Coastal urbanization-related stressors affect fish herbivory in the Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 12

Опубликована: Март 6, 2025

Coastal urbanization has significantly degraded coral reef habitats worldwide, often driving shifts from to algal dominance. Quantifying fish herbivory, a key ecological process mitigating such transitions, is essential for understanding health, functioning, and resilience. This study examined herbivory rates (bites multiplied by biomass) across five functional groups (detritivores, croppers, browsers, scrapers, excavators) in relation conditions along gradient of urban influence the Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia. Herbivory generally increased inshore offshore sites, with notable differences among groups. Cropper scraper varied while detritivore excavator were consistent. Browser was only observed at most site, highlighting potential vulnerability browsing function near centers. Environmental factors influenced distinct ways. Detritivore higher on reefs lower rugosity, likely due sediment accumulation flatter substrates. all herbivorous fish, scrapers excavators individually, strongly correlated organic matter content turf algae sediments, underscoring importance food quality shaping dynamics. Experimental manipulation sediments (clearing vs . control) did not affect rates, suggesting that effects are main driver patterns studied sites. Preserving taxonomic diversity critical maintaining resilience amidst increasing local stressors.

Язык: Английский

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Can metabolic traits explain animal community assembly and functioning?

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 98(1), С. 1 - 18

Опубликована: Авг. 25, 2022

All animals on Earth compete for free energy, which is acquired, assimilated, and ultimately allocated to growth reproduction. Competition strongest within communities of sympatric, ecologically similar roughly equal size (i.e. horizontal communities), are often the focus traditional community ecology. The replacement taxonomic identities with functional traits has improved our ability decipher ecological dynamics that govern assembly functioning animal communities. Yet, use low-resolution taxonomically idiosyncratic in may have hampered progress date. An animal's metabolic rate (MR) determines costs basic organismal processes activities, thus linking major aspects multifaceted constructs niches (where, when, how energy obtained) fitness (how much accumulated passed future generations). We review evidence from physiology large-scale analyses across tree life propose MR gives rise a group meaningful - resting (RMR), maximum (MMR), aerobic scope (AS) permit an quantification energetic basis species coexistence and, ultimately, Specifically, integrate variety typical trait proxies acquisition allocation (e.g. body size, diet, mobility, history, habitat use), yield smaller suite continuous quantities that: (1) can be precisely measured individuals standardized fashion; (2) apply all regardless their plan, habitat, or affiliation. While integrating into ecology neither panacea disentangling nuanced effects biological differences structure functioning, nor without challenges, small number studies different taxa suggest serve as useful proxy competition animals. Thus, application lead more general understanding enhance trace eco-evolutionary genotypes phenotypes (and vice versa), help predict responses environmental change. trait-based knowledge date, explicit lens via integration further strengthen existing framework.

Язык: Английский

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Geo‐ecological functions provided by coral reef fishes vary among regions and impact reef carbonate cycling regimes

Ecosphere, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(12)

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2022

Abstract Coral reef fishes perform essential and well‐documented ecological functions on reefs, but also contribute important geo‐ecological functions, which influence carbonate cycling regimes. These include framework modification (through bioerosion breakage), the production, reworking, transport of reefal sediments. To explore how these vary across reefs regions, we compiled a dataset available taxa‐specific function rates applied to fish census data from sites in Pacific Ocean (PO), Indian (IO), Greater Caribbean (GC), each region displaying gradient biomass. The highest overall occur at biomass PO (Kingman Reef) IO (Chagos Archipelago), where dominates sediment generation (up 7 kg m −2 year −1 ). At lowest sites, are driven mainly by breakage lower (~2 Sediment reworking high all (~1–5 ) higher than other low sites. Geo‐ecological generally GC despite total being comparable to, or even exceeding, some with ~1 dominant function. site‐level differences partly reflect biomass, assemblage size structure species identity critical, few families (and species) underpinning regulating “health” fish‐driven regime. Reefs modification, production define one end this spectrum, while little new is produced dominates. While additional species‐level rate urgently needed better constrain rates, transitions align ideas about progressive shutdown regimes ecologically perturbed implications for reef‐building, shoreline supply, carbon nutrient cycling.

