Penicillium expansum: biology, omics, and management tools for a global postharvest pathogen causing blue mould of pome fruit

Molecular Plant Pathology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 21(11), С. 1391 - 1404

Опубликована: Сен. 23, 2020

Abstract Blue mould, caused primarily by Penicillium expansum , is a major threat to the global pome fruit industry, causing multimillion‐dollar losses annually. The blue mould fungus negatively affects quality, thereby reducing fresh consumption, and significantly contributes food loss. P. also produces an array of mycotoxins that are detrimental human health. Management options limited emergence fungicide‐resistant spp. makes disease management difficult, therefore new approaches tools needed combat in storage. This species profile comprises comprehensive literature review this aggressive pathogen associated with pomes (apple, pear, quince), focusing on biology, mechanisms disease, control, genomics, newest developments management. Taxonomy Link 1809. Domain Eukaryota, Kingdom Fungi, Phylum Ascomycota, Subphylum Pezizomycotina, Class Eurotiomycetes, Subclass: Eurotiomycetidae, Order Eurotiales; Family Trichocomaceae, Genus Species . Biology A wide host range necrotrophic postharvest requires wound (e.g., stem pull, punctures, bruises, shoulder cracks) or natural openings lenticel, end, calyx sinus) gain ingress infect. Toxins Patulin, citrinin, chaetoglobosins, communesins, roquefortine C, expansolides B, ochratoxin A, penitrem rubratoxin penicillic acid. Host Primarily apples, European Asian medlar, quince. has been reported stone fruits (cherry, plum, peach), small (grape, strawberry, kiwi), hazel nut. Disease symptoms initially appears as light tan dark brown circular lesions defined margin between decayed healthy tissues. tissue soft watery, blue‐green spore masses appear area, starting at infection site radiating outward area ages. control Preharvest fungicides activity used decay. Orchard packinghouse sanitation methods critical components integrated pest strategy. Useful websites Penn State Tree Fruit Production Guide ( https://extension.psu.edu/forage‐and‐food‐crops/fruit ), Washington Comprehensive http://treefruit.wsu.edu/crop‐protection/disease‐management/blue‐mold/ Apple Rot Doctor https://waynejurick.wixsite.com/applerotdr penicillium genome sequences resources https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/browse/#!/eukaryotes/11336/ ).

Язык: Английский

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Breeding and genetics of disease resistance in temperate fruit trees: challenges and new opportunities

Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 135(11), С. 3961 - 3985

Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2022

Язык: Английский

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A Comprehensive Morphological, Biochemical, and Sensory Study of Traditional and Modern Apple Cultivars

Horticulturae, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11(3), С. 264 - 264

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) represent one of the most widely cultivated and consumed fruits globally, with significant genetic diversity among cultivars. This study aimed to evaluate morphological, biochemical, organoleptic characteristics 34 apple cultivars, including ancient Romanian varieties, internationally old modern new selections. The assessment was conducted identify valuable traits for breeding programs commercial applications. Morphological analysis revealed variation in fruit size, shape, weight, international ‘classic’ cultivars exhibiting larger dimensions on average. Biochemical profiling indicated notable differences moisture content, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, carotenoid levels, some traditional demonstrating high nutritional potential. Texture showed variations peel hardness, flesh firmness, toughness, influencing storage capacity consumer preference. Organoleptic evaluations highlighted superior sensory attributes such as ‘Golden Orange’, ‘Jonathan’, ‘Kaltherer Böhmer’, Delicious’, which ranked highest terms taste, aroma, juiciness. Statistical analyses, principal component hierarchical clustering further distinguished based their physicochemical profiles. findings emphasize importance apples maintaining a resilient sustainable assortment. provides insights orchard, market, industry development. We also highlight future directions, promoting conservation strategic use both

Язык: Английский

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Quantitative Traits of Interest in Apple Breeding and Their Implications for Selection

Plants, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(4), С. 903 - 903

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2023

Apple breeding is a laborious and long-lasting process that requires qualified resources, land, time, funds. In this study, more than 5000 F1 apple hybrids from direct testcrosses were analyzed. The results revealed how the phenotypic expression of main quantitative traits interest assessed in five half-sib families was controlled by additive genetic effects non-additive dominance epistasis. statistical number required to ensure efficient selection increased exponentially with desirable traits. minimum progenies obtain hybrid associated agronomic highly variable. For two independent essential (fruit size quality), but incorporated together same hybrid, between about 30 300. If three cumulative added (a large fruits per tree, resistance/tolerance scab, powdery mildew attack), limits 1500 18,000. study highlighted need for new varieties due narrowing diversity cultivated species choice parents used hybridizations (as well as objectives pursued selection) can increase efficiency breeding.

Язык: Английский

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Phased telomere-to-telomere reference genome and pangenome reveal an expansion of resistance genes during apple domestication

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 195(4), С. 2799 - 2814

Опубликована: Май 14, 2024

Abstract The cultivated apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is a cross-pollinated perennial fruit tree of great economic importance. Earlier versions reference genomes were unphased, fragmented, and lacked comprehensive insights into the apple's highly heterozygous genome, which impeded advances in genetic studies breeding programs. In this study, we assembled haplotype-resolved telomere-to-telomere (T2T) genome for diploid cultivar Golden Delicious. Subsequently, constructed pangenome based on 12 assemblies from wild species to investigate dynamic changes functional genes. Our results revealed gene gain loss events during domestication. Compared with species, more families significantly enriched oxidative phosphorylation, pentose metabolic process, responses salt, abscisic acid biosynthesis process. analyses also demonstrated higher prevalence different types resistance analogs (RGAs) cultivars than their relatives, partially attributed segmental tandem duplication certain RGAs classes. Structural variations, mainly deletions insertions, have affected presence absence TIR-NB-ARC-LRR, NB-ARC-LRR, CC-NB-ARC-LRR Additionally, hybridization/introgression has contributed expansion genes domesticated apples. T2T provide important resources apples, emphasizing need study evolutionary mechanisms breeding.

