Arbuscular mycorrhiza: advances and retreats in our understanding of the ecological functioning of the mother of all root symbioses

Plant and Soil, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 489(1-2), С. 41 - 88

Опубликована: Май 2, 2023

Abstract Background Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis has been referred to as the mother of all plant root symbioses it predated evolution roots. The AM research is a multidisciplinary field at intersection soil science, mycology, and botany. However, in recent decades nature properties soils, which develops functions, have received less attention than desired. Scope In this review we discuss number developments research. We particularly cover role acquisition phosphorus, nitrogen, heavy metals metalloids, well water by plants from soil; effects on nutritional stoichiometry carbon cycle; hyphosphere microbiome; so-called facultative plants; explanations for lack benefit; common networks; arbuscular ectomycorrhizal ecosystems. Conclusion reflect what previously described ‘dogmas’. conclude that these are fact generalisations supported multiple studies, while admitting there potentially geographical bias developed temperate boreal regions, other ecosystems might uncover greater diversity viable non-mycorrhizal strategies currently acknowledged. also note an increasing tendency overinterpret data, may lead stagnation some fields due experiments designed test mechanistic basis processes rather cumulating descriptive studies correlative evidences.

Язык: Английский

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Ferric reduction by a CYBDOM protein counteracts increased iron availability in root meristems induced by phosphorus deficiency

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2024

Abstract To mobilize sparingly available phosphorus (P) in the rhizosphere, many plant species secrete malate to release P sorbed onto (hydr)oxides of aluminum and iron (Fe). In presence Fe, can provoke Fe over-accumulation root apoplast, triggering a series events that inhibit growth. Here, we identified HYPERSENSITIVE TO LOW P1 (HYP1), CYBDOM protein constituted DOMON cytochrome b 561 domain, as critical maintain cell elongation meristem integrity under low P. We demonstrate HYP1 mediates ascorbate-dependent trans-plasma membrane electron transport reduce ferric cupric substrates Xenopus laevis oocytes planta . expression is up-regulated response deficiency proximal zone apical meristem. Disruption leads increased callose accumulation causes significant transcriptional changes roots. further activity overcomes malate-induced accumulation, thereby preventing Fe-dependent growth arrest Collectively, our results uncover an metalloreductase protect meristems P-deficient plants from availability provide insights into physiological function yet poorly characterized but ubiquitous proteins.

Язык: Английский

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A novel proxy to examine interspecific phosphorus facilitation between plant species

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 239(5), С. 1637 - 1650

Опубликована: Июнь 27, 2023

Summary Resource complementarity can contribute to enhanced ecosystem functioning in diverse plant communities, but the role of facilitation is poorly understood. Here, we use leaf manganese concentration ([Mn]) as a proxy for rhizosheath carboxylate explore novel mechanisms mediated by phosphorus (P) facilitation. In pot experiments, showed that mixtures involving Carex korshinskyi , an efficient P‐mobilizing species, exhibited greater biomass and relative effect than combinations without C. on P‐deficient soils. Compared with monocultures, [Mn] [P] species are inefficient at P mobilization increased 27% 21% when grown (i.e. interspecific via carboxylates) rather next another species. This experimental result was supported meta‐analysis including range Phosphorus low‐P environments, related change several facilitated their root morphological traits those monoculture. Using proxy, highlight vital mechanism belowground processes provide evidence pivotal plasticity biodiversity research.

Язык: Английский

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Shifts from an extensive to an intensive root nutrient‐acquisition mode with stand development of three Pinus species

Journal of Ecology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 112(4), С. 886 - 900

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2024

Abstract Plant roots employ diverse strategies to acquire soil nutrients, including direct nutrient uptake through absorptive fine and root hairs, scavenging nutrients by forming symbioses with mycorrhizal fungi, mining releasing exudates. However, whether these three are differently coordinated among phylogenetically closely related tree species how this coordination shifts stand development remains largely unclear. To fill knowledge gaps, we measured 13 morphological, architectural, physiological traits tightly nutrient‐acquisition of Pinus ( P. sylvestris var. mongolica , densiflora tabuliformis ) at young (20‐year‐old) mature (50‐year‐old) stages planted in nutrient‐impoverished sandy soils, Northeast China. We found that trees had thinner a higher specific length than across species, indicating become morphologically less efficient ‘do it yourself’ during development. Moreover, stands greater density area index, faster root‐exudation rates, suggesting rely more on expanding volumes scavenge depend exudation ‘mine’ nutrients. The exhibited different the stage; other two ectomycorrhizal colonization rates. Synthesis . Our findings highlight may exhibit suggest shift from an extensive mode depending intensive relying

Язык: Английский

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Adaptation strategies of three legumes to soil phosphorus availability in steppes of Inner Mongolia

Plant and Soil, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Soil–plant–gall relationships: from gall development to ecological patterns

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 99(6), С. 1948 - 1975

Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2024

ABSTRACT The adaptive nature of the galler habit has been tentatively explained by nutrition, microenvironment, and enemy hypotheses. Soil attributes have direct relationships with these three hypotheses at cellular macroecological scales, but their influence restricted previously to effects on nutritional status host plant gall richness abundance. Herein, we discuss ionome patterns within tissues significance for development, physiology, structure, nutrition gallers. Previous ecological chemical quantification focused extensively nitrogen carbon contents, evoking carbon‐nutrient defence hypothesis as an explanation establishing plant–gall interaction. Different elements are involved in cell wall composition dynamics, antioxidant activity, regulation water dynamics. An overview different soil–plant–gall highlights complexity requirements gallers, which strongly influenced environmental soil traits. profiles interact determine outcome plant–herbivore interactions need be addressed considering not only features also plant's physiological quantitative qualitative results iron metabolism tissues, well roles essential element physiology reproduction gallers suggest that it may represent a key resource, aligning hypothesis, providing integrative higher diversity iron‐rich soils.

