Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
36(6)
Опубликована: Май 20, 2025
ABSTRACT
This
comprehensive
survey
examines
how
reconfigurable
intelligent
surfaces
(RIS)
revolutionize
resource
allocation
in
various
network
frameworks.
It
begins
by
establishing
a
theoretical
foundation
with
an
overview
of
RIS
technologies,
including
passive
RIS,
active
and
simultaneously
transmitting
reflecting
(STAR‐RIS).
The
core
the
focuses
on
RIS's
role
optimizing
within
single‐input
multiple‐output
(SIMO),
multiple‐input
single‐output
(MISO),
(MIMO)
systems.
further
explores
integration
complex
environments,
such
as
heterogeneous
wireless
networks
(HetNets)
non‐orthogonal
multiple
access
(NOMA)
Additionally,
investigates
applications
advanced
communication
domains
like
terahertz
(THz)
networks,
vehicular
(VC),
unmanned
aerial
vehicle
(UAV)
communications,
highlighting
synergy
between
artificial
intelligence
(AI)
for
enhanced
efficiency.
Summary
tables
provide
comparative
insights
into
schemes.
concludes
lessons
learned,
future
research
directions,
challenges,
emphasizing
critical
open
issues.
IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
25(4), С. 2052 - 2087
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023
With
the
rapid
development
of
Internet
Things
(IoT)
and
rise
5G
communication
networks
automatic
driving,
millimeter
wave
(mmWave)
sensing
is
emerging
starts
impacting
our
life
workspace.
mmWave
can
sense
humans
objects
in
a
contactless
way,
providing
fine-grained
ability.
In
past
few
years,
many
techniques
have
been
proposed
applied
various
human
applications
(e.g.,
localization,
gesture
recognition,
vital
monitoring).
We
discover
need
comprehensive
survey
to
summarize
technology,
platforms
mmWave-based
sensing.
this
survey,
we
first
present
hardware
some
key
then
provide
review
existing
works.
Specifically,
divide
works
into
four
categories
according
granularity:
tracking
motion
biometric
measurement
imaging.
Finally,
discuss
potential
research
challenges
future
directions
area.
IEEE Signal Processing Magazine,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
40(6), С. 41 - 62
Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2023
Integrated
sensing
and
communications
(ISAC)
are
envisioned
to
be
an
integral
part
of
future
wireless
networks,
especially
when
operating
at
the
millimeter-wave
(mm-wave)
terahertz
(THz)
frequency
bands.
However,
establishing
connections
these
high
frequencies
is
quite
challenging,
mainly
due
penetrating
path
loss
that
prevents
reliable
communication
sensing.
Another
emerging
technology
for
next-generation
systems
reconfigurable
intelligent
surface
(RIS),
which
refers
hardware-efficient
planar
structures
capable
modifying
harsh
propagation
environments.
In
this
article,
we
provide
a
tutorial-style
overview
applications
benefits
RISs
functionalities
in
general,
ISAC
particular.
We
highlight
potential
advantages
fusing
two
technologies,
identify
first
time
1)
joint
(S&C)
designs
most
beneficial
channels
referring
operations
coupled,
2)
offer
means
controlling
coupling.
The
usefulness
RIS-aided
goes
beyond
obvious
individual
gains
each
technologies
both
performance
power
efficiency.
also
discuss
main
signal
processing
challenges
research
directions
arise
from
fusion
technologies.
IEEE Transactions on Communications,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
71(4), С. 2457 - 2474
Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2023
To
exploit
the
potential
of
reconfigurable
intelligent
surface
(RIS)
in
supporting
integrated
sensing
and
communication
(ISAC),
this
paper
proposes
a
novel
joint
active
passive
beamforming
design
for
RIS-enabled
ISAC
system
consideration
target
size.
First,
detection
probability
is
derived
closed-form
based
on
illumination
power
an
approximated
scattering
area
target,
new
concept
ultimate
resolution
(UDR)
defined
first
time
to
measure
capability.
Then,
optimization
problem
formulated
maximize
signal-to-noise
ratio
(SNR)
at
user-equipment
(UE)
under
minimum
constraint.
solve
non-convex
problem,
alternative
approach
developed.
