Introducing the North American project to evaluate soil health measurements

Agronomy Journal, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 112(4), С. 3195 - 3215

Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2020

Abstract The North American Project to Evaluate Soil Health Measurements was initiated with the objective identify widely applicable soil health measurements for evaluation of agricultural management practices intended improve health. More than 20 indicators were chosen assessment across 120 long‐term research sites spanning from north‐central Canada southern Mexico. being evaluated include common standard measures soil, but also newer techniques visible and near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy, a smart phone app, metagenomics. aim using consistent sampling analytical protocols selected provide database indicator results that can be used better understand how land use has affected condition ecosystem provisioning biomass production water resources, as well nutrient C cycling. this paper is documentation overall design, methods employed sensitive practices, pedologies, geographies.

Язык: Английский

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Cover Crops and Returning Residue Impact on Soil Organic Carbon, Bulk Density, Penetration Resistance, Water Retention, Infiltration, and Soybean Yield

Agronomy Journal, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 111(1), С. 99 - 108

Опубликована: Сен. 13, 2018

Core Ideas Residue returned increased organic carbon and reduced bulk density compared to residue not returned. water retention infiltration cover crop soil volumetric content storage. Cover with no crop. the soybean yield by 14% management crops (CC) can conserve moisture thus has a potential increase yield, but its effectiveness varies significantly region cropping system management. A study was conducted at Brookings, SD, on fine‐silty, mixed, superactive, frigid, Calcic/Pachic Hapludolls soils understand impact of CC properties soil‐water dynamics for ( Glycine max L.) grown after corn Zea mays L.). The site had two treatments (residue [RR] [RNR]) under no‐till corn–soybean rotation. Each treatment later subdivided include (NCC) treatments. Results from this 3 yr (2014, 2015, 2016) showed that RR (1.30 Mg m – ) 7% lower (BD) RNR (1.40 ). Soil (SOC) 22% higher (26.2 g kg 1 (21.5 66% (108 mm h (64.8 Similarly, in (111 80% NCC (61.7 Overall, NCC. Data suggest use are beneficial improving properties, conserving enhancing yield.

Язык: Английский

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Alternative Management Practices Improve Soil Health Indices in Intensive Vegetable Cropping Systems: A Review

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 6

Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2018

An increase in intensive cropping would benefit society by providing food to a growing population, and vegetable production is an excellent example of systems that are indeed on the rise. Vegetable high-input generally require large quantities fertilization, frequent irrigation, repeated tillage operations. Consequently, global may have seriously negative impacts soil health ecosystem services. Yet, not only maintaining but improving critical enhancing sustainability systems. Previous agricultural research mainly focused field crop largely ignored systems; consequently, this represents conspicuous gap, one must be addressed order make progress towards sustainable production. Here, we review literature gain better understanding how management has influenced various indices (soil biology, chemistry, physical dynamics) evaluate implications for services We found alternative modifications conventional systems, which resemble methods used organic or conservation agriculture, tended improve aspects health. For example, amendments improved chemical – carbon levels nitrogen reserves particular. Incorporation cover crops rotations recycling via reduced nitrate leaching risks, increased levels, weed suppression. Reduced were rare, presenting important challenge opportunity further dynamics Notably, adopting practices had no effect yields, implies little risk yield penalties when agronomic carefully planned. Our results indicate future embody blend between ideologies maintain functioning.

Язык: Английский

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Carbon Sequestration to Avoid Soil Degradation: A Review on the Role of Conservation Tillage

Plants, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10(10), С. 2001 - 2001

Опубликована: Сен. 24, 2021

Human efforts to produce more food for increasing populations leave marks on the environment. The use of conventional agricultural practices, including intensive tillage based removal crop residue, has magnified soil erosion and degradation. In recent years, progressive increase in concentration greenhouse gases (GHGs) created global interest identifying different sustainable strategies order reduce their atmosphere. Carbon stored is 2–4 times higher than that atmosphere four when compared carbon vegetation. process sequestration (CS) involves transferring CO2 from into or storage other forms either defer mitigate warming avoid dangerous climate change. present review discusses potential soils sequestering mitigating accelerated effects by adopting management practices. A significant amount organic (SOC) could be sequestered conversion conservation tillage. most important aspect agriculture thought improve plant growth health without damaging processes change mitigation adaptation, zero been found eco-friendly method among techniques. No-till practice considered enable cropping intensification meet future demands. Although no-tillage suggests merely absence tillage, reality, several components need applied a system guarantee equal yields better environmental performance systems.

