Role of Fluid Dynamics in Infectious Disease Transmission: Insights from COVID-19 and Other Pathogens
Trends in Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
21(8), С. 8287 - 8287
Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024
The
spread
of
infectious
diseases
such
as
COVID-19
depends
on
complex
fluid
dynamics
interactions
between
pathogens
and
phases,
including
individual
droplets
multiphase
clouds.
Understanding
these
is
crucial
for
predicting
controlling
disease
spread.
This
applies
to
human
animal
exhalations,
coughs
sneezes,
well
bursting
bubbles
that
create
micron-sized
in
various
indoor
outdoor
environments.
By
exploring
case
studies
this
regard,
study
examines
the
emerging
field
transmission,
focusing
flows,
interfacial
turbulence,
pathogens,
traffic,
aerosol
ventilation,
breathing
microenvironments.
These
results
indicate
increased
ventilation
rates
local
methods
can
effectively
reduce
concentration
SARS-CoV-2-laden
aerosols
immediate
spaces
individuals.
In
a
displacement-ventilated
room,
both
neutral
unstable
conditions
were
more
effective
removing
breathed
from
air,
regardless
presence
test
subjects.
However,
stable
may
increase
risk
infection
individuals
living
confined
spaces.
Thus,
findings
are
useful
providing
practical
guidance
managing
airborne
infections.
HIGHLIGHTS
Fluid
affect
transmission
explored
flow,
dispersion,
respiratory
zones
Increased
SARS-CoV-2
Displacement
eliminates
under
Cramped
damp
environments
GRAPHICAL
ABSTRACT
Язык: Английский
Coupled Eulerian Wall Film–Discrete Phase model for predicting respiratory droplet generation during a coughing event
Physics of Fluids,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
35(11)
Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2023
Infectious
respiratory
diseases
have
long
been
a
serious
public
health
issue,
with
airborne
transmission
via
close
person-to-person
contact
being
the
main
infection
route.
Coughing
episodes
are
an
eruptive
source
of
virus-laden
droplets
that
increase
risk
susceptible
individuals.
In
this
study,
droplet
generation
process
during
coughing
event
was
reproduced
using
Eulerian
wall
film
(EWF)
model,
and
absorption/expulsion
tracked
discrete
phase
model
(DPM).
A
realistic
numerical
included
oral
cavity
teeth
features
system
from
throat
to
first
bifurcation
developed.
flow
profile
simulated
patterns
single
episode.
The
EWF
DPM
models
were
coupled
predict
formation,
generation,
absorption,
exhalation
processes.
results
showed
large
number
concentration
generated
at
beginning
event,
peak
coinciding
cough
rate.
Analysis
site
origin
amounts
in
surface,
followed
by
caudal
region
system.
size
expelled
0.25–24
μm,
4–8
μm.
This
study
significantly
contributes
realm
on
localized
after
It
can
facilitate
studies
assessment,
dispersion,
mechanisms
other
sneezing
or
phonation
activities.
Язык: Английский
Predicting the spatio-temporal distribution of the droplets based on the machine learning algorithm
Physics of Fluids,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
37(2)
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025
Aerosol
pollutants
composed
of
suspended
droplets
significantly
impact
environmental
quality
and
human
health.
Predicting
the
spatiotemporal
distribution
cough
remains
a
challenge
due
to
their
complex
multiphase
dynamics,
involving
intricate
interactions
between
droplet
motion
turbulent
airflow.
This
study
presents
three-dimensional
Gaussian
parameter
model
integrating
computational
fluid
dynamics
(CFD)
with
machine
learning
efficiently
simulate
predict
transport
dispersion
indoor
droplets.
The
derived
from
CFD
flow
field
kinematics
adheres
conservation
principles
hyperbolicity,
ensuring
physical
consistency.
An
adaptive
polynomial
feature
random
forest
algorithm
predicts
parameters,
enabling
rapid
reconstruction
trajectories
spatial
patterns.
approach
achieves
76.4%
reduction
in
cost
compared
traditional
simulations
while
maintaining
high
accuracy,
mean
absolute
error
below
0.07
squared
0.014.
robust
versatile
framework
advances
understanding
aerosol
offering
critical
insight
practical
tools
for
air
management
pollution
control.
Язык: Английский
Dental service for United Nations peacekeepers coping with COVID-19 in Bukavu: preparation, implementation and recommendation
Frontiers in Oral Health,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
6
Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2025
The
Chinese
level
2
hospital
(CHH
L2)
deployed
in
Bukavu
provides
medical
supports
to
peacekeepers
MONUSCO.
This
study
aimed
statistically
analyze
the
types
of
oral
and
maxillofacial
problems
corresponding
treatments
provided
from
October
2018
September
2022,
describe
trends
dental
service
pre
post
COVID-19
outbreak.
records
all
patients
visited
CHN
L2
during
48
months
were
collected
accessed
for
research
purposes
between
2022.
Dental
visitors
counted
identified
with
nationality
occupations.
was
categorized
as
emergency,
routine
evacuation.
Diagnosis
analyzed.
952/3,913
(24.33%)
this
period
referred
dentistry,
including
50
females
(5.25%)
902
males
(94.75%).
proportion
UN
military
personnel
is
91.39%
(870/952).
A
total
1,116
teeth
mucosa
treated.
emergencies
represented
13.98%
percent
(156/1,
116).
2,180
(2.29
procedures
per
patient)
provided:
radiographs
taken
(618,
28.30%),
local
anesthesia
(448,
20.55%),
RCT
(373,
15.14%),
resin
composite
filling
(330,
extraction
(248,
11.38%)
other
(164,
7.52%).
number
monthly
significantly
affected
by
epidemic
(p
<
0.05),
pre-COVID-19
(total
151
±
51,
33
13)
post-COVID-19
51
21,
13
8),
lowest
July
2020,
6
after
outbreak
16
3).
Dentistry
most
frequently
department
CHH
Bukavu,
epidemic.
Treatments
related
caries,
pulpitis,
apical
periodontitis,
wisdom
account
majority
service.
variety
severity
demonstrate
urgent
need
training
multiple
specialized
skills
personnel.
Язык: Английский
RETRACTED: Influence of indoor relative humidity on the number concentration, size distribution, and trajectory of sneeze droplets: Effects on social distancing guidelines
International Journal of Multiphase Flow,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
163, С. 104422 - 104422
Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2023
Язык: Английский
Predicting the Spatio-Temporal Distribution of the Droplets Based on the Machine Learning Algorithm
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Язык: Английский
COVID-19 prevention and health promotion for the whole community
Journal of Public Health and Diseases,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
6(2), С. 31 - 38
Опубликована: Дек. 30, 2023
As
our
understanding
of
Covid-19
has
grown,
numerous
techniques
for
preventing
its
spread
have
emerged.
Scholars
and
practitioners
in
public
health
focused
on
four
important
prevention
strategies:
behavioural,
technical,
biomedical,
structural/community-level
interventions.
Recent
material
these
areas
provides
an
overview
current
preventive
breakthroughs.
Current
COVID-19
models,
which
build
traditional
techniques,
use
intimate
partners,
families,
social
media,
emerging
technology,
prescription
therapy,
immunization,
regulatory
changes
to
influence
change.
Despite
significant
success,
more
action
is
required
meet
the
national
goal
stopping
epidemic.
Government
non-governmental
organizations
are
uniquely
positioned
promote
science
collaboration
with
cross-disciplinary
professionals
from
other
domains.
Язык: Английский