In
approach,
solutions
beamformers
are
obtained
by
our
proposed
bisection-search
method.
The
optimal
receive
combining
vector
from
equivalent
Rayleigh-quotient
problem.
optimize
RIS
phase
shifts,
Charnes-Cooper
transformation
conducted
cope
with
fractional
objective,
convexification
process
convexify
constraint
matrix
operations
real-valued
first-order
Taylor
expansion.
After
convexification,
successive
convex
approximation
(SCA)
algorithm
designed
yield
suboptimal
phase-shift
solution.
Finally,
overall
built,
followed
detailed
analyses
its
computational
complexity,
convergence
behavior
feasibility
condition.
Extensive
simulations
carried
out
testify
analytical
properties
design,
reveal
two
important
trade-offs,
namely,
vs.
trade-off
UDR
sensing-duration
trade-off.
comparison
several
existing
benchmarks,
validated
be
superior
when
detecting
targets
practical
sizes.
IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
5, С. 172 - 199
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Unprecedented
growth
in
wireless
data
traffic,
and
ever-increasing
demand
for
highly
secured,
low-latency
communication
has
motivated
the
research
community
to
move
towards
sixth-generation
(6
G)
technology,
where
networks
can
cater
rising
need
ubiquitous
secure
connectivity.
One
of
promising
technologies
6
G
is
reconfigurable
intelligent
surface
(RIS)
concept
that
proposed
successfully
deal
with
increasing
security
threats
by
smartly
controlling
channel
conditions.
This
survey
paper
presents
a
detailed
literature
review
on
RIS-assisted
physical
layer
(PLS)
next-generation
communications.
Firstly,
we
briefly
discuss
PLS
concept,
its
importance,
performance
metrics,
applicability
different
networks.
Next,
applications
RIS
scenario.
Then,
systematic
classification
various
system
topologies
exhibiting
multiple
scenarios,
models,
fading
metrics
objectives
done.
The
existing
state-of-art
approaches
such
as
secret
key
generation
(SKG),
optimization
algorithms,
namely
semidefinite
relaxation-successive
convex
approximation
(SDR-SCA)
optimize
coefficients,
optimal
placement
units
are
discussed
single-input
single-output
(SISO)
case.
For
multiple-input
(MISO)
case,
strategies
inducing
artificial
noise
(AN),
alternating
(AO),
machine
learning
(ML)
deep
(DL),
reflect
matrices
discussed.
Similarly,
multiple-output
(MIMO)
setup,
block
coordinate
descent
(BCD)
AN
induction
some
methods
used
analyze
secrecy.
Lastly,
present
technical
challenges
future
directions
based
survey.
IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
72(4), С. 4919 - 4931
Опубликована: Дек. 7, 2022
Spectrum
congestion
has
motivated
the
recent
introduction
of
integrated
sensing
and
communication
(ISAC)
systems
where
radar
communications
functionalities
co-exist
share
same
spectrum.
This
is
accompanied
by
extensive
research
in
area
reconfigurable
intelligent
surfaces
(RIS),
thanks
to
their
ability
improve
ISAC
systems.
In
this
paper,
physical
layer
security
a
multiuser
multiple-input
single-output
(MU-MISO)
system
investigated
when
subject
eavesdropping
malicious
unmanned
aerial
vehicle
(UAV).
particular,
we
propose
using
an
active
RIS
maximize
achievable
secrecy
rate
through
jointly
designing
receive
beamformers,
reflection
coefficients
matrix
transmit
beamformers
at
dual-function
base
station
system.
done
while
taking
into
account
minimum
detection
signal-to-noise
ratio
(SNR)
total
power
budget
constraints.
The
resulting
non-convex
optimization
problem
tackled
exploiting
fractional
programming
(FP)
majorization-minimization
(MM)
techniques
achieve
solution.
Our
numerical
results
show
superiority
goal
compared
with
passive
or
without
RIS.
Results
also
that
could
still
be
viable
solution
but
expense
much
larger
needed
size
especially
lower
budgets
are
available.
