On the Road to 6G: Visions, Requirements, Key Technologies, and Testbeds

IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 25(2), С. 905 - 974

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Fifth generation (5G) mobile communication systems have entered the stage of commercial deployment, providing users with new services, improved user experiences as well a host novel opportunities to various industries. However, 5G still faces many challenges. To address these challenges, international industrial, academic, and standards organizations commenced research on sixth (6G) wireless systems. A series white papers survey been published, which aim define 6G in terms requirements, application scenarios, key technologies, etc. Although ITU-R has working vision it is expected reach consensus what will be by mid-2023, related global discussions are wide open existing literature identified numerous issues. This paper first provides comprehensive portrayal vision, technical covering current common understanding 6G. Then, critical appraisal network architecture technologies presented. Furthermore, testbeds advanced verification platforms detailed for time. In addition, future directions challenges stimulate on-going debate. Finally, lessons learned date concerning networks discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Enabling Massive IoT Toward 6G: A Comprehensive Survey

IEEE Internet of Things Journal, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 8(15), С. 11891 - 11915

Опубликована: Март 4, 2021

Nowadays, many disruptive Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications emerge, such as augmented/virtual reality online games, autonomous driving, and smart everything, which are massive in number, data intensive, computation delay sensitive. Due to the mismatch between fifth generation (5G) requirements of IoT-enabled applications, there is a need for technological advancements evolutions wireless communications networking toward sixth-generation (6G) networks. 6G expected deliver extended 5G capabilities at very high level, Tbps rate, sub-ms latency, cm-level localization, so on, will play significant role supporting IoT devices operate seamlessly with highly diverse service requirements. Motivated by aforementioned facts, this article, we present comprehensive survey on 6G-enabled IoT. First, drivers summarizing emerging corresponding requirements, along limitations 5G. Second, visions provided terms core technical use cases, trends. Third, new network architecture enable introduced, i.e., space-air-ground-underwater/sea networks enhanced edge computing. Fourth, some breakthrough technologies, machine learning blockchain, where motivations, open issues these technologies summarized. Finally, case fully driving presented show supports

Язык: Английский

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A Survey on the Metaverse: The State-of-the-Art, Technologies, Applications, and Challenges

IEEE Internet of Things Journal, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10(16), С. 14671 - 14688

Опубликована: Май 22, 2023

In recent years, the concept of Metaverse has attracted considerable attention. This article provides a comprehensive overview Metaverse. First, development status is presented. We summarize policies various countries, companies, and organizations relevant to Metaverse, as well statistics on number Metaverse-related publications. Characteristics are identified: 1) multitechnology convergence; 2) sociality; 3) hyper-spatio-temporality. For convergence we divide technological framework into five dimensions. sociality focus virtual social world. Regarding characteristic hyper-spatio-temporality, introduce an open, immersive, interactive 3-D world which can break through constraints time space in real The challenges also discussed.

Язык: Английский

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A Survey on Fundamental Limits of Integrated Sensing and Communication

IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 24(2), С. 994 - 1034

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

The integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), in which the share same frequency band hardware, has emerged as a key technology future wireless systems due to two main reasons. First, many important application scenarios fifth generation (5G) beyond, such autonomous vehicles, Wi-Fi extended reality, requires both high-performance communications. Second, with millimeter wave massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technologies widely employed 5G signals tend have high-resolution time angular domain, opening up possibility for ISAC. As such, ISAC attracted tremendous research interest attentions academia industry. Early works on been focused design, analysis optimization of practical various systems. While this line are necessary, it is equally study fundamental limits order understand gap between current state-of-the-art performance limits, provide useful insights guidance development better that can approach limits. In paper, we aim comprehensive survey progress Particularly, first propose systematic classification method traditional radio (such radar localization) so they be naturally incorporated into unified framework. Then summarize major metrics bounds used sensing, communications ISAC, respectively. After that, present progresses each class Finally, open problems directions discussed.

Язык: Английский

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A Full Dive Into Realizing the Edge-Enabled Metaverse: Visions, Enabling Technologies, and Challenges

IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 25(1), С. 656 - 700

Опубликована: Ноя. 10, 2022

Dubbed "the successor to the mobile Internet," concept of Metaverse has grown in popularity. While there exist lite versions today, they are still far from realizing full vision an immersive, embodied, and interoperable Metaverse. Without addressing issues implementation communication networking, as well computation perspectives, is difficult succeed Internet, especially terms its accessibility billions users today. In this survey, we focus on edge-enabled realize ultimate vision. We first provide readers with a succinct tutorial Metaverse, introduction architecture, current developments. To enable ubiquitous, seamless, embodied access discuss networking challenges survey cutting-edge solutions concepts that leverage next-generation systems for immerse interact avatars Moreover, given high costs required, e.g., render 3D virtual worlds run data-hungry artificial intelligence-driven avatars, cloud-edge-end framework-driven resource-constrained edge devices. Next, explore how blockchain technologies can aid development not just empowering economic circulation user-generated content but also manage physical resources decentralized, transparent, immutable manner. Finally, future research directions towards true

Язык: Английский

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Cellular, Wide-Area, and Non-Terrestrial IoT: A Survey on 5G Advances and the Road Toward 6G

IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 24(2), С. 1117 - 1174

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

The next wave of wireless technologies is proliferating in connecting things among themselves as well to humans. In the era Internet Things (IoT), billions sensors, machines, vehicles, drones, and robots will be connected, making world around us smarter. IoT encompass devices that must wirelessly communicate a diverse set data gathered from environment for myriad new applications. ultimate goal extract insights this develop solutions improve quality life generate revenue. Providing large-scale, long-lasting, reliable, near real-time connectivity major challenge enabling smart connected world. This paper provides comprehensive survey on existing emerging communication serving applications context cellular, wide-area, non-terrestrial networks. Specifically, technology enhancements providing access fifth-generation (5G) beyond cellular networks, networks over unlicensed spectrum are presented. Aligned with main key performance indicators 5G we investigate standards enable energy efficiency, reliability, low latency, scalability (connection density) current future include grant-free channel coding short-packet communications, non-orthogonal multiple access, on-device intelligence. Further, vision paradigm shifts 2030s provided, integration associated like artificial intelligence, spectra elaborated. particular, potential using deep learning federated techniques enhancing efficiency security discussed, their promises challenges introduced. Finally, research directions toward pointed out.

Язык: Английский

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An Overview of Signal Processing Techniques for RIS/IRS-Aided Wireless Systems

IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16(5), С. 883 - 917

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2022

In the past as well present wireless communication systems, propagation environment is regarded an uncontrollable black box that impairs received signal quality, and its negative impacts are compensated for by relying on design of various sophisticated transmission/reception schemes. However, improvements through applying such schemes operating only at two endpoints (i.e., transmitter receiver) limited even after five generations systems. Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) or reflecting (IRS) have emerged a new promising technology can configure in favorable manner properly tuning phase shifts large number quasi passive low-cost elements, thus standing out candidate next/sixth-generation (6G) system. to reap performance benefits promised RIS/IRS, efficient processing techniques crucial, variety purposes channel estimation, transmission design, radio localization, so on. this paper, we provide comprehensive overview recent advances RIS/IRS-aided systems from perspective.We also highlight research directions worthy investigation future.

Язык: Английский

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6G for Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Communications: Enabling Technologies, Challenges, and Opportunities

Proceedings of the IEEE, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 110(6), С. 712 - 734

Опубликована: Май 20, 2022

We are on the cusp of a new era connected autonomous vehicles with unprecedented user experiences, tremendously improved road safety and air quality, highly diverse transportation environments use cases, plethora advanced applications. Realizing this grand vision requires significantly enhanced vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication network that should be extremely intelligent capable concurrently supporting hyperfast, ultrareliable, low-latency massive information exchange. It is anticipated sixth-generation (6G) systems will fulfill these requirements next-generation V2X. In article, we outline series key enabling technologies from range domains, such as materials, algorithms, system architectures. Aiming for truly systems, envision machine learning (ML) play an instrumental role in vehicular networking. To end, provide overview recent advances ML 6G networks. stimulate future research area, discuss strength, open challenges, maturity, enhancing areas technologies.

Язык: Английский

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The Roadmap to 6G Security and Privacy

IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 2, С. 1094 - 1122

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

Although the fifth generation (5G) wireless networks are yet to be fully investigated, visionaries of 6th (6G) echo systems have already come into discussion. Therefore, in order consolidate and solidify security privacy 6G networks, we survey how may impact envisioned systems, possible challenges with different technologies, potential solutions. We provide our vision on key performance indicators (KPIs) tentative threat landscape based foreseen network architecture. Moreover, discuss that encounter available requirements applications. also give reader some insights standardization efforts research-level projects relevant security. In particular, considerations enabling technologies such as distributed ledger technology (DLT), physical layer security, AI/ML, visible light communication (VLC), THz, quantum computing. All all, this work intends enlightening guidance for subsequent research at initial phase towards reality.

Язык: Английский

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6G Mobile Communication Technology: Requirements, Targets, Applications, Challenges, Advantages, and Opportunities

Alexandria Engineering Journal, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 64, С. 245 - 274

Опубликована: Сен. 6, 2022

The sixth-generation (6G) technology of mobile networks will establish new standards to fulfill unreachable performance requirements by fifth-generation (5G) networks. This is due the high for more intelligent network, ultra-lower latency, extreme network communication speed, and supporting massive number various connected applications. In long term, convergence business developments with platforms, as initiated 5G, exaggerate highlight areas where 5G's capabilities fall short requirements. Motivated development applications in connections, future networks, developments, technological advancements communications that go beyond (B5G) are being developed. this context, highly immersive demanded, such three-dimensional (3D) communications, digital twins, or extended reality (XR)/virtual (VR) applications, which need 6G be realized at scale commercially feasible. Mainly, we anticipate only upcoming capable running extremely high-performance connectivity numbers devices, even under laborious scenarios density, diverse mobility, energetic environments. article, look most recent trends emerging possible operate network. Paper aims provide inclusive brief review about one survey paper. Initially, a comprehensive overview system introduced terms visions, drivers, requirements, architecture, usage required enable After that, opportunities advantages has been discussed. Further, promising techniques highlighted. followed potential discussion challenges research directions. article envisioned serve an informative guideline stimulate interest further studies subsequent readers briefly figure out key targets, advantages, can offered well addressed before implementation technology.

Язык: Английский

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