Язык: Английский

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A functional perspective on the meaning of the term ‘herbivore’: patterns versus processes in coral reef fishes

Coral Reefs, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 43(2), С. 219 - 232

Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2023

Abstract Herbivorous fishes are a key functional group in coral reef ecosystems and have been the focus of vast body research. While substantial progress has made research, challenges persist, especially respect to quantifying patterns versus processes. Despite this challenge being recognised over 40 years ago. To help clarify such challenges, work towards solutions, perspective we explore how definition ‘herbivorous fishes’ precludes an easy translation between herbivore abundance process herbivory. Indeed, if herbivorous defined as, fish which diet is predominantly based on plant material , then encompasses diverse suite all remove primary producers varying extents markedly different impacts functioning. Given situation, our approaches directly herbivory reefs progressed. We highlight lessons learnt from macroalgal assays could be applied direct quantification algal turfs epilithic matrix (EAM); community that invariably difficult with quantify. Nevertheless, given reefs, their relative importance dynamics, widespread process-based assessment EAM represents avenue for expanding future Recognising difficulty translating herbivory, enhanced will necessary comprehensively quantify Anthropocene reefs.

Язык: Английский

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Bio-physical determinants of sediment accumulation on an offshore coral reef: A snapshot study

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 895, С. 165188 - 165188

Опубликована: Июнь 27, 2023

Sediments are found on all coral reefs around the globe. However, amount of sediment in different reservoirs, and rates at which sediments move between can shape biological functioning reefs. Unfortunately, relatively few studies have examined reef dynamics, associated bio-physical drivers, simultaneously over matching spatial temporal scales. This has led to a partial understanding how living systems connected, especially clear-water offshore To address this problem, four reservoirs/sedimentary processes three drivers were quantified across seven habitats/depths Lizard Island, an exposed mid-shelf Great Barrier Reef. Even location substantial load suspended passed reef; theoretically capable replacing entire standing stock on-reef turf just 8 h. quantification actual deposition suggested that 2 % passing settled reef. The data also revealed marked incongruence (sediment trap data) accumulation (TurfPod profile, with flat back emerging as key areas both accumulation. By contrast, shallow windward crest was area but had limited capacity for These cross-reef patterns related wave energy geomorphology, low ecologically important aligning energy. findings reveal disconnect benthos, 'post-settlement' fate dependent local hydrodynamic conditions. From ecological perspective, suggests contextual constraints (wave geomorphology) may predispose some or high-load regimes.

Язык: Английский

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Feeding kinematics of a surgeonfish reveal novel functions and relationships to reef substrata

Communications Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2024

Abstract Biting to obtain attached benthic prey characterizes a large number of fish species on coral reefs, and is feeding mode that contributes important ecosystem functions. We use high-speed video reveal the mechanisms used by surgeonfish, Acanthurus leucosternon , detach algae. After gripping algae in its jaws, pulls it ventrally rotating both head closed novel intra-mandibular joint. These motions remain plane fish, reducing lateral flick The ability bite pull off substrate without bending body laterally minimizes exposure high water flows, may be an adaptation challenging reef habitats such as crest flat. Therefore, our results could potentially represent key milestone evolutionary history trophodynamics.

Язык: Английский

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The global biogeography of reef morphology

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 32(8), С. 1353 - 1364

Опубликована: Май 6, 2023

Abstract Aim The Caribbean and Indo‐Pacific are separate biogeographical realms with distinct evolutionary histories, a 10‐fold difference in biodiversity, highly disparate sea‐level histories. Since reef morphology often reflects interactions between biological activity history, including sea levels, the widths of shallow coral habitats likely to differ markedly realms, ramifications for numerous ecosystem functions. Our goal, therefore, was assess impact global‐scale histories on habitats. Specifically, reefs wider than their counterparts? Location Global. Time Period Modern. Major Taxa Studied Coral reefs. Methods We used Allen Atlas, global mapping system (3 m pixel resolution), examine 3765 transects, 3 km long 1 apart, 60 across two quantifying habitat (Inner Outer Reef Flat, Crest) using ArcGIS. Results Shallow were strikingly similar Indo‐Pacific. Estimated modal diverged by just 37 m; means 122 m. Although zones appeared be Indo‐Pacific, atolls almost identical (means varying less 8 m). Main Conclusions remote sensing approach provides description biogeography as biogenic structures. Furthermore, we can relative importance realm‐wide differences diversity history growth. striking similarity suggests that growth (net accretion) is largely independent diversity, or other factors may have played major role constraining widths. These include geomorphology (e.g. antecedent topography historical accommodation space) and, once at level, self‐limiting local hydrodynamics.