Язык: Английский

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A cool spot in a biodiversity hotspot: why do tall Eucalyptus forests in Southwest Australia exhibit low diversity?

Plant and Soil, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 476(1-2), С. 669 - 688

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2022

Abstract Background and aims Southwest Australia is a biodiversity hotspot, with greatest plant species diversity on the most severely phosphorus (P)-impoverished soils. Here, non-mycorrhizal highly-effective carboxylate-releasing P-acquisition strategies coexist mycorrhizal that are less effective at accessing P these Non-mycorrhizal facilitate acquisition of neighbours better defended against pathogens. In Australian Biodiversity Hotspot, there also ‘cool spots’ low-diversity tall Eucalyptus communities P-impoverished These trees obviously do not require facilitation their by neighbours, because only minor component communities. We hypothesised in forests, release carboxylates to acquire P. Thus, they would depend facilitation, must be strong competitors. However, external hyphae P, able access soil organic nitrogen (N), for which need hyphae. Methods Since mobilise but manganese (Mn), we used leaf Mn concentrations ([Mn]) natural habitat proxy rhizosphere carboxylates. To verify this proxy, measured carboxylate exudation targeted high [Mn] using seedlings grown low-P nutrient solutions. Results Using complementary approaches, confirmed our hypothesis dominant mineralisation N associated fractionation N, enriching 15 while nitrate depleted stable isotope composition material. The results show did despite being ectomycorrhizal. Conclusions low forests southwest can explained exhibiting strategy. eucalypts therefore competitors N.

Язык: Английский

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Root carboxylate release is common in phosphorus-limited forest ecosystems in China: using leaf manganese concentration as a proxy

Plant and Soil, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2024

Abstract Background and aims Certain plant species release root carboxylates in response to phosphorus (P) limitation; however, the prevalence of exudate P-limited forest ecosystems remains unexplored due challenges field assessment. Methods Manganese (Mn) accumulation mature leaves can indicate presence carboxylate exudates rhizosphere soil. To account for environmental factors such as soil pH, a negative reference that does not is used comparison. In this study, we assessed multiple stands across types different levels P availability northern (Gansu) southern (Guangxi) China. Leaf samples were collected from 188 families representing various life forms, leaf Mn concentration ([Mn]) was analyzed proxy exudation patterns, using Dryopteridaceae reference. Results The results supported our hypotheses [Mn] higher forests China compared P-richer China, even though Additionally, observed with high Guangxi (82%) than Gansu (42%). Conclusion Our findings suggest potential common strategy among plants forests, where are released limitation, possibly ineffective mycorrhizal symbiosis nutrient acquisition. diverse systems exhibit varying availability, leading evolution distinct P-acquisition strategies.

Язык: Английский

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Growing in phosphorus‐impoverished habitats in south‐western Australia: How general are phosphorus‐acquisition and ‐allocation strategies among Proteaceae, Fabaceae and Myrtaceae species?

Plant Cell & Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 47(12), С. 4683 - 4701

Опубликована: Июль 29, 2024

Numerous phosphorus (P)-acquisition and -utilisation strategies have evolved in plants growing severely P-impoverished environments. Although these been well characterised for certain taxa, like Proteaceae, P-poor habitats are by a high biodiversity, we know little about how species other families cope with P scarcity. We compared the P-acquisition leaf P-allocation of Fabaceae Myrtaceae those Proteaceae same habitat. exhibited multiple strategies: P-mining carboxylates or phosphatases, uptake facilitated carboxylate-releasing neighbours, dependence on elevated soil availability after fire. Surprisingly, not all showed photosynthetic P-use efficiency (PPUE). Highly P-efficient positive correlations between PPUE proportion metabolite (enzyme substrates), negative phospholipids (cellular membranes) nucleic acid (mostly ribosomal RNA), while found no less species. Overall, that used wider range than to scarcity, at both rhizosphere level. This knowledge is pivotal better understand mechanisms underlying plant survival nutrient-impoverished biodiverse ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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Sufficient potassium improves inorganic phosphate‐limited photosynthesis inBrassica napusby enhancing metabolic phosphorus fractions and Rubisco activity

The Plant Journal, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 113(2), С. 416 - 429

Опубликована: Дек. 8, 2022

SUMMARY Crop photosynthesis ( A ) and productivity are often limited by a combination of nutrient stresses, such that changes in the availability one may affect another nutrient, turn influencing . In this study, we examined synergistic effects phosphorus (P) potassium (K) on leaf amendment experiment, which P K were added individually or to Brassica napus grown under co‐limitation. The data revealed addition gradually removed dominant limiting factor (i.e. P) improved Strikingly, synergistically overall uptake P, mainly boosting plant growth, compensated for physiological demand prioritizing investment metabolic pools (P‐containing metabolites inorganic phosphate, Pi). enlarged pool metabolically active was partially associated with upregulation Pi regeneration through release from triose phosphates rather than replacement P‐containing lipids. This process mitigated restrictions maintaining ATP/NADPH NADPH/NADP + ratios increasing content activity Rubisco. Our findings demonstrate sufficient increased Pi‐limited enhancing fractions Rubisco activity. Thus, ionic synergism be exploited mitigate nutrient‐limiting factors improve crop productivity.

Язык: Английский

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