Язык: Английский

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RosBREED: bridging the chasm between discovery and application to enable DNA-informed breeding in rosaceous crops

Horticulture Research, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2020

Abstract The Rosaceae crop family (including almond, apple, apricot, blackberry, peach, pear, plum, raspberry, rose, strawberry, sweet cherry, and sour cherry) provides vital contributions to human well-being is economically significant across the U.S. In 2003, industry stakeholder initiatives prioritized utilization of genomics, genetics, breeding develop new cultivars exhibiting both disease resistance superior horticultural quality. However, rosaceous breeders lacked certain knowledge tools fully implement DNA-informed breeding—a “chasm” existed between existing genomics genetic information application this in breeding. RosBREED project (“Ros” signifying a community initiative, “BREED”, indicating core focus on programs), addressed challenge through comprehensive coordinated 10-year effort funded by USDA-NIFA Specialty Crop Research Initiative. was designed enable routine modern genetics technologies programs, thereby enhancing their efficiency effectiveness delivering with producer-required resistances market-essential This review presents synopsis approach, deliverables, impacts RosBREED, highlighting synergistic global collaborations future needs. Enabling developed are described, including genome-wide scanning platforms DNA diagnostic tests. Examples use participants presented for all stages, pre-breeding resistance, parental seedling selection, elite selection advancement. chasm now bridged, accelerating improvement.

Язык: Английский

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Analysis of population structure and genetic diversity of Camellia tachangensis in Guizhou based on SNP markers

Molecular Biology Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 51(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024

Camellia tachangensis F. C. Zhang is a five-compartment species in the ovary of tea group plants, which represents original germline early differentiation some plants.

Язык: Английский

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Fire blight QTL analysis in a multi-family apple population identifies a reduced-susceptibility allele in ‘Honeycrisp’

Horticulture Research, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2021

Abstract Breeding apple cultivars with resistance offers a potential solution to fire blight, damaging bacterial disease caused by Erwinia amylovora . Most alleles at quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were previously characterized in diverse Malus germplasm poor fruit quality, which reduces breeding utility. This study utilized pedigree-based QTL analysis approach elucidate the genetic basis of resistance/susceptibility blight from multiple sources relevant U.S. programs. Twenty-seven important parents (IBPs) represented 314 offspring 32 full-sib families, ‘Honeycrisp’ being most highly IBP. Analyzing data two-year replicated field inoculation and curated genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism data, QTLs consistently mapped on chromosomes (Chrs.) 6, 7, 15. These together explained ~28% phenotypic variation. The Chr. 6 15 colocalized reported QTLs, while 7 is possibly novel. inherited rare reduced-susceptibility allele its grandparent ‘Frostbite’. resistant IBP ‘Enterprise’ had least one putative all three QTLs. In general, lower susceptibility was observed for individuals higher numbers across highlighted mapping characterization complex pedigree-connected germplasm. Knowledge gained will enable more informed parental selection development trait-predictive DNA tests pyramiding favorable superior blight.

Язык: Английский

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Chemometric Comparison and Classification of 22 Apple Genotypes Based on Texture Analysis and Physico-Chemical Quality Attributes

Horticulturae, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 8(1), С. 64 - 64

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2022

The large number of cultivars belonging to the cultivated apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) reflects an extremely wide range variability, including for fruit quality traits. To evaluate some characteristics quality, 22 genotypes were selected from a collection germplasms containing more than 600 accessions, based on different considerations, use fruits (dessert, cooking, processing, juice, cider, multipurpose). mean water content studied was 85.05%, with coefficient variation (CV) 2.74%; ash 2.32% CV 22.1%, and total soluble solids 16.22% 17.78%, indicating relatively small difference between these indices. On contrary, differences registered weight, volume, titratable acidity means 119.52 g, 155 mL, 0.55% malic acid, CVs 35.17%, 34.58%, 54.3%, respectively. results showed that peel hardness varied 3.80 13.69 N, toughness 0.2 1.07 mm, flesh 0.97 4.76 work 6.88 27.84 mJ. current study can emphasize possibility choosing appropriate cross in breeding process how future strategies help breeders select parents, which are essential key steps when new cultivars. In addition, multivariate analysis has proven be useful tool assessing relationships Malus genetic resources.

Язык: Английский

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Inheritance of Apple (Malus × domestica (L.) Borkh) Resistance against Apple Scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) Wint.) in Hybrid Breeding Material Obtained by Gene Pyramiding

Horticulturae, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 8(9), С. 772 - 772

Опубликована: Авг. 26, 2022

Apple scab caused by the pathogenic fungus Venturia inaequalis causes significant damage to apples. The creation of apple-scab resistant varieties is considered an alternative pesticide-based management. To evaluate R gene inheritance, 862 apple hybrid samples were analyzed and divided into populations depending on resistance genes (Rvi6 Rvi5) present in parents’ genotypes their combinations. field evaluation was carried out 2016–2018 using international VINQUEST methodology, but identified specific resistance-gene molecular markers. Parent plants genotyped 22 SSR study determined that influenced not only genotype also genetic background cultivar, tree’s general health status other diseases. It found Rvi6 (Vf) Rvi5 (Vm) are inherited according Mendelian laws, when both pyramided offspring, they as separate genes. In general, inheritance offspring a determining factor for resistance, combination several factors.

Язык: Английский

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