Язык: Английский

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Co‐occurrence of herbivorous fish functional groups correlates with enhanced coral reef benthic state

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 32(3), С. 435 - 449

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2023

Abstract Aim Biodiversity loss is impacting essential ecosystem functions and services across the globe. Recently, our interest in benefits of biodiversity for function has shifted focus from measurements species richness to functional diversity composition. However, additional importance other community characteristics, such as evenness co‐occurrence, diversity‐driven less known. We used herbivorous coral reef fish a model system investigate how co‐occurrence different groups, rather than purely diversity, within an assemblage might affect benthic state. Location Western Atlantic. Time period 2007–2017. Major taxa studied Herbivorous fish. Methods analysed data 601 sites 12 countries western Using diversity–interaction models, we investigated composition relative abundances groups were correlated with cover estimates calcification rates. statistical interactions explore Results found that addition was reduced algal increased accretion. Moreover, pairwise between significantly improvement Main conclusions Our results support idea group offers identify farming damselfish excavating parrotfish potential key determinants state highlight cropping scraping herbivores promote findings argument protecting herbivore abundance without regard present not enough preserve health fine‐scale must be considered.

Язык: Английский

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Let the fish do the cropping: identifying fish grazers to improve coral aquaculture

Coral Reefs, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2025

Abstract Controlling the growth of fouling organisms in coral aquaculture is a recognised approach to enhance survival during grow-out recruits. Herbivorous fish can reduce algae growth, though indiscriminate grazing by pose risk early life stages corals. To identify suitable age or size introduce recruit culture, settlement tiles with 1-week-old, single-polyp and 1-month-old, multi-polyp Acropora millepora, kenti Goniastrea retiformis were exposed “brusher”, “cropper” “concealed cropper” grazers for 24 h, addition manual aquarist cleaned treatment control uncleaned comparison. In general, acroporid recruits displayed lower mortality than across all types grazing, younger, smaller more vulnerable “brusher” functional group likely cause mortality. Morality was low controls corals, whilst generally saw slightly elevated under cleaning. Grazing Ctenochaetus binotatus resulted highest treatments week old, experiencing 2.5% 8.6% A. millepora , respectively, as high 88.9% G. . contrast, month old acroporids that 2–7 polyps < 1% probability when same C. grazing. intensity also played role, belonging higher bite rates caused Overall, Acanthurus nigrofuscus represented best trade-off between minimising reducing coverage on tiles. Based our results knowledge operations would gain most benefit introducing once corals reach stage at > 1 other fast growing species, later smaller, slower species such

Язык: Английский

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Digenean life cycle truncation has enabled the opportunistic exploitation of herbivorous fishes

Journal of Helminthology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 99

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Abstract New, well-known and predicted life cycles for trematodes of the Haploporoidea (Haploporidae Emprostiotrematidae) three families Lepocreadioidea (Enenteridae, Gorgocephalidae, Gyliauchenidae) involve encystment metacercaria in open (usually on vegetation) followed by ingestion a range herbivorous or detritivorous fishes. These appear among relatively highly derived plagiorchiidan which three-host incorporating an animal second intermediate host are dominant. We hypothesise that two-host arose secondary truncation cycle; was lost favour open. Modification cycle effective infection carnivores is consistent with understanding fishes as multiple lineages have secondarily become detritivores herbivores. Four five trematode involved infect relating to orders, suggesting complex history host-switching. In contrast, smallest families, has been found only single family, Kyphosidae. The timing evolutionary events leading this putative yet be deduced, but rich developing creates strong template future analysis.

Язык: Английский

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