Metabolic Profile of Etomidate and Its Three Analogs in Zebrafish, Human Liver Microsomes, Human Urine and Hair Samples Using UHPLC‐Q Exactive Orbitrap‐HRMS
Drug Testing and Analysis,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2025
ABSTRACT
Etomidate
is
a
short‐acting
non‐barbiturate
imidazole
used
as
an
intravenous
anesthetic
agent
in
humans,
while
metomidate
and
propoxate
are
common
drug
for
fishes.
Today,
etomidate,
its
analogs,
including
isopropoxate,
increasingly
abused,
leading
to
many
public
malignant
events.
The
goal
of
this
work
was
use
liquid
chromatography‐high
resolution
mass
spectrometry
(LC‐HRMS)
study
the
vivo
vitro
metabolism
etomidate
analogs
zebrafish,
human
liver
microsomes
(HLMs),
urine
hair
samples.
Eight
metabolites
metomidate,
11
six
propoxate,
10
isopropoxate
were
detected
our
study.
main
metabolic
pathways
included
hydroxylation,
dealkylation,
dehydrogenation,
glucuronidation.
acid
samples
after
all
four
substances.
Our
results
support
monohydroxylated
biomarkers
analogs.
Among
tested
samples,
38
showed
one
type
targeted
substances,
20
two
or
more
drugs.
Thus,
polydrug
phenomenon
worth
noting.
This
first
identify
target
compounds
monitoring
abuse
human,
provide
insights
into
biotransformation
them.
Язык: Английский
Rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of etomidate and its structural analogs in blood by UPLC-MS/MS and application in six forensic cases
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
264, С. 116962 - 116962
Опубликована: Май 15, 2025
Язык: Английский
Fluorescent microsphere-based strip for sensitive and quantitative detection of etomidate and metomidate
The Analyst,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Дек. 26, 2024
Monoclonal
antibodies
against
ET
and
MT
were
developed
a
rapid
accurate
lateral
flow
immunoassay
for
wastewater,
blood,
urine
was
established.
Язык: Английский
Rapid Screening of Etomidate and Its Analogs in Seized e-Liquids Using Thermal Desorption Electrospray Ionization Coupled with Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry
Toxics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(12), С. 884 - 884
Опубликована: Дек. 5, 2024
The
growing
popularity
of
e-cigarettes
has
raised
significant
concerns
about
the
safety
and
potential
abuse
these
products.
Compounds
originally
used
in
medical
field,
such
as
etomidate,
metomidate,
isopropoxate,
have
been
illegally
added
to
e-liquids,
posing
substantial
risks
consumer
health,
facilitating
misuse
illicit
drugs.
To
address
concerns,
this
study
developed
a
rapid
efficient
method
for
detecting
isopropoxate
e-liquids
using
thermal
desorption
electrospray
ionization
coupling
triple
quadrupole
mass
spectrometry
(TD-ESI/MS/MS).
TD-ESI/MS/MS
exhibits
high
sensitivity,
with
detection
limits
reaching
3
ng/mL.
Screening
70
seized
e-liquid
samples
from
12
cases
revealed
that
46
contained
only
13
11
both
etomidate
metomidate.
qualitative
results
obtained
were
complete
agreement
those
GC-MS.
Moreover,
requires
no
pre-treatment
steps
time
1
min,
thereby
saving
experimental
consumables
significantly
reducing
time.
demonstrated
accuracy,
reproducibility,
making
it
suitable
high-throughput
screening
forensic
regulatory
settings.
Язык: Английский