IEEE Transactions on Communications,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
71(4), С. 2532 - 2546
Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2023
Simultaneously
transmitting
and
reflecting
reconfigurable
intelligent
surface
(STAR-RIS)
assisted
non-orthogonal
multiple
access
(NOMA)
communication
systems
are
investigated
in
its
vicinity,
where
a
STAR-RIS
is
deployed
within
predefined
region
for
establishing
links
users.
Both
beamformer-based
NOMA
cluster-based
schemes
employed
at
the
multi-antenna
base
station
(BS).
For
each
scheme,
deployment
location,
passive
beamforming
(BF)
of
STAR-RIS,
active
BF
BS
jointly
optimized
maximizing
weighted
sum-rate
(WSR)
To
solve
resultant
non-convex
problems,
an
alternating
optimization
(AO)
algorithm
proposed,
successive
convex
approximation
(SCA)
semi-definite
programming
(SDP)
methods
invoked
iteratively
addressing
non-convexity
sub-problem.
Numerical
results
reveal
that
1)
WSR
performance
can
be
significantly
enhanced
by
optimizing
specific
location
STAR-RIS;
2)
both
prefer
asymmetric
deployment.
Proceedings of the IEEE,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
112(4), С. 331 - 364
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024
An
introduction
of
intelligent
interconnectivity
for
people
and
things
has
posed
higher
demands
more
challenges
sixth-generation
(6G)
networks,
such
as
high
spectral
efficiency
energy
(EE),
ultralow
latency,
ultrahigh
reliability.
Cell-free
(CF)
massive
multiple-input-multiple-output
(mMIMO)
reconfigurable
surface
(RIS),
also
called
reflecting
(IRS),
are
two
promising
technologies
coping
with
these
unprecedented
demands.
Given
their
distinct
capabilities,
integrating
the
to
further
enhance
wireless
network
performances
received
great
research
development
attention.
In
this
article,
we
provide
a
comprehensive
survey
on
RIS-aided
CF
mMIMO
communication
systems.
We
first
introduce
system
models
focusing
architecture
application
scenarios,
channel
models,
protocols.
Subsequently,
summarize
relevant
studies
operation
resource
allocation,
providing
in-depth
analyses
discussions.
Following
this,
present
practical
faced
by
systems,
particularly
those
introduced
RIS,
hardware
impairments
(HIs)
electromagnetic
interference
(EMI).
corresponding
solutions
facilitate
implementation
Furthermore,
explore
an
interplay
between
other
emerging
6G
technologies,
millimeter
wave
(mmWave)
terahertz
(THz),
simultaneous
information
power
transfer
(SWIPT),
next-generation
multiple
access
(NGMA),
unmanned
aerial
vehicle
(UAV).
Finally,
outline
several
directions
future
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
23(8), С. 8357 - 8371
Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2024
Reconfigurable
intelligent
surface
(RIS)
technology
is
emerging
as
a
promising
technique
for
performance
enhancement
next-generation
wireless
networks.
This
paper
investigates
the
physical
layer
security
of
an
RIS-assisted
multiple-antenna
communication
system
in
presence
random
spatially
distributed
eavesdroppers.
The
RIS-to-ground
channels
are
assumed
to
experience
Rician
fading.
Using
stochastic
geometry,
exact
distributions
received
signal-to-noise-ratios
(SNRs)
at
legitimate
user
and
eavesdroppers
located
according
Poisson
point
process
(PPP)
derived,
closed-form
expressions
secrecy
outage
probability
(SOP)
ergodic
capacity
(ESC)
obtained
provide
insightful
guidelines
design.
First,
diversity
order
2/α
2
,
where
α
denotes
path
loss
exponent
links.
Then,
it
revealed
that
mainly
affected
by
number
RIS
reflecting
elements,
N
impact
transmit
antennas
power
base
station
marginal.
In
addition,
when
locations
randomly
unknown,
deploying
closer
rather
than
shown
be
more
efficient.
Moreover,
also
found
density
eavesdroppers,
λ
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e
has
additive
effect
on
asymptotic
ESC
given
log
(1/λ
).
Finally,
numerical
simulations
conducted
verify
accuracy
these
theoretical
observations.