproducibility clinical models. This controversy largely stems lack understanding pharmacokinetic these compounds, coupled with predominant focus on monotherapies research, neglecting potential synergistic effects arising combining different antioxidants. study aims to provide an updated overview antioxidants, operating under hypothesis that multitherapeutic approach surpasses monotherapy efficacy. Additionally, this underscores importance integrating into diet, as they prevent onset progression diseases. To reinforce perspective, findings pertaining treatment prevention non-alcoholic fatty liver disease conditions associated ischemia reperfusion phenomena, myocardial infarction, postoperative atrial fibrillation, stroke, are presented key references.

Язык: Английский

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Crosstalk among mitophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis in central nervous system injuries

Neural Regeneration Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 19(8), С. 1660 - 1670

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2023

Central nervous system injuries have a high rate of resulting in disability and mortality; however, at present, effective treatments are lacking. Programmed cell death, which is genetically determined form active ordered death with many types, has recently attracted increasing attention due to its functions determining the fate survival. A growing number studies suggested that programmed involved central plays an important role progression brain damage. In this review, we provide overview injuries, including pathways mitophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, underlying mechanisms by mitophagy regulates necroptosis. We also discuss new direction therapeutic strategies targeting for treatment aim determine connection between identify therapies modulate following injury. conclusion, based on these properties effects, interventions could be developed as potential agents injury patients.

Язык: Английский

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Mechanism of PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis in cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16

Опубликована: Июль 10, 2023

Cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a series of cascade reactions that occur after blood flow recanalization in the ischemic zone patients with cerebral infarction, causing an imbalance intracellular homeostasis through multiple pathologies such as increased oxygen free radicals, inflammatory response, calcium overload, and impaired energy metabolism, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction ultimately apoptosis. Rescue reversibly damaged neurons hemispheric key saving brain infarction reducing neurological deficits. Complex active functions are highly dependent on adequate supply from mitochondria. Mitochondrial biogenesis (MB), process generates new functional mitochondria restores normal function by replacing mitochondria, major mechanism for maintaining intra-mitochondrial involved quality control ameliorate thus protects against CIRI. The main regulator MB peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), which improves protect CIRI activating its downstream nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) transcription A (TFAM) promote genome replication transcription. This paper provides theoretical reference treatment impairment caused discussing mechanisms during injury.

Язык: Английский

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A Promising Application of Injectable Hydrogels in Nerve Repair and Regeneration for Ischemic Stroke

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер Volume 19, С. 327 - 345

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract: Ischemic stroke, a condition that often leads to severe nerve damage, induces complex pathological and physiological changes in tissue. The mature central nervous system (CNS) lacks intrinsic regenerative capacity, resulting poor prognosis long-term neurological impairments. There is no available therapy can fully restore CNS functionality. However, the utilization of injectable hydrogels has emerged as promising strategy for repair regeneration. Injectable possess exceptional properties, such biocompatibility, tunable mechanical ability provide supportive environment cell growth tissue Recently, various hydrogel-based engineering approaches, including encapsulation, controlled release therapeutic factors, incorporation bioactive molecules, have demonstrated great potential treatment injuries caused by ischemic stroke. This article aims comprehensive review application development stroke-induced injuries, shedding light on their prospects, challenges, recent advancements, future directions. Additionally, it will discuss underlying mechanisms involved hydrogel-mediated regeneration, well need further preclinical clinical studies validate efficacy safety. Keywords: system, hydrogels, neural restoration, regeneration

Язык: Английский

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Supplementation with a Symbiotic Induced Neuroprotection and Improved Memory in Rats with Ischemic Stroke

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(1), С. 209 - 209

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2024

After an ischemic stroke, various harmful mechanisms contribute to tissue damage, including the inflammatory response. The increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines has been related greater damage neural and promotion of neurological alterations, cognitive impairment. Recent research shown that use prebiotics and/or probiotics counteracts inflammation improves function through production growth factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), by reducing molecules. Therefore, this study, effect symbiotic inulin

Язык: Английский

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