Язык: Английский

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Long-term effects of crop rotation, tillage, and fertilizer nitrogen on soil health indicators and crop productivity in a temperate climate

Soil and Tillage Research, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 213, С. 105121 - 105121

Опубликована: Июль 9, 2021

Although diversifying crop rotations with perennials and cover crops implementing no-tillage practices has been promoted as an effective strategy for increasing soil carbon nitrogen storage in the long-term, uncertainty still remains, particularly regarding association between productivity health. Therefore, using two long-term experiments, we investigated effects of rotation, tillage system, fertilizer application (at Ridgetown only) on surface (0−15 cm depth) parameters (soil organic (SOC), total (TN), commercial health tests (evolved CO2 NH3 indicating microbial activity)), yield 2016. We used 5-yr average variability to test relationship SOC TN stability. Results indicated that diversification corn soybean their monocultures crops, perennials, small grain cereals enhanced indicators (by 32% at (21 yr) 49% Elora (36 yr)) (16% 29% Elora). At Ridgetown, was 10.4% greater including red clover corn-soybean-winter wheat than monoculture corn. Similarly, by 25% when alfalfa added Elora. Nitrogen did not increase Ridgetown. No-tillage system had evolved NH3-N 7.2%) CO2-C 27.9%) conventional only. Consistent management yield, both sites, were greatest from winter wheat, clover, alfalfa. Additionally, a strong positive confirms suitability detect long-term. positively correlated direct status agroecosystem resiliency. conclude increases activity, sequestration, long-term; thus, is critical component developing sustainable agroecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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Influence of cover crops at the four spheres: A review of ecosystem services, potential barriers, and future directions for North America

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 858, С. 159990 - 159990

Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2022

Cover crops have been studied for over a century, but the recognition of complex interaction cover crop on Earth's biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere is relatively recent. Furthermore, previously published research has largely focused evaluating impacts subsequent yield. Understanding crop-induced benefits soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration, nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, wind water erosion, weed control, microbial communities gained considerable attention in last few decades, which crucial to make progress towards developing sustainable agricultural production systems. New continuously gain comprehensive understanding multiple ecosystem services provided by crops. Here, this review, we aimed (a) summarize current knowledge related agroecosystem functioning explore potential mechanisms responsible those effects, (b) identify key factors limiting adoption into agroecosystems conspicuous gaps research. Overall, review results suggest that increased yield, SOC storage, suppression, mitigated N2O reduced suppressed plant pathogens, activity wildlife biodiversity. However, magnitude observed with varied type, location, duration cropping. Notably, termination methods, designing rotations fit crops, additional costs associated integration, uncertainty economic returns are some major barriers systems, particularly North America. In addition long-term future agronomy, breeding cultivars, interactive effects other land management practices needed.

Язык: Английский

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Rigorous, empirical, and quantitative: a proposed pipeline for soil health assessments

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 170, С. 108710 - 108710

Опубликована: Май 13, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Maximizing soil organic carbon stocks under cover cropping: insights from long-term agricultural experiments in North America

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 356, С. 108599 - 108599

Опубликована: Июнь 2, 2023

Cover crops are widely advocated for increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) levels, thereby benefiting health improvement and climate change mitigation. Few regional-scale studies have robustly explored SOC stocks under cover cropping, due to limited long-term experiments. We used the unique experimental data from North American Project Evaluate Soil Health Measurements conducted in 2019 address this issue. This study included 19 agricultural research sites with 36 pairs of cropping established between 1896 2014. Explanatory variables related site-specific environmental conditions management practices were collected identify prioritize contributing factors that affect crops, by coupling Boruta algorithm structural equation modeling. Overall, significantly (P < 0.05) improved several indicators health, including greater (concentration: +8%; stock: +7%), total nitrogen (+8%), water-stable aggregates (+15%), potential mineralization (+34%), on average, compared no crop control. Likewise, sequestered 3.55 Mg C ha-1 (0–15 cm depth), a sequestration rate 0.24 yr-1. In addition, we found (Hargreaves climatic moisture deficit) was important explaining variation followed properties (e.g., clay content). terms practices, type had significant positive (0.36) effect stocks, non-legumes showing impact, legumes mixtures. Crop rotational diversity also (0.28) accumulation. Our findings suggested integrating non-legume into diverse rotation is likely be promising strategy maximize across America.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of straw and manure management on soil and crop performance in North China Plain

CATENA, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 187, С. 104359 - 104359

Опубликована: Дек. 8, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Cumulative impact of cover crops on soil carbon sequestration and profitability in a temperate humid climate

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 7, 2020

Abstract Although soil C sequestration with cover crops (CCs) has been linked the potential of CCs in climate change mitigation, long-term usage on storage and farm-based economics have widely overlooked. Therefore, a CC experiment established 2007 temperate humid climate, four no-CC control were compared to evaluate their sequester provide economic returns. Total amount plant added translated into greater organic carbon (SOC) content by 10–20 Mg ha −1 than across both sites. Greater crop yield reduced variability suggest increasing agroecosystem resiliency. Moreover, profit margins processing vegetable but not grain oilseed indicate effects profitability are dependent production system. Our study results indicated that loss might be overcome pricing (at $50 ) quantity sequestered after 9 years CCing; thus, providing financial compensation growers may mechanism encourage adoption.

Язык: Английский

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